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FIGURE 8 in A new species of the porcelain crab genus Petrolisthes from the Pacific coast of Panama, with taxonomic notes on closely related species (Decapoda: Anomura Porcellanidae)
FIGURE 8. Petrolisthes lewisi (Glassell, 1936) [A, B] and Petrolisthes ortmanni Nobili, 1901 [C]: (A) male from Los Negritos, off Bahía Málaga, Pacific coast of Colombia (CERBMcr UV 2019-103), dorsal view; (B) ovigerous female from the same locality (CERBMcr UV 2019-102); male from the same locality (CERBMcr UV 2019-102). Photographs by A. Anker.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the porcelain crab genus Petrolisthes from the Pacific coast of Panama, with taxonomic notes on closely related species (Decapoda: Anomura Porcellanidae)
FIGURE 3. Petrolisthes lazarus sp. nov., female paratype from Río Mar, Panama (MZUSP 33686), dorsal view. Photograph by A. Anker.
FIGURE 6. Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington, 1878 in A new species of the porcelain crab genus Petrolisthes from the Pacific coast of Panama, with taxonomic notes on closely related species (Decapoda: Anomura Porcellanidae)
FIGURE 6. Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington, 1878: (A) ovigerous female from La Cruz de Huanacaxtle, Nayarit, Mexico (CNCR 35709), dorsal view; (B) male from the same locality (CNCR 35710), dorsal view. Photographs by L.D. Santana- Moreno.
FIGURE 6 in Parascolopsis akatamae, a new species of dwarf monocle bream (Perciformes Nemipteridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with redescription of closely related species P. eriomma
FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood phylogeny derived from partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I for the genus Parascolopsis and closely related species. Numbers at branches indicate bootstrap probabilities based on 1,000 replications. DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses.
FIGURE 4 in Parascolopsis akatamae, a new species of dwarf monocle bream (Perciformes Nemipteridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with redescription of closely related species P. eriomma
FIGURE 4. Biofluorescence emission patterns of Parascolopsis akatamae n. sp. (A–C, OCF-P4098, holotype, 160.5 mm SL) and P. eriomma (D–F, OCF-P4097, 154.4 mm SL). A) lateral view, under white light; B) lateral view, under blue light; C) ventral view, under blue light; D) lateral view, under white light; E) lateral view, under blue light; F) ventral view, under blue light.
FIGURE 5 in Parascolopsis akatamae, a new species of dwarf monocle bream (Perciformes Nemipteridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with redescription of closely related species P. eriomma
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Parascolopsis akatamae n. sp. and P. eriomma. Closed markers are based on specimens examined during this study; open markers are based on literature records (identified from color photographs).
FIGURE 2 in Parascolopsis akatamae, a new species of dwarf monocle bream (Perciformes Nemipteridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with redescription of closely related species P. eriomma
FIGURE 2. Fresh specimens of Parascolopsis akatamae n. sp. (A–D) and P. eriomma (E–F) at different growth stages. A) OCF-P4119, 98.3 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan; B) OCF-P4071, 140.1 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan; C) OCF- P4123, 179.7 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan; D) OCF-P4089, 252.7 mm SL, Ishigaki-jima Island, Japan; E) OCF-P4212, 139.6 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan; F) OCF-P3889, 172.8 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan.
FIGURE 3 in Parascolopsis akatamae, a new species of dwarf monocle bream (Perciformes Nemipteridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with redescription of closely related species P. eriomma
FIGURE 3. Relationships of length of forked part of caudal fin to standard length (A) and length of longest dorsal-fin spine to eye diameter (B) in Parascolopsis akatamae n. sp. (blue markers) and P. eriomma (red markers). Large squares indicates data from holotypes. Regression equations for (A) P. akatamae: y = 0.1473x + 2.4922, R2 = 0.9729; P. eriomma: y = 0.104x + 5.7483, R2 = 0.9234, and (B), P. akatamae: y = 1.7484x - 4.865, R2 = 0.8817; P. eriomma: y = 1.5366x + 5.3993, R2 = 0.8184.
FIGURE 1. Parascolopsis akatamae n in Parascolopsis akatamae, a new species of dwarf monocle bream (Perciformes Nemipteridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with redescription of closely related species P. eriomma
FIGURE 1. Parascolopsis akatamae n. sp. (A) and P. eriomma (B–C). A) fresh specimen, OCF-P4098, holotype, 160.5 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan; B) fresh specimen, OCF-P4097, 154.4 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan; C) preserved specimen, FMNH 52247, holotype, 190.9 mm SL, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FIGURE 9 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 9. Lateral views of bodies showing dorsal scale row irregularities in Rhinophis karinthandani sp. nov. (A and B) and R. melanoleucus (C and D). Anomalously large dark grey scales and small pale gray scales are not involved in scale row reductions. Red and yellow scales indicate typical scale row reduction. A. Right side of BNHS 3545 level with 49th ventral; B. Left side of BNHS 3541 level with 29th ventral; C & D. left and right side, respectively of BNHS 3538 level with 74th and 72nd ventral, respectively.
FIGURE 8 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 8. Plot showing bimodal distribution of numbers of ventral versus subcaudal scales in female (circles) and male (squares) Rhinophis karinthandani sp. nov.
FIGURE 7 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 7. Photographs of live Rhinophis karinthandani sp. nov. (A–D) and R. sanguineus (E–F). A, B. dorsal and ventral views of BNHS 3541; C, D. dorsal and ventral views of BNHS 3542; E, F. dorsal and ventral views of VPRS0918093.
FIGURE 5. BMNH 1946.1.16.76 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 5. BMNH 1946.1.16.76 (formerly BMNH 74.4.29.110) holotype of Rhinophis microlepis. Upper row head (dorsal, left, ventral, right views) and tail (dorsal, left, ventral, right views); lower row whole specimen in two views. Scale bar increments in mm. Photographs by Harry Taylor (NHM, London).
FIGURE 4. BMNH 1946.1.16.54 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 4. BMNH 1946.1.16.54 (formerly BMNH 64.3.9.2) lectotype of Rhinophis sanguineus. Upper row head (left, ventral, dorsal, right views) and tail (right, dorsal, ventral, left views); middle and lower rows whole animal in approximately dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar increments in mm. Photographs by Harry Taylor (NHM, London).
FIGURE 2 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 2. Photographs of the holotype (BMNH 79.7.4.2) of Rhinophis karinthandani sp. nov. Upper row: head in dorsal, right lateral, ventral and left lateral views; central two rows whole specimen in approximately dorsolateral (upper) and ventrolateral (lower) views; lower row: tail in dorsal, right lateral, ventral, dorsal and left lateral views. Scale bar increments in mm. Photographs by Kevin Webb (NHM, London).
FIGURE 3 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 3. Map showing specimen record locations of Rhinophis from the Wayanad plateau region and from Karnataka. See Appendix 3 for underlying distribution data.
FIGURE 1 in A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian Inference phylogeny of Rhinophis, based on 12s, 16s and nd4 mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Numbers at internal branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (above, given to two decimal places) and maximum likelihood bootstrap values (below). See Appendix 2 for specimen details. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site.
Data from: The effect of historical legacy on adaptation: do closely related species respond to the environment in the same way?
The many documented examples of parallel and convergent evolution in similar environments are strong evidence for the role of natural selection in the evolution of trait variation. However, species may respond to selection in different ways; idiosyncrasies of their evolutionary history may affect how different species respond to the same selective pressure. To determine whether evolutionary history affects trait-environment associations in a recently diverged lineage, we investigated within-species trait-environment associations in the white proteas, a closely related monophyletic group. We first used MANOVAs to determine the relative importance of shared response to selection, evolutionary history, and unique responses to selection on trait variation. We found that on average, similar associations to the environment across species explained trait variation, but that the species had different mean trait values. We also detected species-specific associations of traits to the environmental gradients. To identify the traits associated uniquely to the environment we used a structural equation model. Our analysis showed that the species differed in how their traits were associated with each of the environmental variables. Further, in the cases of two root traits (root mass and root length:mass ratio), two species differed in the direction of their associations (e.g. populations in one species had heavier roots in warmer areas, and populations in the other species had lighter roots in warmer areas). Our study shows that even in a closely related group of species, evolutionary history may have an effect on both the size and direction of adaptations to the environment.
Data from: Are sympatrically speciating Midas cichlid fish special? Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the closely related species Archocentrus centrarchus
Established empirical cases of sympatric speciation are scarce, although there is an increasing consensus that sympatric speciation might be more common than previously thought. Midas cichlid fish are one of the few substantiated cases of sympatric speciation, and they formed repeated radiations in crater lakes. In contrast, in the same environment, such radiation patterns have not been observed in other species of cichlids and other families of fish. We analyze morphological and genetic variation in a cichlid species (Archocentrus centrarchus) that co-inhabits several crater lakes with the Midas species complex. In particular, we analyze variation in body and pharyngeal jaw shape (two ecologically important traits in sympatrically divergent Midas cichlids) and relate that to genetic variation in mitochondrial control region and microsatellites. Using these four datasets, we analyze variation between and within two Nicaraguan lakes: a crater lake where multiple Midas cichlids have been described and a lake where the source population lives. We do not observe any within-lake clustering consistent across morphological traits and genetic markers, suggesting the absence of sympatric divergence in A. centrarchus. Genetic differentiation between lakes was low and morphological divergence absent. Such morphological similarity between lakes is found not only in average morphology, but also when analyzing covariation between traits and degree of morphospace occupation. A combined analysis of the mitochondrial control region in A. centrarchus and Midas cichlids suggests that a difference between lineages in the timing of crater lake colonization cannot be invoked as an explanation for the difference in their levels of diversification. In light of our results, A. centrarchus represents the ideal candidate to study the genomic differences between these two lineages that might explain why some lineages are more likely to speciate and diverge in sympatry than others.
Data from: Directional mitochondrial introgression and character displacement due to reproductive interference in two closely related Pterostichus ground beetle species
Reproductive interference due to interspecific hybridization can lead to character displacement among related species with overlapping ranges. However, no studies have examined which reproductive traits are most important in reducing reproductive interference. We conducted molecular analyses of two nuclear genes (28S and Wingless) and a mitochondrial gene (COI) from two closely related ground beetle species, Pterostichus thunbergi and P. habui (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with overlapping distributions. In addition, we examined four reproductive traits (body size, organ morphologies of intromittent and non-intromittent male genital organs, and female reproductive period) in sympatric and allopatric habitats. We compared male genital morphology using geometric morphometric analysis. The species determined by morphology were classified into separate groups based on the phylogenetic tree constructed by the nuclear gene (Wingless). However, according to the mitochondrial genes examined, P. thunbergi was not monophyletic, while at the sympatric sites these species formed a monophyletic clade. This incongruence suggests that interspecific hybridization and subsequent mitochondrial introgression from P. habui to P. thunbergi have occurred. Concerning genital morphology, both of the intromittent and non-intromittent organs of P. thunbergi differed more from P. habui at the sympatric sites than between allopatric sites, suggesting directional reproductive character displacement. Pterostichus thunbergi, which likely arrived in P. habui habitat in small numbers, would have experienced stronger selection pressures than P. habui.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.