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619 results for “configuration”
Data from: Parental frequencies and spatial configuration shape bumblebee behavior and floral isolation in hybridizing Rhinanthus
To shed light on the role played by pollinators in the diversification of angiosperms, focus is needed on how floral isolation varies locally in the early stages of plant divergence. The few studies performed so far have often used species pairs with distinct pollination syndromes and contrasting floral displays. Here, we focus on a hybridizing pair (Rhinanthus minor and R. angustifolius) with strong similarities in flower morphology and pollinators (bumblebees). We examined how ethological isolation changes locally in relation to relative Rhinanthus frequencies, spatial configurations, and pollinator assemblages. Interestingly, floral divergence based on adaptation to different pollinators is unlikely in Rhinanthus: no relationship was found between floral isolation and the local pollinator assemblage. In contrast, species frequency and spatial arrangement strongly influenced bumblebee behavior, ethological isolation, and thus potentially hybrid formation. When both Rhinanthus were present in equal proportions, bees generally preferred the more rewarding and conspicuous species. However, when the Rhinanthus frequencies were unbalanced, the more abundant species was preferred, although this was less pronounced when the less rewarding R. minor predominated. Ethological isolation is highly sensitive to site characteristics, and can be as high as in species with contrasting floral displays and pollinator suites, even though flowers are similar.
Data from: The impact of spatial scale and habitat configuration on patterns of trait variation and local adaptation in a wild plant parasite
Theory indicates that spatial scale and habitat configuration are fundamental for coevolutionary dynamics and how diversity is maintained in host–pathogen interactions. Yet, we lack empirical data to translate the theory to natural host–parasite systems. In this study, we conduct a multiscale cross-inoculation study using the specialist wild plant pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis on its host plant Plantago lanceolata. We apply the same sampling scheme to a region with highly fragmented (Åland) and continuous (Saaremaa) host populations. Although theory predicts higher parasite virulence in continuous regions, we did not detect differences in traits conferring virulence among the regions. Patterns of adaptation were highly scale dependent. We detected parasite maladaptation among regions, and among populations separated by intermediate distances (6.0–40.0 km) within the fragmented region. In contrast, parasite performance did not vary significantly according to host origin in the continuous landscape. For both regions, differentiation among populations was much larger for genetic variation than for phenotypic variation, indicating balancing selection maintaining phenotypic variation within populations. Our findings illustrate the critical role of spatial scale and habitat configuration in driving host–parasite coevolution. The absence of more aggressive strains in the continuous landscape, in contrast to theoretical predictions, has major implications for long-term decision making in conservation, agriculture, and public health.
Data from: The relative influence of habitat amount and configuration on genetic structure across multiple spatial scales
Despite strong interest in understanding how habitat spatial structure shapes the genetics of populations, the relative importance of habitat amount and configuration for patterns of genetic differentiation remains largely unexplored in empirical systems. In this study, we evaluate the relative influence of, and interactions among, the amount of habitat and aspects of its spatial configuration on genetic differentiation in the pitcher plant midge, Metriocnemus knabi. Larvae of this species are found exclusively within the water-filled leaves of pitcher plants (Sarracenia purpurea) in a system that is naturally patchy at multiple spatial scales (i.e., leaf, plant, cluster, peatland). Using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference, we estimated effects of the amount of habitat, patch size, interpatch distance, and patch isolation, measured at different spatial scales, on genetic differentiation (FST) among larval samples from leaves within plants, plants within clusters, and clusters within peatlands. Among leaves and plants, genetic differentiation appears to be driven by female oviposition behaviors and is influenced by habitat isolation at a broad (peatland) scale. Among clusters, gene flow is spatially restricted and aspects of both the amount of habitat and configuration at the focal scale are important, as is their interaction. Our results suggest that both habitat amount and configuration can be important determinants of genetic structure and that their relative influence is scale dependent.
Data from: Clone configuration and spatial genetic structure of two Halophila ovalis populations with contrasting internode lengths
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) is predominantly determined by gene flow. While sexually reproducing plants can disperse their genes through pollen and seed grains, clonal plants can additionally disperse genes through clonal growth. Plants' clonal reproduction strategy, however, often varies within and between species. Still, the effect of differential clonal reproduction strategy on fine-scale SGS remains somewhat unclear. Halophila ovalis is a fast-growing clonal seagrass, whose internode length (which defines a species' clonal reproduction strategy) varies among populations. Using eight polymorphic microsatellites, here we compare the genetic diversity, clonal structure and fine-scale SGS of two H. ovalis populations with contrasting internode lengths (Yingluo versus Xialongwei populations). We found moderate to high genotypic and allelic richness and heterozygosities in both populations. Compared to Xialongwei population, genetic and genotypic diversity was significantly lower in Yingluo population. Although their internode length was relatively short, clones of Yingluo population spread farther than those of Xialongwei population. Sexual-to-vegetative dispersal variance ratios were 34.6 and 445.5 in Yingluo and Xialongwei populations, respectively. In both populations, clonal growth significantly intensified the SGS, especially in short distance classes. The SGS at small distance classes were weaker in Yingluo than Xialongwei, in part, due to more intermingled distribution of genets and more extensive clonal expansion in the former population. Our results indicate that vegetative dispersal variance/distance, rather than internode length, plays a crucial role in shaping the fine-scale genetic structure.
Site BDII installation and configuration - EMI Trainings at EGI TF 2012
Installation from EMI 2 release and Configuration of a site BDII instance
Understanding and Improving the Efficiency of Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo
<p>Data and Python Scripts required to produce the figures in:</p> <p>Understanding and Improving the Efficiency of Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo</p> <p>http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.00865</p> <p>Reanaylisis requires pyhande (part of the HANDE package) available from:</p> <p>https://github.com/hande-qmc/hande.git</p> <p>To reproduce the figures by reanalysing the data from scratch modify sys.path.append() in ./bin/Efficiency.py and in ./figure4/figure4.py. To point to hande_top_level_dir/tools.</p> <p> </p>
Solar Electric Motor on Superconducting Bearings in Liquid Nitrogen - Vertical Configuration - 190 rpm
<p>A solar electric motor, immersed in liquid nitrogen, and levitated on superconducting bearings, has been designed and tested at the GREEN Laboratory. This video shows the permanent regime that represents a speed around 190 rpm, with a configuration of superconducting bearings called "vertical configuration" and a Plexiglas cylinder around the cubic rotor in order to reduce the frictions in the liquid. It's the same rotor than in [10.5281/zenodo.154095] but the Plexiglas cover has been added, which leads to an increase of the speed from 75 rpm to 190 rpm.</p>
Solar Electric Motor on Superconducting Bearings in Liquid Nitrogen with Propeller - Vertical Configuration - 75 rpm
<p>A solar electric motor, immersed in liquid nitrogen, and levitated on superconducting bearings, has been designed and tested at the GREEN Laboratory. This video shows the permanent regime that represents a speed around 75 rpm, with a configuration of superconducting bearings called "vertical configuration" and a propeller fixed on the shaft.</p>
Solar Electric Motor on Superconducting Bearings - Vertical Configuration - 900 rpm
<p>A solar electric motor that levitates on superconducting bearings has been designed and tested at the GREEN Laboratory. This video shows the start-up of the motor and the permanent regime that represents a speed around 900 rpm, with a configuration of superconducting bearings called "vertical configuration".</p>
Solar Electric Motor on Superconducting Bearings - Vertical Configuration - 1350 rpm
<p>A solar electric motor that levitates on superconducting bearings has been designed and tested at the GREEN Laboratory. This video shows the start-up of the motor and the permanent regime that represents a speed around 1350 rpm, with a configuration of superconducting bearings called "vertical configuration". The difference from the video [10.5281/zenodo.154013] is that, the permanent magnet that acts as inductor has been placed in the optimal position.</p>
Solar Electric Motor on Superconducting Bearings - Horizontal Configuration - 700 rpm
<p>A solar electric motor that levitates on superconducting bearings has been designed and tested at the GREEN Laboratory. This video shows the start-up of the motor and the permanent regime that represents a speed around 700 rpm, with a configuration of superconducting bearings called "horizontal configuration".</p>
FIGURE 2. Heterobathmia megadecella n in Two new heterobathmiid moth species with distinctive female genital configurations (Lepidoptera: Heterobathmiidae)
FIGURE 2. Heterobathmia megadecella n.sp., male genitalia, details in slide preparations as prepared for previous taxonomic descriptions of congeners (A & C–E), or stacked multifocus photographs of intact specimen (B). A, dorsum IX plus postgenital complex of holotype, dorsal view; ventral acanthae on the latter visible through cleared tergum X plate; B, postabdominal apex in dorsal view of paratype, notice contrast in pigmentation and texture between dorsum IX and extraordinarily large tergum X; C, venter IX with valvae of holotype; D, phallus of holotype; E, phallic apex of paratype, part of scaly-textured connecting zone between outer tube and syringe-like process from ejaculatory duct externally exposed. fr, sclerotized 'frame' of postgenital complex; mp, medial teguminal process; lp, lateral teguminal process; te, 'tegumen' (dorsum IX); tX, tergal plate of segment X; vi, 'vinculum' (venter IX), vl, valve.
FIGURE 3. Heterobathmia megadecella n in Two new heterobathmiid moth species with distinctive female genital configurations (Lepidoptera: Heterobathmiidae)
FIGURE 3. Heterobathmia megadecella n.sp., postabdomen of unique female paratype. A, ventral view, stacked multifocus photographs of KOH-macerated specimen in ethanol, supported on 'Ballotili' glass beads; B, lateral view, conventional slide mount in Euparal, rectum/anal tube partly filled with non-degradable material (including loosened wing scales), hence its position/course easily identifiable; C, magnified detail of B, showing optical section of anterior part of genital chamber. db, (non-spinose posterior part of) ductus bursae; ds, ductus spermathecae; gcs, sclerotization of invaginated thick-walled papilla in genital chamber; 1-2-3, sclerites on softwalled lower surface of terminal unit thus denoted in text.
FIGURE 1. Heterobathmia habitus. A, H in Two new heterobathmiid moth species with distinctive female genital configurations (Lepidoptera: Heterobathmiidae)
FIGURE 1. Heterobathmia habitus. A, H. megadecella male holotype; B, H. nielsenella, female holotype.
FIGURE 4. Heterobathmia nielsenella n in Two new heterobathmiid moth species with distinctive female genital configurations (Lepidoptera: Heterobathmiidae)
FIGURE 4. Heterobathmia nielsenella n.sp., female postabdomen. A, stacked multifocus photographs of abdominal apex of intact holotype, lateral view, notice paramedial depressions in subgenital plate along its smooth-textured (shiningl) apical part; B, lateral view, slide preparation of paratype (as Fig. 3B). la, prominent cuticular lamellar continuation of upper wall of subgenital plate.
Comprehensibility of feature dependency in configurable system using #ifdef
<p>Conditional compilation is often used to implement variability in configurable systems. This technique relies on #ifdefs to delimit feature code. Previous studies have shown that #ifdefs may hinder code comprehensibility. However, they did not explicitly take feature dependencies into account. Feature dependency occurs when different features refer to the same program element, such as a variable. Comprehensibility may be even more affected in the presence of feature dependency, as the developer must reason about different scenarios affecting the same variable. Aim: Our goal is to understand how feature dependency affects the comprehensibility of configurable system source code. Method: We conducted two complementary empirical studies. In Study 1 we carried out an experiment in which 30 developers debugged programs with different types of feature dependency. Each program included a different type of feature dependency: global, intraprocedural or interprocedural. We used an eye-tracking device to record developers' gaze movements while they debugged programs. Study 1, however, has two main limitations. Firstly, its programs contain only one type of feature dependency each, while, in real systems, a same program file usually includes more than one type of feature dependency. Secondly, Study 1 does not compare programs with and without feature dependency. In Study 1 we did not compare pieces of source code with and without feature dependency. To minimize those limitations, in this paper we complement Study 1 by means of Study 2. Forty-six developers responded to a web-based study. They executed tasks in which they had to analyze programs containing #ifdef with and without feature dependency. Each program with feature dependency contained all the three types of features dependency as frequently occurs in real configurable systems. Results: In Study 1, debugging programs with #ifdef and global or interprocedural dependency required more time and higher visual effort than intraprocedural dependency. Study 2, analyzing programs containing #ifdef and feature dependency required more time than programs containing #ifdef but without feature dependency. Conclusion: Our study showed that #ifdefs affect comprehensibility of configurable systems in different degrees depending on the presence of feature dependency or type of feature dependency.</p>
Data for: Quantifying mantle mixing through Configurational Entopy
<p>Data used to make the figures in the manuscript of van der Wiel, Thieulot en van Hinsbergen: 'Quantifying mantle mixing through configurational Entropy'. Given are the temporal outputs of the entropy calculations for the two used models, the two compositional cases and all tested resolutions as well as the local entropy and particle distributions used to make the figures.</p><p>The S_entropies.txt files contain all global entropy values through time at 5 Ma intervals.</p><p>columns: 1. (not used) 2. Slocation 3. S 4. (not used) 5. Slocation_normalized 6. S<i>_</i>normalized</p><p>The Sj files contain local entropie per cell. The columns contain location points of the center of the lower bound of each cell.</p><p>columns: 1. radius 2. angle (-pi to pi) 3. x-coord 4. y-coord 5. Sj 6. Sj_normalized 7. cell-ID </p><p>The 'mixing_timestep.txt' contain the particle distribution and information of composition:</p><p> columns: 2. x-coord 3. y-coord 8. composition-ID</p>
Radiative warming by multicomponent carbonaceous aerosols can be controlled by material configuration
<p>A resulting grain arrangement exported in the form of shape-file for further processing in DDSCAT program.</p>
QG energy-aware hybrid simulations (Double-Gyre configuration)
<p>QG energy-aware hybrid simulations for different set of parameters and compensating forcing; reference QG solution and the coarse-grid runs.</p> <p>There are five different groups of data files containing quasi-geostrophic energy-aware hybrid simulations for different set of parameters and compensating forcing; <br>reference quasi-geostrophic solution and the coarse-grid runs:</p> <p>1) 129x129_10y_spinup50y_dt1800s_simtime2y_eta0.02_case2.tar.part*<br>2) 29x129_10y_spinup50y_dt1800s_simtime2y_eta0.02_fast_energy_growth.tar.part*<br>3) 129x129_10y_spinup50y_dt1800s_simtime2y_eta0.02_scales2.tar.part*<br>4) 129x129_2y_spinup50y_dt1800s.tar.part*<br>5) 129x129_2y_spinup50y_dt1800s_refsol.tar.part*</p> <p>All files in the repository are tar-archives split into parts. Before using them, they should be merged into single files. In order to merge them one should use the Linux cat command. The data in the merged tar-files can be then extracted with the Linux tar command.</p>
Screener and Enumerator with Force-Field Optimization (SEFFO): algorithm for searching adsorption sites and configurations on 2D materials
<p>See ref:</p> <p> </p> <p>(submission stage)</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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