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Fig. 2 in Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X X X X /X X Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil

Fig. 2. Karyotypes of female (a) and male (b) of Potamotrygon aff. motoro sample from Porto Rico, highlighting the sex chromosomes after conventional and the chromosomes marked by NOR. Scale bar = 10 m.

Fig. 2 in Chromosomal analyses in Megalonema platanum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), an endangered species from South American rivers

Fig. 2. Somatic metaphases of Megalonema platanum submitted to treatment with AgNO 3 (a and b); FISH with 18S rDNA probe (c) and CMA 3 (d). Arrows indicate the NOR bearing chromosomes. The arrowheads indicate the secondary constriction. Detail in (d) shows the chromosome pair CMA positive.

Fig. 1 in Chromosomal analyses in Megalonema platanum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), an endangered species from South American rivers

Fig. 1. Karyotype (a) and somatic metaphases of Megalonema platinum with C-banding (b) rio Tibagi and (c) rio Paraná. In the box the supernumerary chromosome. The arrowheads in (b) and (c) indicate the chromosome pair with interstitial heterochromatin; the arrow in (b) indicate the supernumerary chromosome partially heterochromatic and the asterisks in (c) indicate the chromosomes with heterochromatin blocks in both terminal regions. Scale bar = 10μm

Fig. 1 in Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X X X X /X X Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil

Fig. 1. Meiotic chromosomes of Potamotrygon falkneri sample from Ilha Solteira. Spermatogonial metaphase (2n = 65 chromosomes) after Giemsa staining (a) and metaphase I, with 31 bivalents and a trivalent (arrow) (b).

Fig. 3 in Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X X X X /X X Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil

Fig. 3. Karyotypes of female (a) and male (b) of Potamotrygon aff. motoro sample from Ilha Solteira, highlighting the sex chromosomes after conventional and the chromosomes marked by NOR. Scale bar = 10 m.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2010View details →

Fig. 5 in Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

Fig. 5. Karyotypes of the female specimen of Characidium lauroi from Ubatuba, SP, and Characidium lanei from Morretes, PR, after conventional Giemsa staining (a, c) and C-banding (b, d), respectively. Note the different patterns of heterochromatic blocks on the chromosomes and the differentiated sex chromosomes, being the W almost completely heterochromatic in both species. In the box, the Z and W chromosomes carrying the NORs in an inverted position. Scale bar = 10 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2010View details →

Fig. 4 in Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

Fig. 4. Karyotypes of female specimens of Characidium sp. from Itanhaém, SP, and Characidium schubarti from Jaguariaiva, PR, after conventional Giemsa staining (a, c) and C-banding (b, d), respectively. Note conspicuous heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric region of some chromosome pairs and the differentiated sex chromosomes, being the W almost completely heterochromatic in both species. In the box, the Z and W chromosomes carrying the NORs in an inverted position. Scale bar = 10 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2010View details →

Fig. 2 in Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

Fig. 2. Karyotypes of female specimens of Characidium cf. zebra and Characidium oiticicai from Salesópolis, SP, after conventional Giemsa staining (a, c) and C-banding (b, d), respectively. Note the differential patterns of heterochromatic blocks on the chromosomes and the differentiated sex chromosomes and heterochromatic B-chromosomes in Characidium oiticicai. In the box, the NOR-bearing chromosomes. Scale bar = 10 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Fig. 3 in Chromosome polymorphism of heterochromatin and nucleolar regions in two populations of the fish Astyanax bockmanni (Teleostei: Characiformes)

Fig. 3. Inter-individual polymorphisms of the heterochromatic blocks in Astyanax bockmanni from the Campo Novo River population. Each letter (a-d) represents a single individual.

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Fig. 4. Sequential C in Chromosome polymorphism of heterochromatin and nucleolar regions in two populations of the fish Astyanax bockmanni (Teleostei: Characiformes)

Fig. 4. Sequential C-banding (a1 and b1) and Ag-NOR staining (a2 and b2) in a specimen from the Campo Novo River, demonstrating the association between heterochromatin and NOR. In (a2) and (b2), arrows indicate the presence of heterochromatin/NOR association, and arrowheads show NORs not associated with heterochromatin.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Fig. 1 in Chromosome polymorphism of heterochromatin and nucleolar regions in two populations of the fish Astyanax bockmanni (Teleostei: Characiformes)

Fig. 1. Karyotypes of Astyanax bockmanni arranged from Giemsa-stained chromosomes. Specimens from Barra Seca Stream (2n = 50) (a) and Campo Novo River (2n = 50) (b).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Fig. 1 in Chromosomal variability in the wild ornamental species of Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Amazon

Fig. 1. Photo of analyzed species: (A) Symphysodon haraldi from Manacapuru, (B) S. aequifasciatus from Tefé, (C) S. discus from Barcelos, and map showing the location of discus sampling sites.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2006View details →

Fig. 2 in Chromosomal characterization of the bonytongue Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae)

Fig. 2. Metaphases of Arapaima gigas. (a) Silver nitrate-stained showing two Ag-NOR sites (arrows); (b) and (c) 18S rDNA - FISH showing a single NOR-bearing chromosome pair and NOR size polymorphism (arrows); (d) C-banded chromosomes showing centromeric heterochromatin. Bar = 5 µm.

Figure 7 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism

Figure 7. Phenogram computed from the Mahalanobis distances between chromosomal groups for Ctenomys torquatus from Brazil (2n = 40, 44, and 46), C. torquatus from Uruguay (2n = 44u), and Ctenomys pearsoni (2n = 66 and 70). Tree made by using the neighbour-joining method with branch lengths proportional to morphological distances. Scale bar: 4 units.

Figure 4 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism

Figure 4. Kernel density estimates on principal components (PC) 1 and 2 of shape variables and convex hulls for specimens of Ctenomys torquatus (•) and Ctenomys pearsoni (Δ). Variance percentages are given on the y axis. Dark areas indicate higher density regions.

Figure 6 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism

Figure 6. Plot of the six chromosomal populations for the first two axes of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for three integrated views. Ctenomys torquatus, 2n = 40, 44, 44u, and 46; Ctenomys pearsoni, 2n = 66 and 70.

Figure 3 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism

Figure 3. Box-and-whisker plots showing the distribution of centroid size for the lateral view of the skull of two Ctenomys torquatus and Ctenomys pearsoni specimens, and for each sex. Upper and lower hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles, and whiskers correspond to the 95% confidence interval.

Figure 2 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism

Figure 2. Ctenomys torquatus skull, with indication of morphological landmarks for the dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the cranium. Appendix 2 gives the key to the landmarks. Scale bar: 1 cm.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →

Figure 2 in Phylogeny of sex-determining mechanisms in squamate reptiles: are sex chromosomes an evolutionary trap?

Figure 2. Phylogenetic reconstruction of sex-determining mechanisms in squamate reptiles based on the molecular tree according to Townsend et al. (2004). For details see legend to Figure 1.