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FIGURE 2. Myxinidocotyle eptatreti n in A new species of Myxinidocotyle (Monogenea: Acanthocotylidae: Myxinidocotylinae) from captive sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema (Chordata: Myxinidae), with amendment of the subfamily diagnosis
FIGURE 2. Myxinidocotyle eptatreti n. sp. A. Marginal hook. B. Pharynx. C. Male accessory gland reservoirs with ducts. Abbreviations: dar, distal male accessory gland reservoir; du, ducts leading to male accessory gland reservoirs; eg, egg; mct, male copulatory tube; par, proximal male accessory gland reservoir (other abbreviations as for Figure 1). Scale bars: A. 15 μm, B. 100 μm, C. 200 μm.
FIGURE 1. Myxinidocotyle eptatreti n in A new species of Myxinidocotyle (Monogenea: Acanthocotylidae: Myxinidocotylinae) from captive sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema (Chordata: Myxinidae), with amendment of the subfamily diagnosis
FIGURE 1. Myxinidocotyle eptatreti n. sp. Whole mount, ventral view. Abbreviations: ag, anterior gland; al, anterior lobe; cap, confluent adhesive protuberances; cent, central anterior protuberance; eb, excretory bladder; go, gland opening; ha, haptor; hg, haptoral gland; i, intestinal caecum; m, mouth; mag, field of male accessory gland cells; p, pharynx; pc, field of pigmented cells with granular appearance; pg, cluster of pharyngeal gland cells; pha, pseudohaptor; pp, pharyngeal papilla; rt, raised anterior portion of tegument; tgc, tegumental gland cells with ducts; tr, transverse ridge; vf, vitelline follicle. Scale bar = 500 μm.
Fig. 3 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 3. Comparison of maximum lifting strength between Odontotaenius disjunctus with and without Chondronema passali across three weeks of study. Whiskers above and below means represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 4 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 4. Patterns of weight loss in Odontotaenius disjunctus with or without Chondronema passali across three weeks of study. Beetles lost 11% of their initial body mass when placed in captivity (A), which was not fully regained at the end of three weeks. Parasitized beetles tended to lose less mass than did non-parasitized beetles; this effect was not significant at Week 1 (B), but was significant at Week 3 (C). Whiskers above and below means in A represent standard errors; those in B and C represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 1 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 1. Depiction of lifting force measurement in this study. Beetles were positioned under a vertically mounted force gauge, using pins on either side of their body (A). The experimenter gently tapped the elytra which stimulated upward lifting. Force readings (B) were obtained over a five-minute period, and the maximum reading was retained for analyses. Further details of this device and procedure are given by (Davis 2014).
Fig. 2 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 2. Relationship between body size (initial body mass) and maximum lifting strength (at Week 1) in Odontotaenius disjunctus.
Data and code for "Wild and captive immature orang-utans differ in their non-vocal communication with others, but not with their mothers"
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Figure 3 in Trophic discrimination factors and stable isotope variability in a captive feeding trial of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Tasmania, Australia
Figure 3. Isoplot showing the fit of different trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) to a wild population of Jasus edwardsii (■) and associated wild prey sources: Haliotis rubra (▲), Heliocidaris erythrogramma (■), and Lunella undulata (●), demonstrating that our experimentally derived TDFs provide the best fit. Black dots represent the isotope signatures of individual dorsal-muscle samples of lobsters. Mean and standard deviation values refer to the three source signatures with no TDF correction, with correction using multi-taxa TDFs from the literature (∆13C 0.4‰ and ∆15N 3.4‰ (Post, 2002)) and previously determined TDFs for J. edwardsii (∆13C 0.84‰ and ∆15N 3.28‰ (Suring & Wing, 2009)), with correction using our experimentally determined dorsal muscle TDFs (∆13C 4.45‰ and ∆15N 4.36‰), and correction with our experimentally determined leg muscle TDFs (∆13C 3.86‰ and ∆15N 5.05‰).
Figure 1 in Trophic discrimination factors and stable isotope variability in a captive feeding trial of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Tasmania, Australia
Figure 1. Correlation plots showing the relationship between samples of captive Jasus edwardsii leg muscle and dorsal muscle (N = 34) for δ13C (A) and δ15N (B).
Figure 2 in Trophic discrimination factors and stable isotope variability in a captive feeding trial of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Tasmania, Australia
Figure 2. Change in mean (± SE) isotopic signatures over time for captive Jasus edwardsii in three diet treatments: sea urchin (●), fish (▲), and mussel (■). Plots show change in δ13C (A) and change in δ15N (B). Solid lines represent lobster muscle tissue as represented by a leg-muscle icon, and dashed lines represent lobster exoskeleton as represented by a red-leg exoskeleton icon. Dotted lines represent the mean diet isotope + trophic discrimination factor (TDF) calculated as of 12 months. All mean values have a minimum sample size of five replicates except for the following samples: 4-month mussel (N = 4), 18-month fish (N = 4), and 18-month mussel (N = 3). For lethal samples (initial, 12, and 18 monts), exoskeleton samples are the mean of leg and dorsal samples where both were collected. Exoskeleton samples are only leg samples for non-lethal samples.
Data from: Plasticity and the structural characteristics of personality traits in captive-reared Japanese quail during ontogeny
<p>This dataset contains the measurements of different personality traits in a study on Japanese quail.</p>
Exploration speed in captivity predicts foraging tactics and diet in free-living red knots
<p>Variation in foraging tactics and diet are usually attributed to differences in morphology, experience, and prey availability. Recently, consistent individual differences in behaviour (personality) have been shown to be associated with foraging strategies. Bolder or more exploratory individuals are predicted to have a faster pace-of-life and offset the costs of moving more or in risky areas, with higher energetic gains by encountering profitable foraging opportunities and prey. However, the relationship between personality, foraging, and diet is poorly understood.</p> <p>We investigated how exploratory behaviour in red knots (<em>Calidris canutus</em><i>) </i>is associated with foraging tactics and diet by combining laboratory experiments, field observations, and stable isotope analysis. First, we developed a mobile experimental arena to measure exploration speed in controlled settings. We validated the method by repeated testing of individuals over time and contexts. This setup allowed us to measure exploratory personality at the field site, eliminating the need to bring birds into captivity for long periods of time. After releasing birds within days of their capture, we asked whether exploration speed was associated with differences in foraging tactics and diet in the wild.</p> <p>We found that tactile foraging red knots mainly caught hard-shelled prey that are buried in the sediment, whereas visual foraging knots only captured soft preys located close to or on the surface. We also found that faster explorers showed a higher percentage of visual foraging than slower explorers. By contrast, morphology (bill length and gizzard size) had no significant effect on foraging tactics. Diet analysis based on δ15N and δ13C stable isotope values of plasma and red blood cells confirmed our field observations with slower explorers mainly consumed hard-shelled prey while faster explorers consumed more soft than hard-shelled prey.</p> <p>Our results show that foraging tactics and diet are associated with a personality trait, independent of morphological differences. We discuss how consistent behaviour might develop early in life through positive feedbacks between foraging tactics, prey type, and foraging efficiency.</p>
Videos belonging to Manuscript:"Prior experience of captivity affects behavioural responses to 'novel' environments"
<p>Three one minute video clips to show the different behaviours measured on wild caught great tits (<em>Parus major</em>):</p> <p>1) in the exploration room (RoomExploration_1minclip_bird676935V)</p> <p>2) in the exploration cage (Exploration_cage_1minclip_G373)</p> <p>3) the social response behaviour towards a mirror (Mirror_cage_1minclip_G373)</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Ethics</em></p> <p>All experiments complied with Finnish law on animal experimentations. Permits for the capture and use of great tits in experiments were granted by the Central Finland Centre for Economic Development Transport and Environment (ELY; VARELY/294/2015) and licensed from the National Animal Experiment Board (ESAVI/9114/04.10.07/2014).</p>
Raw data for: Captivating color: evidence for optimal stimulus design in a polymorphic prey lure
<p><span>Many species – humans included – employ color as an instrument of deception. One intriguing example of this resides in the conspicuous abstract color patterns displayed on the bodies of female orb weaving spiders. These displays increase prey interception rates and thereby function at least as visual lures. Their chromatic properties however vary extensively, both across and within species, with discrete forms often co-existing in the manner of a stable polymorphism. Variation is principally expressed in terms of signal hue (color <em>per se</em>), but it is unclear how attractiveness scales with this property and if extant morphs are maximally attractive relative to a graded range of potential alternatives. We examined these questions by assessing catch rates among color-manipulated females of the dimorphic jeweled spider <em>Gasteracantha fornicata</em> in their natural webs. The manipulation altered dorsal appearance in a manner akin to adding six new variants of their existing white/yellow phenotypes. This magnified the natural variation in stimulus hue independently of chroma (saturation) across a range spanning most of the color spectrum. Catch rate varied across treatments in simple accordance with how greatly stimulus hue deviated from either of the two extant spider phenotypes. Predictions based upon fly-perceived chromatic and achromatic background contrast were clearly unsupported despite dipterans constituting ~60 % of identifiable prey. This study supports the importance of signal coloration <em>per se</em> in </span><em><span>G. fornicata</span></em><span> and suggests that </span><span>extant lure phenotypes reside in a broadly optimal spectral range for stimulating their aggregate prey community.</span></p>
Effect of captivity on the vertebral bone microstructure of Xenarthran mammals
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Captive specimens in museum collections facilitate study of rare taxa, but the lifestyles, diets, and lifespans of captive animals differ from their wild counter- parts. Trabecular bone architecture adapts to in vivo forces, and may reflect interspecific variation in ecology and behavior as well as intraspecific variation between captive and wild specimens. We compared trunk vertebrae bone microstructure in captive and wild xenarthran mammals to test the effects of ecology and captivity. We collected μCT scans of the last six presacral vertebrae in 13 fossorial, terrestrial, and suspensorial xenarthran species (body mass: 120 g to 35 kg). For each vertebra, we measured centrum length; bone volume fraction (BV.TV); trabecular number and mean thickness (Tb.Th); global com- pactness (GC); cross-sectional area; mean intercept length; star length distribu- tion; and connectivity and connectivity density. Wild specimens have more robust trabeculae, but this varies with species, ecology, and pathology. Wild specimens of fossorial taxa (Dasypus) have more robust trabeculae than cap- tives, but there is no clear difference in bone microstructure between wild and captive specimens of suspensorial taxa (Bradypus, Choloepus), suggesting that locomotor ecology influences the degree to which captivity affects bone micro- structure. Captive Tamandua and Myrmecophaga have higher BV.TV, Tb.Th, and GC than their wild counterparts due to captivity-caused bone pathologies. Our results add to the understanding of variation in mammalian bone micro- structure, suggest caution when including captive specimens in bone micro- structure research, and indicate the need to better replicate the habitats, diets, and behavior of animals in captivity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (captive) Australian Reptile Park, New South Wales, Australia. Photo: Roland Seitre/ Minden Pictures/ASA in Ornithorhynchidae
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (captive) Australian Reptile Park, New South Wales, Australia. Photo: Roland Seitre/ Minden Pictures/ASA
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, and E Cambodia (E of the Mekong River), the precise W limit of the distribution is uncertain, but it appears to be absent (or at least very scarce) in the extreme W of the Mekong plain; records from S China (SE Yunnan Province) are uncertain and may be based merely on released captives brought in from elsewhere. in Lorisidae
Distribution. Laos, Vietnam, and E Cambodia (E of the Mekong River), the precise W limit of the distribution is uncertain, but it appears to be absent (or at least very scarce) in the extreme W of the Mekong plain; records from S China (SE Yunnan Province) are uncertain and may be based merely on released captives brought in from elsewhere.
Macrotis lagotis (captive) Alice Springs Desert Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo: Auscape/UlG/age fotostock in Thylacomyidae
Macrotis lagotis (captive) Alice Springs Desert Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo: Auscape/UlG/age fotostock
Data and R-code belonging to Manuscript: "Prior experience of captivity affects behavioural responses to 'novel' environments"
<p>Data and R-code belonging to Manuscript:"Prior experience of captivity affects behavioural responses to 'novel' environments" </p> <p>1) the data can be found in an excel file named: datafile_explorationGT2022.xlsx</p> <p>2) the R-code used to do the analysis in the MS can be found in an R-markdown file: Rmd_file_MS_GTexploration_R2.Rmd</p>
Cleopatre captive
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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