Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURES 97–102 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 97–102. Cyrnopsis tangaron, new species, holotype. 97—head, dorsal; 98—right wings; 99—genitalia, left lateral; 100—genitalia, dorsal; 101 —genitalia, ventral; 102—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

FIGURES 53–55 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 53–55. Polyplectropus palma, new species, holotype. 53—genitalia, left lateral; 54—left gonopod, ventral; 55—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

FIGURES 45–47 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 45–47. Polyplectropus pairavatika, new species, holotype. 45—genitalia, left lateral; 46—left gonopod, ventral; 47—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

FIGURES 51–52 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 51–52. Polyplectropus coronivia, new species, holotype. 51—genitalia, left lateral; 52—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

FIGURES 41–44 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 41–44. Polyplectropus trigonius Zhong, Yang, & Morse, 2008. 41—genitalia, left lateral; 42—genitalia, dorsal; 43—left gonopod, ventral; 44—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

FIGURES 48–50 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 48–50. Polyplectropus vanuatu, new species, holotype. 48—genitalia, left lateral; 49—left gonopod, ventral; 50—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

FIGURES 64–68 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 64–68. Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) hotay, new species, holotype. 64—genitalia, left lateral; 65—genitalia, dorsal; 66 —gonopods, ventral; 67—phallic apparatus, left lateral; 68—phallic apparatus, ventral.

FIGURES 61–63 in Generic review of Polycentropodidae with description of 32 new species and 19 new species records from the Oriental, Australian and Afrotropical Biogeographical Regions 2435

FIGURES 61–63. Polyplectropus wainimbuk, new species, holotype. 61—genitalia, left lateral; 62—left gonopod, ventral; 63—phallic apparatus, left lateral.

opennotspecifiedAug 2021View details →

FIGURE 1 in Toward a biogeographic regionalization of the Nearctic region: Area nomenclature and digital map

FIGURE 1. Map of the regionalization of the Nearctic region, including three subregions, one transition zone and 29 provinces.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Regional climates shape the biogeographic history of a broadly distributed freshwater crab species complex

Aim: The evolutionary importance of paleoclimate regimes has been noted in biogeographic studies. However, little is known about how paleoclimate differences shaped the biogeographic pattern and diversification history of the freshwater fauna in important zoogeographical boundary regions. Here, we aim to investigate how past regional climatic differences have shaped the biogeographic history of the inland aquatic fauna in China using an endemic freshwater crab species complex found on both sides of the Qinling Mountains–Huaihe River Line (QHL), a critical ecological boundary in eastern China, as a model system. Location: Eastern China, the Qinling Mountains–Huaihe River Line. Taxon: The Sinopotamon yangtsekiense species complex. Methods: A total of 482 individuals of Sinopotamon yangtsekiense sensu lato were collected from 34 localities throughout its entire distributional range. The phylogeographic analyses of population structure, morphological and genetic variations, and demographic dynamics were made based on multiple mtDNA and nuDNA loci and on morphological traits. Fine-tuned ecological niche modeling was used to reconstruct the location of climatically suitable areas that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum. Results: The divergence of two freshwater crab lineages across the QHL correlated with significant past variations in monsoon intensity and with the location of multiple refuges. The divergence time was broadly consistent with the timing of the critical paleoclimate transition event in the mid-Pleistocene (95% HPD, 0.48–1.06 Ma). Each freshwater crab lineage has evolved distinct male genital traits associated with their isolation in areas with different precipitation rates and temperatures in the past. The patterns of crab distribution observed today reflect past contractions of the two lineages in response to glacial and interglacial cycles during the Pleistocene, followed by their subsequent rapid expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum (~15 kya). Main conclusions: Populations of the widespread species Sinopotamon yangtsekiense s.l. experienced a deep division in the past that led to the phylogeographical isolation observed today. The two main drivers of genetic isolation in this taxon were (a) differences in the intensity of the monsoons on each side of the QHL boundary during the mid-Pleistocene, and (b) isolation of different populations of S. yangtsekiense s.l. in a number of separate refuges during the LGM.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Diversification dynamics in the Neotropics through time, clades and biogeographic regions

The origins and evolution of the outstanding Neotropical biodiversity are a matter of intense debate. A comprehensive understanding is hindered by the lack of deep-time comparative data across wide phylogenetic and ecological contexts. Here, we quantify the prevailing diversification trajectories and drivers of Neotropical diversification in a sample of 150 phylogenies (12,512 species) of seed plants and tetrapods and assess their variation across Neotropical regions and taxa. Analyses indicate that Neotropical diversity has mostly expanded through time (70% of the clades), while scenarios of saturated and declining diversity account for 21% and 9% of Neotropical diversity, respectively. Five biogeographic areas are identified as distinctive units of long-term Neotropical evolution, including Pan-Amazonia, the Dry Diagonal, and Bahama-Antilles. Diversification dynamics do not differ across these areas, suggesting no geographic structure in long-term Neotropical diversification. In contrast, diversification dynamics differ across taxa: plant diversity mostly expanded through time (88%), while a substantial fraction (43%) of tetrapod diversity accumulated at a slower pace or declined toward the present. These opposite evolutionary patterns may reflect different capacities for plants and tetrapods to cope with past climate changes

opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region

Figure 2. Minimum-spanning haplotype networks of Allopaa hazarensis generated for 16S and COI sequence data with the number of used sequences, detected haplotypes, and the level of nucleotide variability. Symbol sizes reflect haplotype frequencies, and a small black line between two haplotypes corresponds to one mutation step. Sequence-IDs are indicated for each haplotype (h1–h8). Map shows the localities from where the respective haplotypes originate.

opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

Figure 3 in Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region

Figure 3. Distribution map for Allopaa hazarensis (A) and Chrysopaa sternosignata (B) derived from species distribution model (SDM) using MAXENT, including known records of the species (red = A. hazarensis, green = C. sternosignata). Photo credit: D. Jablonski.

opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region

Figure 1. Bayesian inference (BI; left) and maximum likelihood tree (ML; right) based on concatenated mtDNA and nDNA sequence data (16S + COI + Rag1) of the tribe Paini. Numbers at branch nodes refer to posterior probabilities ≥ 0.9 (BI tree), as well as Felsenstein's bootstrap values ≥ 70% and transfer bootstrap expectation ≥ 0.9 (ML tree). Branches of Allopaa hazarensis are indicated red, while Chrysopaa sternosignata is highlighted green. Species names are followed by voucher number (if available). Coloured shaded boxes indicate subgroups of Nanorana and the new clade (in yellow) with so far unidentified specimens.

FIGURE 4 in A flower in paradise: citizen science helps to discover Thismia paradisiaca (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia

FIGURE 4. Pollen morphology of Thismia paradisiaca; LM (A–D) and SEM (E–H) images. A. pollen grain without fuchsin staining (showing amb circular and thin intectate exine). B–D. Fuchsin-stained pollen grains (showing psilate sculpture and a single simple circular pore). E–F. Pollen grains (showing an amb circular to slightly elliptic, spherical shape and a single pore) H. Dehydrated pollen grains.

FIGURE 1 in A flower in paradise: citizen science helps to discover Thismia paradisiaca (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia

FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago GuzmánGuzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C).

FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3 in A flower in paradise: citizen science helps to discover Thismia paradisiaca (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia

FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán & E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo.

FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C in A flower in paradise: citizen science helps to discover Thismia paradisiaca (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia

FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F).

publicJun 2013View details →

Data from: Biogeographic regions of North American mammals based on endemism

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.