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611 results for “eastern North America”
FIGURE 29 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 29. Distribution map of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) nelumbonis (Robertson). Heat map indicates predicted suitable range based on maximum entropy niche-modelling. Black circles indicate actual geo-referenced specimen records.
FIGURE 43 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 43. Faces of female Lasioglossum subgenera Evylaeus (A) and Sphecodogastra (B-I) in frontal view. (A) L. cinctipes. (B) L. boreale. (C) L. comagenense. (D) L. lusorium. (E) L. oenotherae. (F) L. quebecense. (G) L. seillean. (H) L. texanum (I) L. truncatum. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 20 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 20. Distribution map of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) foxii (Robertson). Heat map indicates predicted suitable range based on maximum entropy niche-modelling. Black circles indicate actual geo-referenced specimen records.
FIGURE 33 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 33. Lateral habitus of female Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) pectorale (Smith). Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 7. Genital capsule of male Lasioglossum subgenus Hemihalictus in dorsal view. (A) L. birkmanni. (B) L. fedorense. (C) L. foxii. (D) L. inconditum. (E) L. lustrans. (F) L. macoupinense. (G) L. nelumbonis. (H) L. pectinatum. (I) L. pectorale. (J) L. sopinci. (K) L. swenki. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 32 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 32. Distribution map of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) pectinatum (Robertson). Heat map indicates predicted suitable range based on maximum entropy niche-modelling. Black circles indicate actual geo-referenced specimen records.
FIGURE 25 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 25. Lateral habitus of male Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) macoupinense (Robertson). Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 45 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 45. Genital capsules of male Lasioglossum subgenera Evylaeus (A) and Sphecodogastra (B-I) in dorsal view. (A) L. cinctipes. (B) L. boreale. (C) L. comagenense. (D) L. lusorium. (E) L. oenotherae. (F) L. quebecense. (G) L. seillean. (H) L. texanum (I) L. truncatum. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 26 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 26. Distribution map of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) macoupinense (Robertson). Heat map indicates predicted suitable range based on maximum entropy niche-modelling. Black circles indicate actual geo-referenced specimen records.
FIGURE 1 in Revision and reclassification of <i>Lasioglossum</i> (<i>Evylaeus</i>), <i>L.</i> (<i>Hemihalictus</i>) and <i>L.</i> (<i>Sphecodogastra</i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 1. Forewings of female Lasioglossum with arrows indicating weak distal veins. (A) Individual with three submarginal cells. (B) Individual with two submarginal cells. Basal vein (b), pterostigma (pt). Numbers indicate submarginal cells. Modified from Gibbs (2010a).
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.
Carpophiline-ID: An interactive matrix-based key to the carpophiline sap beetles (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) of Eastern North America
<p>We present Carpophiline-ID, a matrix-based Lucid<sup>TM</sup> key, for the adult stage of the known species of Carpophilinae (<em>Coleoptera: Nitidulidae</em>) of North America, east of the Mississippi River. We provide an overview of the features and technical specifications used to build the key. The list of terminal taxa used in the key represents the most current regional account for Carpophilinae, a beetle subfamily of agricultural and ecological importance. We discuss the value of matrix-based, free access keys for the identification of difficult taxa.</p>
Data from: Effects of climate and topography on the diversity anomaly of plants disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and eastern North America
<p><b>Aim: </b>Differences in physiography have been proposed to explain the diversity anomaly for vascular plants between environmentally similar regions of eastern Asia (EAS) and eastern North America (ENA). Here, we use plant species within disjunct genera to examine whether differences in topography contribute to the diversity anomaly and whether the richness–environment relationships differ between regions. Disjuncts are used to ensure that the diversity anomaly relates to post-disjunction evolution and diversification rather than regional differences in clade ages or immigration.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>EAS and ENA.</p> <p><b>Time period:</b> Current.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied:</b> Plant taxa disjunctly distributed in EAS and ENA.</p> <p><b>Method:</b> We compiled county-level plant distribution data, and calculated species richness and variables of topography and climate within unit grid cells. We compared estimated coefficients of region effects among models, where richness was fitted with or without topography and climate. Topography and climate were also used to separately model within-region spatial diversity patterns using spatial simultaneous autoregressive error models.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>The coefficients of region effects varied from -0.776 for the model only including region to -0.309 when topography was controlled for, but remained significant. Climate dominated the spatial diversity patterns in ENA. In contrast, the influence of climate (14.2%) on species richness was weaker than that of topography (18.3%) in warm EAS. Relations to elevation and temperature varied between regions, shifting between positive and negative relationships in several cases.</p> <p><b>Main conclusion:</b> Our results demonstrate that variability in local topography contributes to the strong regional anomaly in plant species richness between EAS and ENA. Nevertheless, the diversity anomaly persists after controlling for local topography and climate. EAS and ENA also exhibit contrasting richness–environment relationships, providing another divergent aspect between the EAS-ENA disjunct floras. Our findings highlight that regional differences in topography or other environmental factors may underlie the diversity anomaly.</p>
Data from: Temporal and spatial comparisons of angiosperm diversity between eastern Asia and North America
<p>Eastern Asia (EA) and North America north of Mexico (NA) have comparable latitude, land area, and climate, but the overall plant diversity is much higher in EA than in NA. Despite intensive studies on disjunct taxa of the two regions, the temporal and spatial diversity patterns between the two floras remain unclear. Here we explore the floristic differences between EA and NA using the well-studied floras of China and the United States of America (USA) as exemplars, while also employing a newly generated dated phylogeny covering ~90% of the angiosperm genera of the two countries and comprehensive spatial distribution data. We find that China possesses both higher richness and phylogenetic diversity (PD) for angiosperm genera than the USA. Notably, most lineages contribute to the PD anomaly between the two floras, with 46 of 58 lineages having higher PD in China. Temporally, China has a higher proportion of genera that originated before the Miocene than are found in the USA (29.9% vs 23.2%). The eastern USA has more genera that originated during the Paleogene than does the western USA, but the reverse pattern is observed after the middle Miocene, with more genera originating in the west. Spatially, China shows a more distinct east-west deviation in diversity than the USA with eastern China possessing much higher generic richness and PD and more ancient lineages than western China. However, the eastern USA possesses lower generic richness, but higher PD and more ancient lineages than the western USA. Both the floras in China and the USA share a signature of an older east and a younger west, and this pattern may be largely driven by regional orogenic activities and climatic changes in the west of the two regions. Finally, our study indicates that more efforts are needed to enhance biodiversity conservation in southern China and the eastern USA by identifying and protecting phylogenetic diversity hotspots.</p>
FIGURE 224 in Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
FIGURE 224. Lasioglossum wheeleri (Mitchell) male, (A) lateral habitus, (B) face. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 222 in Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
FIGURE 222. Lasioglossum trigeminum Gibbs, new species male terminalia, (A) ventral view, (B) dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 215 in Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
FIGURE 215. Lasioglossum testaceum (Robertson) male, (A) lateral habitus, (B) face. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 211 in Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
FIGURE 211. Lasioglossum tarponense (Mitchell) male terminalia, (A) ventral view, (B) dorsal view, (C) S7 and S8. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 213 in Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
FIGURE 213. Lasioglossum testaceum (Robertson) female, (A) lateral habitus, (B) face. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 209 in Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini)
FIGURE 209. Lasioglossum tarponense (Mitchell) male, (A) lateral habitus, (B) face. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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