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573 results for “chewing”
FIGURES 6–9. Myrsidea new species, habitus. Myrsidea habiae n in Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species
FIGURES 6–9. Myrsidea new species, habitus. Myrsidea habiae n. sp.: 6, female; 7, male. Myrsidea sayacae n. sp.: 8, female; 9, male.
FIGURE 6 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 6. The most parsimonious reconstruction of the morphological characters used for phylogenetic estimation. Numbers before colon indicate character number (see Table 1), and character state changes are indicated after colon. Autapomorphies on the terminal branches are omitted from the figure.
FIGURE 5 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 5. Strict consensus of the most parsimonious trees estimated from the data matrix of 118 morphological characters, showing placement of Archipsyllidae: Mydiognathus. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values.
FIGURE 7 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 7. Phylogeny and chronology of Paraneoptera including the placement of Archipsyllidae. Gray branches indicates uncertainty of divergence age (Misof et al. 2014). A–D indicate age of known fossils of Archipsyllidae (A: Psocopsylla (monotypic); B: Archipsylla (5 species known, oldest record indicated); C: Archipsyllodes and Archipsyllopsis (both monotypic); D: Mydiognathus). Numbers connecting branches indicate their supposed synapomorphies as follow: (1) Synapomorphies of Paraneoptera listed previously (e.g. Yoshizawa and Saigusa 2001; Grimaldi and Engel 2005; Beutel et al. 2014) except for (2). (2) Reduction of labial palpus (two segments or less) and reduction of tarsal segments (three segments or less) have been accepted as paraneopteran synapomorphies, but are excluded by recent studies of Archipsyllidae (Huang et al. 2008; present study). (3) Enlarged clypeus and antennal rupturing mechanism were considered as synapomorphies of Archipsyllidae and Psocodea (Huang et al. 2008) but are excluded by the present study. (4) Elongated mandible, elongated and grooved labium, and several forewing articulation apomorphies support placement of Archipsyllidae sister to Condylognatha (these clades together compose the new supraordinal taxon Pancondylognatha).
FIGURE 3 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 3. Illustrations of key wing structures in Mydiognathus eviohlhoffae (a–c) and other insect orders (d–f). (a) Forewing (composite drawing reconstructed from distal half of right forewing and basal half of left forewing). (b) Left forewing base articulation. (c) Right forewing base articulation. Forewing base articulation d–f: (d) Alloperla sp. (Plecoptera), (e) Longivalvus nubilus (Psocodea), (f) Petalolyma bicolor (Hemiptera).
FIGURE 2 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 2. Key head structures of Mydiognathus eviohlhoffae (a–c) and Neotrogla aurora (d). (a) Head. Dotted gray lines indicate alignment of mouthpart structures against the labrum (Lr) or lacinia (Lc, only for galea: Ga) (Acl: anteclypeus; At: antenna; ATP: anterior tentorial pit; Ca: cardo; E: eye; ES: epistomal suture; FGR: frontogenal suture; Fr: frons; Ga: galea; Ge: gena; Lc: lacinia; LiP: labial palpus; Lr: labrum; Md: mandible; MxP: maxillary palpus; Oc: ocellus; Pcl: postclypeus; Pf: palpifer; Pg: paraglossa; St: stipes). (b) Head, magnified. White arrowheads indicate the internally expanded lacinial base. (c) Tip of the mouth, magnified. (d) Antennal flagellum of Neotrogla aurora (Psocodea: Trogiomorpha: Prionoglarididae), showing the rupturing mechanism observed in extant Psocodea.
FIGURE 1 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 1. Photographs of Mydiognathus eviohlhoffae. (a) Habitus, right view. (b) Habitus, left view. (c) Head. (d) Connection between first (top) and second antennal flagellomeres. (e) Right hind tarsus, ventral view.
FIGURE 4 in Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber
FIGURE 4. Male terminalia of Mydiognathus eviohlhoffae (St: sternite; T: tergite; Ad: aedeagus; Ep: epiproct; Pa: paraproct; Tr: trichobothria).
Genetic alterations and expression programs of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with betel quid chewing
<p><span>Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a profound risk for</span><span> oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) <span>in Southeast Asia.</span> To decipher contributory genomic abnormalities and transcriptional reprogramming in these malignancies, we conducted a multi-omics survey, including exome sequencing of tumor-normal pairs from <span>261 male </span>patients with OSCC (129 habitual BQ chewers and 132 non-BQ users), alone with integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of a set of tumors. Comparative analyses of the mutational catalog identified enrichment of significantly altered genes (e.g mutations of <em>TP53</em> and <em>CHUK</em>, copy gains of <em>MAP3K13</em> and <em>FADD</em>, copy losses of <em>CDKN2A</em>) and mutational signatures associated with BQ chewing. Assessment of oncogenic and co-occurring actionable alterations demonstrated frequently altered oncogenic pathways (Hippo and p53 signaling) and potential combination therapy opportunities linked to BQ use. In addition, evaluation of epithelial, immune, stromal expression programs in the corresponding tissue compartments revealed a shift of tumor microenvironment in BQ-related OSCC, characterized by induced hypoxia of tumor epithelium, altered immunosuppression of dendritic cells, and raised sprouting angiogenesis of tumor endothelium. Quantitative predictions of intercellular communications inferred a more heterogeneous cell-cell crosstalk among BQ-related OSCC, highlighted by extensive interactions of fibroblasts and dendritic cells with other non-epithelial cell types via mostly extracellular matrix-receptor signaling pathways. Collectively, these differences in genomic landscape and tumor niche suggest that OSCC caused by BQ chewing could be an etiological subtype different from their BQ-negative counterparts.</span></p>
FIGURES 45–48. Myrsidea pachyramphi n in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 45–48. Myrsidea pachyramphi n. sp.: 45, holotype female; 46, paratype male; Myrsidea leptopogoni n. sp.: 47, holotype female; 48, paratype male.
FIGURES 2–3 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 2–3. Dorso-ventral views of female thorax and abdomen: 2, Myrsidea leucophthalmi n. sp.; 3, Myrsidea philydori n. sp.
FIGURES 18–21 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 18–21. Habitus: Myrsidea leucophthalmi n. sp.: 18, holotype female; 19, paratype male; Myrsidea philydori n. sp.: 20, holotype female; 21, paratype male.
FIGURES 41–44 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 41–44. Habitus: Myrsidea capeki n. sp.: 41, holotype female; 42, paratype male; Myrsidea pyriglenae n. sp.: 43, holotype female; 44, paratype male.
FIGURES 28–29 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 28–29. Dorso-ventral views of female thorax and abdomen: 28, Myrsidea pachyramphi n. sp.; 29, Myrsidea leptopogoni n. sp.
FIGURES 6–17 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 6–17. Male genital sac sclerites: 6–7, Myrsidea leucophthalmi n. sp.; 8–10, Myrsidea philydori n. sp.; 11, Myrsidea scleruri n. sp.; 12–13, Myrsidea zuzanae n. sp.; 14–17, Myrsidea pyriglenae n. sp.
FIGURES 26–27 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 26–27. Dorso-ventral views of female thorax and abdomen: 26, Myrsidea capeki n. sp.; 27, Myrsidea pyriglenae n. sp.
FIGURES 22–25 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 22–25. Habitus: Myrsidea scleruri n. sp.: 22, holotype female; 23, paratype male; Myrsidea zuzanae n. sp.: 24, holotype female; 25, paratype male.
FIGURES 30–40 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 30–40. Male genital sac sclerites: 30–34, Myrsidea capeki n. sp.; 35, Myrsidea pachyramphi n. sp.; 36, Myrsidea contopi from Leptopogon amaurocephalus from Perú; 37, same but from Paraguay; 38–39, Myrsidea leptopogoni n. sp.; 40, Myrsidea pitangi from Pitangus sulphuratus from Paraguay.
FIGURES 4–5 in New species and additional data on the chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wild Neotropical Passeriformes (Aves)
FIGURES 4–5. Dorso-ventral views of female thorax and abdomen: 4, Myrsidea scleruri n. sp.; 5, Myrsidea zuzanae n. sp.
FIGURES 3–7 in Craspedorrhynchus linardii, a new species of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from the Gray-headed Kite (Aves: Falconiformes: Accipitridae)
FIGURES 3–7. Craspedorrhynchus linardii sp.n.: 3, dorsoventral views of head of male. 4, male tergites. 5, dorsoventral views of the head of the female. 6, female tergites 7, female vulvar area (setae on the edge of the vulvar opening not drawn) (Bar = 0.4mm).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.