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239 results for “cheilostomes”
Figure 16 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan
Figure 16. Parasmittina soulesi Scholz and Cusi, NSMT-Te 1097: (a) marginal autozooids, showing alyrulate orifice (bottom centre) and orifice with weakly developed lyrula (right); (b) orifice with welldeveloped lyrula; (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) periancestrular zooids (one distal, two distolateral, and two proximolateral; ancestrula obscured, but very broad lyrula evident. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; c, d = 250 µm.
Figure 22 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan
Figure 22. Stylopoma duboisii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1129: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice; (c) autozooids and ovicells; (d) oblique view of ovicell, showing aperture. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 100 µm.
Figure 18 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan
Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm.
Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan
Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm.
Figure 21 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan
Figure 21. Stephanotheca fenestricella sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1124 (holotype): (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; (b) orifices and suboral avicularia; (c) enlargement of orifice; note weakly denticulate condyles; (d) colony margin, showing uniporous septula in transverse walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 150 µm; c = 50 µm; d = 200 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceió, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina
FIGURE 1. Map showing sampling area (black triangles on the map of Alagoas coast).
Paleozoic origins of cheilostome bryozoans and their parental care inferred by a new genome-skimmed phylogeny
<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p class="MsoNormal">Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data for 395 cheilostomes and combine these with 315 published sequences to infer relationships and the timing of key events among c. 500 cheilostome species. We find that named cheilostome genera and species are phylogenetically coherent, rendering fossil or contemporary specimens readily delimited using only skeletal morphology. Our phylogeny shows that parental care in the form of brooding evolved several times independently but was never lost in cheilostomes. Our fossil calibration, robust to varied assumptions, indicates that the cheilostome lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossil record of cheilostomes in the Late Jurassic.</p> </div> </div> </div>
Figures 1–3 in Some bathyal cheilostome Bryozoa (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the Canary Islands (Spain, Eastern Atlantic), with descriptions of three new species, a new genus, and a new family
Figures 1–3. Alderina canariensis sp. n., holotype (MNCN 25.03/3722). (1) Autozooids and one ovicell, which has the ectooecium fully calcified. (2) Ovicell with frontal area of uncalcified ectooecium. The opesia (k.op.) and one dietella (k.d.) of the underlying kenozooid are also shown. (3) Ancestrula (a) and first zooids.
Figure 9. A, B in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 9. A, B, Stichomicropora baccata (Canu & Bassler), Maastrichtian, Tennessee, USA, USNM 69954. A, ovicell with spines intact; note lateral foramina opening above facets in cryptocysts of the two neighbouring autozooids. B, ovicell with spines broken off to reveal gymnocystal floor. C-E, Stichomicropora sp. 6. C, D, Maastrichtian, North Carolina, USA, NHM BZ4859. C, part of colony with numerous ovicells. D, ovicell with spines intact. E, two damaged ovicells; Maastrichtian, Alabama, USA, NHM BZ4796. F, Stichomicropora sp. 7, broken ovicell showing the floor and lateral facets; Maastrichtian, North Carolina, USA, NHM BZ4186. Scale bars: A, B, D–F = 100 Mm; C = 1 mm.
Figure 24 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 24. Schematic diagrams showing the shape of the mural rim and positioning of ovicell spine bases in frontal aspect; number of spines in Stichomicropora is approximate. Note that variable species may appear more than once. A, Stichomicropora sp. 1. B, S. oceani. C, Stichomicropora sp. 6. D, Stichomicropora sp. 1, S. sicksi and S. sulcata. E, S. oceani, Stichomicropora sp. 3, and Stichomicropora sp. 5. F, Stichomicropora sp. 6 and S. baccata. G, Stichomicropora spp. 1, 2 and 4, S. sicksi, S. sulcata, S. erecta, S. biconstricta, S. cf. clathrata and S. punctilla. H, S. marginula, Stichomicropora sp. 3; I, Distelopora bipilata and D. langi. J, Stichomicropora spp. 6 and 7, S. baccata, S. subquadrata, Monoporella spp. 1 and 2, M. prisca, M. nodulifera, and M. exculpta. K, Gilbertopora larwoodi or Wilbertopora mutabilis. L, Distelopora bipilata. M, Monoporella multilamellosa and M.? vincentownensis. N,?Thoracopora sp. and Craticulacella schneemilchae. O, Leptocheilopora tenuilabrosa, Leptocheilopora sp. 1, and Leptocheilopora sp. 2. P, Distelopora spinifera and Unidistelopora krauseae. R, Macropora spp.
Figure 18. A-C, Leptocheilopora tenuilabrosa Lang. A in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 18. A-C, Leptocheilopora tenuilabrosa Lang. A, group of zooids and an ovicell (centre); Santonian, Hampshire, England, NHM D21210. B, complete ovicell, showing costae; Santonian, Sussex, England, NHM D28892. C, broken ovicell; Santonian, Hampshire, England, NHM D21210. D-F, Leptocheilopora sp. 1, Campanian, Norfolk, England, NHM D55505. D, three broken ovicells and a heterozooid with an enlarged orifice (right centre). E, complete ovicell. F, another complete ovicell. Scale bars: A = 500 Mm; B, C, E, F = 100 Mm; D = 200 Mm.
Figure 8. A-C in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 8. A-C, Stichomicropora sp. 3, Coniacian, Kent, England, NHM D4125. A, group of ovicellate and nonovicellate zooids; note closure plates sealing zooids in bottom left. B, ovicell represented by a gently convex line of spine bases of which the innermost are aligned along the mural rim of the distal zooid. C, another ovicell with spine bases arranged in a straighter line. D, Stichomicropora sp. 4, worn specimen with distally convex arches of two broken ovicells (centre and top centre); Coniacian, Luton, England, NHM D8185. E, F, Stichomicropora sp. 5, Cenomanian, Devon, England, NHM D55618. E, group of zooids with an ovicell (bottom right). F, ovicell spine bases arranged in a straight line along the mural rim of the distal zooid, except for the two most lateral spine bases which are more proximally placed and separated from the mural rim. Scale bars: A, E = 250 Mm; B, C = 50 Mm; D, F = 100 Mm.
Figure 19. A-D in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 19. A-D, Leptocheilopora sp. 2. Lower Maastrichtian, Norfolk, England. A, group of zooids with complete and broken ovicells; NHM BZ5206. B, broken ovicells, that in the centre associated with an intramurally budded reparative zooid; NHM BZ5205. C, complete ovicell; NHM BZ5204. D, the same ovicell at higher magnification, showing apparent lateral fusions between costae. E, F, Leptocheilopora magna Lang, Campanian, Norfolk, England, NHM BZ5207. E, broken ovicell, showing horizontal slit. F, another broken ovicell. Scale bars: A = 500 Mm; B = 200 Mm; C, E, F = 100 Mm; D = 50 Mm.
Paleozoic origins of cheilostome bryozoans and their parental care inferred by a new genome-skimmed phylogeny
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FIGURE 21 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden
FIGURE 21. Camptoplites tubifera Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 2460B, Japan. A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of an autozooid emanating from the connecting branch tube. C. Close-up of ovicellate zooids with pedunculate avicularia of two types, narrow and elongate and rounded. D, E. Close-ups of rounded avicularia. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, E = 200 µm; C = 500 µm.
FIGURE 11 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden
FIGURE 11. Chaperiopsis boninensis (Silén, 1941). Holotype UPSZTY 2464, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Group of zooids with branched, cervicorn spines. B. Group of zooids showing the distal and the proximal stalked avicularia. Scale bars 120 µm.
FIGURE 19 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden
FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm.
FIGURE 4. Fatkullina imitata n in Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae
FIGURE 4. Fatkullina imitata n. sp. A–C, E, F, paratype 1 ZIRAS 2/50662; D, holotype ZIRAS 1/50661. Intracolonial polymorphism. A. Strongly distended zooids in elevated colony center, with proportionally elongated and elevated distal (preoral) frontal wall terminating with conical and bulbous solid umbones (arrowheads). B. Two neighboring zooids, each bearing distal (preoral) conical knob (arrowheads), with lateral boundary occluded by secondary calcification, indicated by enlarged infundibular pseudopores; note minute shortened distal suture line separating preoral areas. C. Two oppositely orientated zooids with strongly swollen frontal shields and orifices shifted to the top of frontal surface. D. Irregularly hexagonal, flattened, uniformly perforated kenozooid with undulating margins, surrounded by six autozooids. E. Colony area comprising mixed kenozooids and autozooids; note irregular shape of flattened kenozooids possessing strongly reduced orificial areas remaining in form of larger frontal pseudopores (left to central kenozooids) or two minor pseudopores (right kenozooid). F. Colony area fully represented by flattened kenozooids with orifices constricted or closed by calcified cylindrical or mammiform projections with tiny circular to slit-like openings at their apices. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Fatkullina imitata n. sp., second species of a unique cheilostome bryozoan genus with reversed-polarity zooidal budding, and new family Fatkullinidae
FIGURE 1. General view of dried colonies of Fatkullina imitata n. sp. (A–D) and F. paradoxa Grischenko, Gordon & Taylor, 1998 (E). A, B, specimens R.V. Professor Kizevetter 2015, Stn 73; C, D, specimens paratype 8 NIWA 127751; E, specimen R.V. Professor Probatov 2013, Stn 5, 16 June 2013, 57.41694° N, 156.51806° E, 27 m, pebbles, sand, silt. A, B. Colonies encrusting pebbles. C, D. Colonies encrusting external (C), and internal (D) surface of shell fragment of Chlamys sp. E. Colony encrusting internal surface of bivalve shell fragment of Serripes sp., surrounded by other encrusting bryozoan species. Scale bars: 5 mm.
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