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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Alphafold2_ab_initio iterative predictions for folding intermediate identification

<p>Iterative structure predictions for protein PDB ids starts from 6.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Alphafold2_ab_initio iterative predictions for folding intermediate identification

<div>PDB ids start from 5 and 7.</div> <div> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Alphafold2_ab_initio iterative predictions for folding intermediate identification

<p><span>Iterative structure predictions for protein PDB ids starts from 2.</span></p>

FIGURE 8 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 8. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) comparisons of preserved paratype of Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. and specimens of Litoria angiana. Note much more slender build of the new species and presence of contrasting smooth and tuberculate areas on the thighs.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 7. Summary boxplots of meristic ratios for Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. and its sister taxon L. angiana. Key abbreviations are as follows: SVL—Snout to vent length; TL—tibia length; SHW—shank width; FA—forearm length; FAW—forearm width; HW—head width; HL—head length; and eye—eye diameter. Note that the hindlimbs and especially forearms of Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. are consistently longer and narrower than those of Litoria angiana.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 6. Upper montane forest habitat of Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. on Gigira Ridge at around 2,700 m a.s.l. in Hela Province, Papua New Guinea: A) view of canopy from above; and B) internal view of very wet mossy forest. Photographs by S. Richards.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 10. Maximum-Likelihood phylogeny for the torrent-breeding Litoria of New Guinea and selected outgroups estimated from a ~700 base pair region the ND4 gene. Note that samples of Litoria angiana from both east (Chimbu and Madang Provinces) and west (Western Province) of the type locality of L. skeliphros sp. nov. are closely related to each other and genetically divergent from L. skeliphros sp. nov.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of preserved holotype of Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. (SAMA R71746). Scale bar = 10 mm. Note long slender limbs and contrasting smooth and tuberculate regions on ventral surfaces of upper hindlimbs.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 3. Details of holotype of Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. (SAMA R71746) in life: A) ventral view of right hand; B) ventral view of right foot; C) details of unpigmented nuptial pad; D) hidden surfaces of anterior thighs and groin showing distinctive orange colouration; and E) posterior surfaces of thighs showing same orange colouration. Photographs by S. Richards.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 9. Colour variation in Litoria angiana, the sister taxon to Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. Litoria angiana is highly variable, but lacks orange in the groin and hidden areas of thighs and has a much more robust build. All photographs by S. Richards.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Litoria skeliphros sp. nov. (SAMA R71746) from Gigira Ridge, Hela Province, Papua New Guinea in A) lateral and B) frontal views. Photographs by S. Richards.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

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Data from: Bringing ecology blogging into the scientific fold: measuring reach and impact of science community blogs

The popularity of science blogging has increased in recent years, but the number of academic scientists who maintain regular blogs is limited. The role and impact of science communication blogs aimed at general audiences is often discussed, but the value of science community blogs aimed at the academic community has largely been overlooked. Here, we focus on our own experiences as bloggers to argue that science community blogs are valuable to the academic community. We use data from our own blogs (n = 7) to illustrate some of the factors influencing reach and impact of science community blogs. We then discuss the value of blogs as a standalone medium, where rapid communication of scholarly ideas, opinions, and short observational notes can enhance scientific discourse, and discussion of personal experiences can provide indirect mentorship for junior researchers and scientists from underrepresented groups. Finally, we argue that science community blogs can be treated as a primary source and provide some key points to consider when citing blogs in peer-reviewed literature.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Strain partitioning and localization due to heterogeneities in the fold - and - thrust belt 2 detachment: Analogue models of progressive arcs

<p>Although most arcuate orogens are deformed as progressive arcs–curvature is acquired during12shortening-, they have been scarcely simulated by analogue modelling. Our team work designed13a backstop that deformed in map view building up fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs) that acquire14progressively its curved shape (Jiménez-Bonilla et al., 2020); silicone and sand layers15reproduced the brittle-ductile conditions expected to be common in external tectonic wedges.16However, natural cases usually includeheterogeneities in the detachment such as diapirs,17thickness variations of the viscous layer or pinch outs. Based on the same progressive arc model18setup, we present here seven new experiments including these three types of heterogeneities.19Our results show that strain was partitioned between shortening structures whose transport20directions draw a radial pattern and normal faults and oblique strike-slip faults that21accommodate arc-lengthening. Moreover, any heterogeneity conditions the wedge evolution and22the nucleation of structures. Both diapirs and the presence of a silicone pinch-out perpendicular23to the apex movement favour that frontal deformation slows down and the wedge thickens up to24reach the supercritical angle. Interestingly, the presence of diapirs or silicone thickness25variations favour the arc-parallel stretching localization close to these heterogeneities. In26addition, silicone bands parallel to the apex movement generate different structural styles along27the FTB. More frictional detachments favour thicker wedges and less frontal propagation.28Transfer zones accommodate the differential displacement between FTB segments. These29results may be useful to investigate geometric and kinematic changes along natural progressive30arcs such as the Gibraltar, Sulaiman and Zagros cases</p>

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Folding and unfolding of the tryptophan zipper in the presence of two thioamide substitutions

<p>We studied the stability and folding and unfolding kinetics of the tryptophan zipper, containing dierent double thioamide subsitutions. Conformation change was triggered by photoisomerization of an integrated AMPP photoswitch in the turn region of the hairpin, and transient spectra were recorded in the deep UV and the mid-IR, covering the time window of the (un)folding transition from picoseconds to tens of microseconds. Thio-substitution of inward-pointing backbone carbonyls was found to strongly destabilize the β-hairpin structures, whereas molecules with two outward pointing thio-carbonyls showed similar or enhanced stability with respect to the unsubstituted sequence, which we attribute to stronger interstrand hydrogen bonding. Thiolation of the two Trp residues closest to the turn can even prevent the opening of the hairpin after cis-trans isomerization of the switch. The circular dichroism due to the two thioamide ππ∗ transitions is spectrally well-separated from the aromatic tryptophan signal. It changes upon photo-switching, reflecting a local change in coupling and geometry.</p>

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Figure 6. A–C, Potamonautes perlatus s.s in Disentangling the divergence and cladogenesis in the freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautes perlatus sensu lato) in the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa, with the description of two novel cryptic lineages

Figure 6. A–C, Potamonautes perlatus s.s. male neotype (SAM A45755): A, left gonopod 1, anterior view; B, left gonopod 1 posterior view; C, left gonopod 2 posterior view. D–F, Potamonautes barbarai sp. nov. male holotype (SAM A41061): D, left gonopod 1, anterior view; E, left gonopod 1 posterior view; F, left gonopod 2 posterior view; and G–I, Potamonautes barnardi sp. nov. male holotype (SAM A41013): G, left gonopod 1, anterior view; H, left gonopod 1 posterior view; I, left gonopod 2 posterior view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Figure 3. A in Disentangling the divergence and cladogenesis in the freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautes perlatus sensu lato) in the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa, with the description of two novel cryptic lineages

Figure 3. A consensus Bayesian inference phylogram of Potamonautes perlatus s.l. from the combined nuDNA (28S rRNA) and mtDNA (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA) data sets as well as outgroups. Node support values are shown by maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap values above and maximum parsimony (MP)/posterior probabilities of Bayesian inference (BI) below. Low bootstrap support (<75% for MP and ML) and posterior probability (<0.95 for BI) values are not shown. The * is indicative of nodes that are not statistically supported.

Figure 1. Sampling localities for Potamonautes perlatus s.l in Disentangling the divergence and cladogenesis in the freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautes perlatus sensu lato) in the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa, with the description of two novel cryptic lineages

Figure 1. Sampling localities for Potamonautes perlatus s.l. along rivers occurring on the Cape Fold Mountains. The black circles with adjacent numbers represent localities (see Table 1 for names).

Figure 2. A in Disentangling the divergence and cladogenesis in the freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautes perlatus sensu lato) in the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa, with the description of two novel cryptic lineages

Figure 2. A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram of the combined mtDNA sequences for the phylogenetic reconstruction of Potamonautes perlatus s.l. The ML node support is shown by bootstrap values above each branch (only values above 75% are shown). The values below the branches are bootstrap values for maximum parsimony (MP)/posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference (BI; the * indicates no support). The numbers next to each taxon name represent the individual specimens; no numbering is given to taxa for which the entire population occurs on one branch.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

FIGURE. Jamesonia congesta (Christ) Christenh., House et al., 4053 (EAP). A. 2-pinnate-pinnatifid laminae; B. Vein ending in a small marginal fold; C. Brownish rhizome trichomes. in Ferns and Lycophytes of Honduras: A new annotated checklist

FIGURE. Jamesonia congesta (Christ) Christenh., House et al., 4053 (EAP). A. 2-pinnate-pinnatifid laminae; B. Vein ending in a small marginal fold; C. Brownish rhizome trichomes.