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FIGURE 11 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 11. Skulls of Mustela nivalis from Poland: recent specimens (1-3) and the fossil from Solna Jama Cave (4). 1, robust, adult male; 2, adult female; 3, young, adult female; and 4, adult female. Note fully developed sagittal crest in individual from Solna Jama Cave, indicating fully mature age. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 7. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of m1 trigonid breadth (B tri) to m1 talonid breadth (B tal) in the forms of Gulo: G. schlosseri and G. gulo. Data from Döppes (2001): late Pleistocene G. gulo and recent G. gulo; data from Marciszak (2012): G. schlosseri and late Pleistocene G. gulo (part).
FIGURE 4 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 4. Gulo gulo cranium from Solna Jama Cave (JSJ/Gg/1-1) in dorsal view (left) compared with a cranium from a large modern male from Scandinavia (right) from collection of Natural History Museum University of Wrocław (coll. no. M/500328). Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 10. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of mandiblar height (measured after m1) to m1 length in fossil and extant Mustela eversmanii and Mu. putorius. Data from Marciszak (2012) and references therein.
FIGURE 6 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 6. Metacarpals (mtcp) and metatarsals (mtts) of Gulo gulo from Solna Jama Cave. From left to right: right mtcp III (JSJ/Gg/1-29), left mtcp V (JSJ/GG/1-31), left mtts II (JSJ/Gg/1-33), left mtts III (JSJ/Gg/1-34), left mtts IV (JSJ/Gg/1-35) and right mtts V (JSJ/Gg/1-36). Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 9. Right mandible of Mustela eversmanii (JSJ/Mev/1) from Solna Jama Cave. Note relatively short and robust body mandible and massiveness of the symphysal area. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 5. Gulo gulo cranium from Solna Jama Cave (JSJ/Gg/1-1) in ventral view (left) compared with a cranium from a large modern male from Scandinavia (right) from collection of Natural History Museum University of Wrocław (coll. no. M/500328). Note particularly powerful dentition of the individual from Solna Jama Cave in comparison with recent G. gulo. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 8. Occurrence of members of the genus Gulo in the late Quaternary of Poland (after Marciszak, 2012 and references therein). Red dot: Gulo schlosseri; black dot: G. gulo from late middle Pleistocene (3-5) and late Pleistocene-Holocene (3-12). Localities: 1, Żabia Cave; 2, Kozi Grzbiet; 3, Biśnik Cave; 4, Cave no. 4 on the Birów Hill; 5, Deszczowa Cave; 6, Nietoperzowa Cave, Ciemna Cave; 7, Mamutowa Cave; 8, Borsuka Cave; 9, Cave in Czarkowa; 10, Niedźwiedzia Cave; 11, Północna Duża Cave, Naciekowa Cave; and 12, Solna Jama Cave.
FIGURE 2 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 2. Environs of Solna Jama Cave entrance (1), showing the fissured crystalline limestones, in which the cave developed. The "Wolverine Niche" (2) and the corrosion, phreatic features of the cave passage (3). The "Wolverine Niche" is the place in the cave, where partially preserved skeleton of particularly large Gulo gulo was found (Photo by K. Stefaniak).
FIGURE 1 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 1. Location of Solna Jama Cave in Europe indicated by red star (1), in Poland marked by red square (2), in the environs of Gniewoszów village indicated by red star (3) and map of the site (4) after Pulina (1996) and Stefaniak et al. (2009).
FIGURE 3. Ursus arctos priscus m2 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 3. Ursus arctos priscus m2 (JSJ/Ua/1) from Solna Jama Cave in occlusal view. Note robust build and arctoid shape of tooth, with only slightly expanded, buccal margin of the talonid. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
Chatbots: (S)elected Moderation. Measuring the Moderation of Election-Related Content Across Chatbots, Languages and Electoral Contexts
<p>AI Forensics had <a href="https://aiforensics.org/work/bing-chat-elections">previously exposed</a> that Microsoft Copilot's answers to simple election-related questions contained factual errors 30% of the time. In collaboration with Nieuwsuur, we uncovered how chatbots can recommend and support the dissemination of disinformation as a campaign strategy. Following those investigations as well as a request for information from the European Commission, Microsoft and Google introduced “moderation layers" to their chatbots so that they refuse to answer election-related prompts.</p> <p><strong>This dataset was produced during our investigation aimed at evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of these safeguards in different scenarios.</strong> In particular, we investigated the consistency with which electoral moderation was triggered, depending the language of the prompt and the electoral context.</p>
LLMs Languages Least Moderated: Testing Cross-National Moderation in the context of the EU and the US Elections on Chatbots
<p>AI Forensics had <a href="https://aiforensics.org/work/bing-chat-elections">previously exposed</a> that Microsoft Copilot's answers to simple election-related questions contained factual errors 30% of the time. In collaboration with Nieuwsuur, we uncovered how chatbots can recommend and support the dissemination of disinformation as a campaign strategy. Following those investigations as well as a request for information from the European Commission, Microsoft and Google introduced “moderation layers" to their chatbots so that they refuse to answer election-related prompts.</p> <p><strong>This dataset was produced as part<span> of project "LLMs: Languages Least Moderated" at the 2024 Digital Methods Summer School and Data Sprint, which AI Forensics facilitated</span> to allow participants to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these safeguards in different scenarios.</strong> In particular, we investigated the consistency with which electoral moderation was triggered, depending the language of the prompt and the electoral context.</p>
Data set for "Understanding Older Adults' Needs: Psychosocial Wellbeing in Context of Perceived and Objective Built Environment"
<p>This entry contains datasets for the article "Understanding Older Adults' Needs: Psychosocial Wellbeing in Context of Perceived and Objective Built Environment".</p>
Data for: Context-dependent effects of glucocorticoids on the lizard gut microbiome
<p><strong>Data from: Context-dependent effects of glucocorticoids on the lizard gut microbiome </strong>(provisionally accepted, Molecular Ecology 2021) </p> <p>Metadata is in Sheet 2. Address queries to kirstyjmacleod@gmail.com.</p> <p><strong>Publication abstract:</strong> The vertebrate gut microbiota (bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities of the gastrointestinal tract) can have profound effects on physiological processes of their hosts. Although relatively stable, changes in microbiome structure and composition occur due to changes in the environment, including exposure to stressors and associated increases in glucocorticoid hormones. Although a growing number of studies have linked stressor exposure to microbiome changes, few studies have experimentally explored the specific influence of glucocorticoids on the microbiome in wild animals, or across ecologically-important processes (e.g., reproductive stages). Here we tested the response of the gut microbiota of adult female Sceloporus undulatus across gestation to ecologically relevant elevations of a stress-relevant glucocorticoid hormone (CORT) in order to determine a) how experimentally elevated CORT influenced microbiome characteristics, and b) whether this relationship was dependent on reproductive context (i.e. whether females were gravid or not, and in those that were gravid, gestational stage). We show that the effects of CORT on gut microbiota are complex and depend on both gestational state and stage. CORT treatment altered microbial community membership and resulted in an increase in microbiome diversity in late-gestation females, and microbial community membership varied according to treatment. In non-gravid females, CORT treatment resulted in inter-individual variation in microbial communities, but this effect was not observed in late-gestation females. Our results highlight the need for a more holistic understanding of the downstream physiological effects of glucocorticoids, as well as the importance of context (here, gestational state and stage) in interpreting stress effects in ecology.</p>
FIG. 6. — m2 g in Le site paléontologique du Grand Morier (Pont-Boutard, Indre-et-Loire, France): contexte géologique et détail biostratigraphique des formations cénozoïques à partir des assemblages de vertébrés fossiles
FIG. 6. — m2 g. isolée de Diaceratherium aurelianense (Nouel, 1866) (994- PBT-5) reprise dans le conglomérat de base du falun à bryozoaires (Langhien à Tortonien inférieur, assemblage n°5).
FIG. 4 in Le site paléontologique du Grand Morier (Pont-Boutard, Indre-et-Loire, France): contexte géologique et détail biostratigraphique des formations cénozoïques à partir des assemblages de vertébrés fossiles
FIG. 4. — Colonne lithostratigraphique synthétique des différentes formations sédimentaires du site paléontologique du Grand Morier: A, argile à spongiaires (Sénonien); B, surface de contact entre les formations du Crétacé supérieur et le conglomérat siliceux; C, conglomérat siliceux (Crétacé terminal-Éocène); D, argile sableuse verte (Éocène); E, calcaire lacustre avec ses poches d'argile noire de décalcification à son sommet (Oligocène-Agénien supérieur); F, sable continental (Orléanien inférieur); G, surface érosive de la transgression miocène; H, calcarénite à strates oblique (Burdigalien supérieur- Langhien inférieur);I, surface érosive entre la calcarénite à strates obliques et le conglomérat miocène; J, conglomérat de la base des faluns à bryozoaires (Langhien-Tortonien inférieur); K, falun à bryozoaires (Tortonien); L, sable à graviers (Miocène terminal-Pliocène); M, limons des plateaux chapeautés par la terre végétale actuelle (Quaternaire-Actuel).
FIG. 3 in Le site paléontologique du Grand Morier (Pont-Boutard, Indre-et-Loire, France): contexte géologique et détail biostratigraphique des formations cénozoïques à partir des assemblages de vertébrés fossiles
FIG. 3. — Coupe géologique de direction ouest-est extraite de la carte géologique de Pont-Boutard (Fig. 2) passant par le site paléontologique du Grand Morier. L'échelle des altitudes est exagérée volontairement pour améliorer la lisibilité du graben de Pont-Boutard.
FIG. 1 in Le site paléontologique du Grand Morier (Pont-Boutard, Indre-et-Loire, France): contexte géologique et détail biostratigraphique des formations cénozoïques à partir des assemblages de vertébrés fossiles
FIG. 1. — Vue générale de la falunière du Grand Morier (Pont-Boutard, Indre-et-Loire, France) en exploitation en 1994.
FIG. 5 in Le site paléontologique du Grand Morier (Pont-Boutard, Indre-et-Loire, France): contexte géologique et détail biostratigraphique des formations cénozoïques à partir des assemblages de vertébrés fossiles
FIG. 5. — Colonnes lithostratigraphiques (Log 1, Log 2 et Log 3) levées sur le site paléontologique du Grand Morier pendant l'exploitation de la falunière. Leurs localisations exactes sont spécifiées sur la carte géologique de Pont- Boutard (Fig. 2): 1, argile sableuse verte (Éocène); 2, calcaire lacustre avec ses poches d'argile noire de décalcification à son sommet (Oligocène-Agénien supérieur); 3, sable continental (Orléanien inférieur); 4, calcarénite à strates oblique (Burdigalien supérieur-Langhien inférieur); 5, conglomérat de la base des faluns à bryozoaires (Langhien-Tortonien inférieur); 6, falun à bryozoaires (Tortonien); 7, limons des plateaux chapeautés par la terre végétale actuelle (Quaternaire-Actuel).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.