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FIGURE 8 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 8. Tryonia molinae sp. nov. and Tryonia contrerasi sp. nov. A. Holotype, T. molinae, USNM 1139278. B–C. Shells, T. molinae, USNM 1153674 (C is a male). D. Holotype, T. contrerasi, USNM 874121. E–F. Shells, T. contrerasi, USNM 874128 (F is a male). G–H. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. molinae, USNM 1153674. I–J. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. contrerasi, USNM 1153670. K. Portion of radular ribbon, T. molinae, USNM 1153674. L. Central radular teeth, T. molinae, USNM 1153670. M. Lateral and inner marginal teeth, T. molinae, USNM 1153670. N. Portion of radular ribbon, T. contrerasi, USNM 1153670. Q. Central radular teeth, T. contrerasi, USNM 1153670. R. Lateral tooth, T. contrerasi, USNM 1153670. Scale bars A–F = 1.0 mm; G–J = 250 µm; K, N = 25 µm, L–M, O–P = 10 µm.
FIGURE 10 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 10. Tryonia chuviscarae sp. nov. and Tryonia minckleyi sp. nov. A. Holotype, T. chuviscarae, USNM 873270. B. Male shell, T. chuviscarae, USNM 1153669. C. Male shell, T. chuviscarae, USNM 1001750. D. Holotype, T. minckleyi, USNM 1001751. E. Male shell, T. minckleyi, USNM 1153673. F–G. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. chuviscarae, USNM 1001750. H–I. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. minckleyi, USNM 1153673. J. Portion of radular ribbon, T. chuviscarae, USNM 001750. K. Central radular teeth, T. chuviscarae, USNM 1001750. L. Lateral and inner marginal teeth, T. chuviscarae, USNM 1001750. M. Portion of radular ribbon, T. minckleyi, USNM 1153673. N. Central radular teeth, T. minckleyi, USNM 1153673. O. Lateral tooth, T. minckleyi, USNM 1153673. Scale bars A–E = 1.0 mm, F–I = 100 µm, J–O = 10 µm.
FIGURE 4 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 4. Tryonia peregrina sp. nov. and Tryonia zaragozae sp. nov. A. Holotype, T. peregrina, USNM 874032. B–D. Shells, T. peregrina, USNM 873288 (C and D are males). E. Holotype, T. zaragozae, USNM 873286. F–G. Male shells, T. zaragozae, USNM 874120. H–I. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. peregrina, USNM 1153677. J–K. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. zaragozae, USNM 1153679. L. Apical view of shell showing spiral sculpture on teleoconch, T. zaragozae, USNM 1153679. M. Portion of radular ribbon, T. peregrina, USNM 1153677. N. Central radular teeth, T. peregrina, USNM 1153677. O. Lateral tooth, T. peregrina, USNM 1153677. P. Portion of radular ribbon, T. zaragozae, USNM 1153679. Q. Central radular teeth, T. zaragozae, USNM 1153679. R. Lateral tooth, T. zaragozae, USNM 1153679. Scale bars A–G = 1.0 mm, H–L = 250 µm, M, P = 25 µm, N–O, Q–R = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 3. Tryonia peregrina sp. nov. A. Prostate gland (viewed from left side), USNM 1153677. B–C. Female brood pouch and associated structures (B, viewed from left side, embryos not shown; C, close-up of sperm pouches and associated ducts), USNM 1153677. Scale bars A = 250 µm, B–C = 500 µm. Ag = albumen gland, Avd = anterior section of vas deferens, Bp = brood pouch, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cov = coiled oviduct, Pvd = posterior section of vas deferens, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity; Sdu, sperm duct; Sr, seminal receptacle; St, sperm tube.
FIGURE 7 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 7. Tryonia ovata sp. nov. and Tryonia angosturae sp. nov. A. Holotype, T. ovata, USNM 873264. B. Male shell, T. ovata, UTEP 977. C. Holotype, T. angosturae, USNM 873259. D–E. Shells, T. ovata, USNM 1153668 (E is a male). F–G. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. ovata, USNM 1153676. H–I. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. angosturae, USNM 1153688. J. Portion of radular ribbon, T. ovata, USNM 1153676. K. Central radular teeth, T. ovata, USNM 1153676. L. Lateral and inner marginal teeth, T. ovata, USNM 1153676. M. Portion of radular ribbon, T. angosturae, USNM 1153688. N. Central radular teeth, T. angosturae, USNM 1153688. O. Lateral and inner marginal teeth, T. angosturae, USNM 115368. Scale bars A–E = 1.0 mm, F–I = 250 µm, J, M = 25 µm, K–L, M–O = 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 1. Map showing the distribution of Tryonia species in the Chihuahuan Desert. 1. Tryonia hertleini, Las Palomas. 2. Tryonia peregrina sp. nov., Ojo Vareleño, northwest of Casas Grandes. 3. Tryonia peregrina sp. nov., Yepomera. 4. Tryonia zaragozae sp. nov., northeast of Ignacio Zaragoza. 5. Tryonia angostura sp. nov., T. ovata sp. nov., south of Galeana. 6. Tryonia molinae sp. nov., El Molino. 7. Tryonia taylori sp. nov., vicinity of Rancho Ojo Caliente. 8. Tryonia contrerasi sp. nov., vicinity of Rancho Nuevo. 9. Tryonia chuviscarae sp. nov., T. minckleyi sp. nov., Balneario de San Diego de Alcala. 10. Tryonia julimesensis sp. nov., south of Julimes. 11. Tryonia allendae sp. nov., southwest of Talamantes. 12. Tryonia metcalfi sp. nov., La Cienega, south of Candelaria. 13. Tryonia oasiensis sp. nov., Caroline Spring, Oasis Ranch. 14. Tryonia cheatumi, Phantom Lake Spring. 15. Tryonia circumstriata, Diamond Y Draw. 16. Tryonia seemani, Ojo de Agua del Obispo, Durango City. 17. Tryonia seemani, Nombre de Dios. 18. Tryonia seemani, Amado Nervo.
FIGURE 6 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 6. Photographs of habitats of species treated in this paper. A. Ojo Vareleño, Chihuahua, type locality of T. peregrina sp. nov. (photograph taken on 16/ix/1990). B. Main spring in Yepomera, Chihuahua, T. peregrina habitat (18/ix/1990). C. Springs northeast of Ignacio Zaragoza, Chihuaua, type locality of T. zaragozae sp. nov. (8/xii/1998). D. Western-most head spring, Ojos de Arrey, Chihuahua, type locality of T. angosturae sp. nov. and T. ovata sp. nov. (7/xii/1998). E. Spring in northern part of El Molino, Chihuahua, type locality of T. molinae sp. nov. (26/iv/2010). F. Ojo del Apache, Chihuahua, type locality of T. contrerasi sp. nov. (14/xii/1998). G. Ojo Carbonero, Chihuahua, T. contrerasi habitat (2/iv/1991). H. Outflow of Ojo Caliente, Chihuahua, type locality of T. taylori sp. nov. (7/ xii/1998). I–J. El Ojo de Servin, Chihuahua, T.taylori habitat (27-viii-1971, 7/xii/1998, respectively). K. Seeps in La Cienega, Texas, type locality of T. metcalfi sp. nov. (6/xii/2001). L–M. Balneario de San Diego de Alcala, Chihuahua, type locality of T. chuviscarae sp. nov. and T. minckleyi sp. nov. (4/xii/2001). N. Springs southeast of Julimes, Chihuahua, type locality of T. julimesensis sp. nov. (5/ iv/1991). O. El Ojito (outflow), southwest of Talamantes, Chihuahua, type locality of T. allendae sp. nov. (10/xii/1998). P. Caroline Spring, Oasis Ranch, Texas, type locality of T. oasiensis sp. nov. (30/iii/2009). Q. Spring in Nombre de Dios, Durango, T. seemani habitat (2/ix/1971). R. Spring in Amado Nervo, Durango, T. seemani habitat (7/iv/1991).
FIGURE 9 in New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 9. Tryonia taylori sp. nov and T. metcalfi sp. nov. A. Holotype, T. taylori, USNM 873254. B. Male shell, T. taylori, USNM 1153678. C–D. Shells, T. taylori, USNM 873283 (D is a male). E. Holotype, T. metcalfi, USNM 1001931. F. Shell, T. metcalfi, USNM 1153672. G–I. Operculum (outer, inner, inner sides), T. taylori, USNM 1153678. J–K. Operculum (outer, inner sides), T. metcalfi, USNM 1153672. L. Portion of radular ribbon, T. taylori, USNM 1153678. M. Central radular teeth, T. taylori, USNM 1153678. N. Lateral tooth, T. taylori, USNM 1153678. O. Portion of radular ribbon, T. metcalfi, USNM 1153672. P. Central radular teeth, T. metcalfi, USNM 1153672. Q. Lateral teeth, T. metcalfi, USNM 1153672. Scale bars A–F = 1.0 mm; G–K = 250 µm; L, O = 25 µm, M–N, P–Q = 10 µm.
FIGURE 13 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 13. Dendogram based on Bray-Curtis similarity for the South African sponge fauna of 35 coastal sections based on the predicted dataset.
FIGURE 7 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 7. Comparison between regional species diversity (total number of species collected in each region = predicted data; = actual data), endemism (number of unique species in each region) and effort with regions arbitrary sorted on increasing species diversity.
FIGURE 14 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 14. Two-dimensional ordination plot based on the predictive species composition of the 35 coastal sections.
FIGURE 4 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 4. Species accumulation curve for the coastal sections around South Africa as delineated in Fig. 1.
FIGURE 10 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 10. Comparison between regional species diversity patterns of total number of species collected (actual) in each region vs. predictive species pattern in each region (results of ANOVA between the two datasets for species diversity is p=0.01). The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two datasets (P <0.05) for species richness, and therefore indicate that the true species patterns are what are reflected by the interpolated (or predicted) dataset.
FIGURE 12 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 12. Two-dimensional ordination plot based on the actual species composition of the 35 coastal sections. Datapoint 1 (sector 1) was deleted and reanalyzed to better represent the patterns within the main cluster group.
FIGURE 2 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 2. Summary diagramme indicating South African marine biogeographic provinces as previously outlined by a) Stephenson and Stephenson (1972); b) Brown and Jarman (1978); c) Emanuel et al., (1992); d) Branch and Branch (1981), Field and Griffiths (1991); e) Prochazka (1994); f) Turpie et al., (2000); g) Day et al., (1981); h) Whitfield (1994).
FIGURE 1 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 1. Map of South Africa showing the 35 sectors used as a method of geographical comparison (adapted from Millard, 1978 and Williams, 1992).
FIGURE 6 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 6. Regression analysis comparing (log) number of endemics species and predicted species richness for 35 coastal sections
FIGURE 11 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 11. Dendogram based on Bray-Curtis similarity for the South African sponge fauna of 35 coastal section based on the actual dataset.
FIGURE 9 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 9. Distribution of sponge species richness and endemicity based on the predictive dataset around South Africa on the coastal units shown in Fig. 1.
FIGURE 3 in Biodiversity " hotspots ", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
FIGURE 3. Distribution of sponge species richness and endemicity based on the actual dataset around South Africa on the coastal units shown in Fig. 1.
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