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558 results for “dry forest”
Data from: Evolutionary history of the flora of Mexico: dry forests cradles and museums of endemism
Mexico is considered an exceptional biogeographic area with a varied and unique endemic vascular flora that is estimated at half of the global total of approximately 24,500 species. However, spatial phylogenetic measures of biodiversity for this flora have not yet been estimated to understand how the Mexican flora assembled to form current vegetation. Patterns of species richness, weighted endemism, phylogenetic diversity and weighted phylogenetic endemism, as well as centers of neo- and paleo-endemism were determined to examine differences and congruence among these measures, and the implications of these results for conservation. Out from 24,445 vascular plant species 10,271 (42%) are endemic to Mexico. Areas of endemism and phylogenetic endemism were associated with zones of topographic complexity in the main mountain systems, in the deserts, and in isolated dry zones. Every single locality that seasonal tropical dry forests have been reported in Mexico was identified as an area of endemism. Areas of significant phylogenetic diversity were the most restricted and occurred in dry forests of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and of the Sierra de Chiapas. The highest phylogenetic clustering comprising neo- paleo- and super endemism was identified in the southern extreme of Mexico. The flora of Mexico bears a signature of mixed neo- and paleo-endemism, and areas of endemism occurred in dry forests. The majority of vascular plant ineages diverged in the Miocene (5-20 million of years ago) when arid environments expanded across the world. The position of Mexico in the middle of two landmasses and the presence of more than fifty percent of arid surface favored the establishment and diversification of tropical lineages adapted to extreme seasonality and to aridity that migrated from North America and from South America. Our results identified areas of elevated species richness and phylogenetic diversity and provide a foundation on which to propose conservation efforts in Mexico.
Data from: Impact of a hurricane on the herpetofaunal assemblages of a successional chronosequence in a tropical dry forest
Land‐use change is the main cause of deforestation and degradation of tropical forest in Mexico. Frequently, these lands are abandoned leading to a mosaic of natural vegetation in secondary succession. Further degradation of the natural vegetation in these lands could be exacerbated by stochastic catastrophic events such as hurricanes. Information on the impact of human disturbance parallel to natural disturbance has not yet been evaluated for faunal assemblages in tropical dry forests. To evaluate the response of herpetofaunal assemblages to the interaction of human and natural disturbances, we used information of pre‐ and post‐hurricane herpetofaunal assemblages inhabiting different successional stages (pasture, early forest, young forest, intermediate forest, and old growth forest) of dry forest. Herpetofaunal assemblages were surveyed in all successional stages two years before and two years after the hurricane Jova that hit the Pacific Coast of Mexico on October 2011. We registered 4093 individuals of 61 species. Overall, there were only slight effects of successional stage, hurricane Jova or the interaction between them on abundance, observed species richness and diversity of the herpetofauna. However, we found marked changes in estimated richness and composition of frogs, lizards, and snakes among successional stages in response to hurricane Jova. Modifications in vegetation structure as result of hurricane pass promoted particular changes in each successional stage and taxonomic group (anurans, lizards, and snakes). Secondary forests at different stages of succession may attenuate the negative effects of an intense, short‐duration, and low‐frequency natural disturbance such as hurricane Jova on successional herpetofaunal trajectories and species turnover.
Data from: Comparing forest structure and biodiversity on private and public land: secondary tropical dry forests in Costa Rica
Secondary forests constitute a substantial proportion of tropical forestlands. These forests occur on both public and private lands and different underlying environmental variables and management regimes may affect post‐abandonment successional processes and resultant forest structure and biodiversity. We examined whether differences in ownership led to differences in forest structure, tree diversity, and tree species composition across a gradient of soil fertility and forest age. We collected soil samples and surveyed all trees in 82 public and 66 private 0.1‐ha forest plots arrayed across forest age and soil gradients in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We found that soil fertility appeared to drive the spatial structure of public vs. private ownership; public conservation lands appeared to be non‐randomly located on areas of lower soil fertility. On private lands, areas of crops/pasture appeared to be non‐randomly located on higher soil fertility areas while forests occupied areas of lower soil fertility. We found that forest structure and tree species diversity did not differ significantly between public and private ownership. However, public and private forests differed in tree species composition: 11 percent were more prevalent in public forest and 7 percent were more prevalent in private forest. Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela odorata, and Astronium graveolens were more prevalent in public forests likely because public forests provide stronger protection for these highly prized timber species. Guazuma ulmifolia was the most abundant tree in private forests likely because this species is widely consumed and dispersed by cattle. Furthermore, some compositional differences appear to result from soil fertility differences due to non‐random placement of public and private land holdings with respect to soil fertility. Land ownership creates a distinctive species composition signature that is likely the result of differences in soil fertility and management between the ownership types. Both biophysical and social variables should be considered to advance understanding of tropical secondary forest structure and biodiversity.
Data from: Mapping tropical dry forest succession using multiple criteria spectral mixture analysis
Tropical dry forests (TDFs) in the Americas are considered the first frontier of economic development with less than 1% of their total original coverage under protection. Accordingly, accurate estimates of their spatial extent, fragmentation, and degree of regeneration are critical in evaluating the success of current conservation policies. This study focused on a well-protected secondary TDF in Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP) Environmental Monitoring Super Site, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We used spectral signature analysis of TDF ecosystem succession (early, intermediate, and late successional stages), and its intrinsic variability, to propose a new multiple criteria spectral mixture analysis (MCSMA) method on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) of HyMap image. Unlike most existing iterative mixture analysis (IMA) techniques, MCSMA tries to extract and make use of representative endmembers with spectral and spatial information. MCSMA then considers three criteria that influence the comparative importance of different endmember combinations (endmember models): root mean square error (RMSE); spatial distance (SD); and fraction consistency (FC), to create an evaluation framework to select a best-fit model. The spectral analysis demonstrated that TDFs have a high spectral variability as a result of biomass variability. By adopting two search strategies, the unmixing results showed that our new MCSMA approach had a better performance in root mean square error (early: 0.160/0.159; intermediate: 0.322/0.321; and late: 0.239/0.235); mean absolute error (early: 0.132/0.128; intermediate: 0.254/0.251; and late: 0.191/0.188); and systematic error (early: 0.045/0.055; intermediate: −0.211/−0.214; and late: 0.161/0.160), compared to the multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA). This study highlights the importance of SWIR in differentiating successional stages in TDFs. The proposed MCSMA provides a more flexible and generalized means for the best-fit model determination than common IMA methods.
FIGURE 2 in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Neoscirula aliciae sp. nov. female. A, hypostoma ventral view; B, hypostoma dorsal view; C, chelicera; D, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg I; E, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg II, dorsal view; F, tibia of leg III, dorsal view.
FIGURE 1. A–T & a–i in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 1. A–T & a–i Types of setae and tegument ornamentations A, attenuate solenidion (ats); B, blunt rod-like solenidion (bsl); C, small blunt rod-like solenidion (sbsl); D, candle-flame solenidion (cfsl); E, long blunt rod-like solenidion (lbsl); F, thick solenidion; G, thin tubercle; H, simple tactile setae (sts); I, simple tactile bent setae; J, spinelike setae; K. blunt spinelike setae; L, blunt setae; M, spinelike setae with bent appearance; N, setae duplex; O, setae duplex [microsetae (mst), and attenuate solenidium (ats)]; P, simple tactile setae on sclerotized plates with granulate tegument; Q, hollow dorsoterminal duplex setae (dt); R. tibiotarsal claw with two teeth on mesal margin, with bifid appearance; S, depression on tarsus I (dep); T, setose sensillae in cup-shaped pseudostigma. a-g, types of ornamentations: a, stout papillae; b, papillae; c, granulations and fine papillae; d, stout papillae; e, granulate and verrucate; f, small granulations in circular form and stout granulation central; g, finely papillate and granulate; h, papillae-bearing striations; i, subcuticular cells.
FIGURE 7. A–H in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 7. A–H. Neoscirula hoffmannae sp. nov. male. A, hypostoma dorsal view; B, hypostoma ventral view; C, chelicera; D, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg I, dorsal view; E, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg II, dorsal view; F, tibia of left leg III, dorsal view.
FIGURE 4 in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 4. Neoscirula baloghi sp. nov. female. A, hypostoma ventral view; B, hypostoma dorsal view; C, chelicera; D, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg I, dorsal view; E, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg II, dorsal view; F, tibia of left leg III, dorsal view.
FIGURE 6 in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 6. Neoscirula baloghi sp. nov. male. I, body dorsal view; J, body ventral view; K, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg I, dorsal view; L, genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg II, dorsal view; M, tibia of left leg III, dorsal view.
FIGURES 4–8. Australotymnes jipijapa 4 in A new genus and species of Eumolpinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the western dry forest of Ecuador
FIGURES 4–8. Australotymnes jipijapa 4, median lobe; 5, apical sclerite; 6, apex of median lobe; 7, ovipositor; 8, spermatheca.
FIGURE 14 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 14. Neighbour-Joining tree of 16S rDNA haplotypes (462 bp) of Aspidoscelis species. Bootstrap values (%) obtained by the NJ, ML and MP are shown. The substitution model selected for ML was the GTR model with rate variation among sites (+G), a proportion of invariable sites I = 0.4604 and a gamma distribution shape parameter of 0.4453. Asterisks indicate taxon with paraphyletic haplotypes.
FIGURE 9 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 9. Karyotype of Norops nebulosus, male (2n=30). Note the three pairs of heteromorphic chromosomes (pairs 5, 6 and 7).
FIGURE 4 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 4. Karyotype of Coleonyx elegans, female (2n = 31 and FN = 32). Note the single large metacentric (no. 1) that it is tentatively paired with two medium sized acrocentric chromosomes.
FIGURE 8 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 8. Neighbour-Joining tree of 16S rDNA haplotypes (455 bp) of Urosaurus species. Bootstrap values (%) obtained by the NJ, ML and MP are shown. The substitution model selected for ML was Tamura-Nei model (Tamura & Nei 1993) with rate variation among sites (+G), and a gamma distribution shape parameter of 0.0855.
FIGURE 3 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Neighbour-Joining tree of 16S rDNA haplotypes (511 bp) of Gerrhonotus species. Bootstrap values (%) obtained by the NJ, ML and MP are shown. The substitution model selected for ML was the Hasegawa, Kishino, Yano (HKY) model (Hasegawa et al. 1985) with rate variation among sites (+G), and a gamma distribution shape parameter of 0.2997.
FIGURE 11 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 11. Neighbour-Joining tree of 16S rDNA haplotypes (518 bp) of Plestiodon species. Bootstrap values (%) obtained by the NJ, ML and MP are shown. The substitution model selected for ML was the Generalised time reversible (GTR) model with rate variation among sites (+G), a proportion of invariable sites I = 0.5020 and a gamma distribution shape parameter of 0.3681.
FIGURE 2 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 2 (continued). I–J, Anolis nebulosus; K, Mabuya unimarginata; L. Plestiodon parvulus; M, Ameiva undulata; N, Aspidoscelis communis (young); O, Aspidoscelis lineattissima (young).
FIGURE 6 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 6. Karyotypes of Sceloporus melanorhinus; specimen CEAC15 male (2n = 39). Sex chromosomes are tentatively identified following Hall (1973, 2009).
FIGURE 7 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 7. Karyotype of Sceloporus utiformis, male (2n = 34). The smaller microchromosome represents the Y chromosome. The X chromosome is another unidentified microchromosome.
FIGURE 2 in Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Photos of studied species from the study area. A, Gerrhonotus cf. liocephalus; B, Coleonyx elegans; C, Phyllodactylus lanei; D, Hemidactylus frenatus; E, Sceloporus utiformis; F, Sceloporus utiformis (young); G, Sceloporus melanorhinus; H, Sceloporus melanorhinus (young).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.