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1,049 results for “height”
Pest defenses under weak selection exert a limited influence on the evolution of height growth and drought avoidance in marginal pine populations
<p>Whilst droughts, intensified by climate change, have been affecting forests worldwide, pest epidemics are a major source of uncertainty for assessing drought impacts on forest trees. Thus far, little information has documented the adaptability and evolvability of traits related to drought and pests simultaneously. We conducted common-garden experiments to investigate how several phenotypic traits (i.e., height growth, drought avoidance based on water-use efficiency inferred from δ<sup>13</sup>C, and pest resistance based on defense traits) interact in five mature lodgepole pine populations established in four progeny trials in western Canada. The relevance of interpopulation variation in climate sensitivity highlighted that seed-source warm populations had greater adaptive capability than cold populations. In test sites, warming generated taller trees with higher δ<sup>13</sup>C and increased the evolutionary potential of height growth and δ<sup>13</sup>C across populations. We found, however, no pronounced gradient in defenses and their evolutionary potential along populations or test sites. Response to selection was weak in defenses across test sites, but high for height growth, particularly at warm test sites. Response to selection of δ<sup>13</sup>C varied depending on its selective strength relative to height growth. We conclude that warming could promote the adaptability and evolvability of growth response and drought avoidance with limited evolutionary influence from pest (biotic) pressures.</p>
Supporting data sets for "Estimating Carbon Fixation of Plant Organs for Afforestation Monitoring using a Process-based Ecosystem Model and Ecophysiological Parameter Optimization". (the survey of tree breast diameter and tree height in 11-year old Eucommia ulmoides plantation, values of simulation results used in figures and tables.)
<p>Supporting data sets for Miyauchi et al., Ecology and Evolution, 2019 (accepted).</p> <p>The files store: </p> <p>(1) The survey of tree breast diameter and tree height in <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> plantation<em>.</em> The ring and stem analysis and dry weight of seven harvested sample trees in the plantation.</p> <p>(2) Values of optimization result used fig.7.</p> <p>(3) Values of prediction result used fig.8. and table 4.</p> <p>(4) Values of optimized parameters by optimization methods, parameter range and constrain.</p>
Рис. 4. Раковины видов Melanoididae иЗ термальных источников: А – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ (Памир), высота раковины 16 мм; В – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ, высота раковины 15 мм; С – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev иЗ теплого источника ХадЖа-Кайнар (юго-восток Туркмении), высота раковины 23 мм. Фото З. ИЗЗатуллаева, 1976, 1980 гг. Fig. 4. Shells of the Melanoididae species from thermal springs: A – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz (Pamir), shell height 16 mm; B – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz, shell height 15 mm; C – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Khadzha-Kainar (south-eastern Turkmenistan). Photo by Z. Izzatullaev, 1976, 1980. in Patterns of ecology and life cycles of aquatic molluscs from Central Asia
Рис. 4. Раковины видов Melanoididae иЗ термальных источников: А – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ (Памир), высота раковины 16 мм; В – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ, высота раковины 15 мм; С – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev иЗ теплого источника ХадЖа-Кайнар (юго-восток Туркмении), высота раковины 23 мм. Фото З. ИЗЗатуллаева, 1976, 1980 гг. Fig. 4. Shells of the Melanoididae species from thermal springs: A – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz (Pamir), shell height 16 mm; B – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz, shell height 15 mm; C – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Khadzha-Kainar (south-eastern Turkmenistan). Photo by Z. Izzatullaev, 1976, 1980.
Рис. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: леваЯ створка снаружи (A), иЗнутри (B). Длина раковины 26.4 мм, высота – 47.3 мм; C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): леваЯ створка снаружи (C), иЗнутри (D). Длина раковины 71.0 мм, высота – 39.9 мм. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): леваЯ створка снаружи (E), праваЯ створка иЗнутри (F). Длина раковины 70.8 мм, высота – 44.5 мм, толЩина – 36.7 мм. Fig. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: left valve (A) outside, (B) inside. Shell length 26.4 mm, height – 47.3 mm. C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): left valve (C) outside, (D) inside. Shell length 71.0 mm, height – 39.9 mm. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): left valve (E) outside, right valve (F) inside. Shell length 70.8 mm, height – 44.5 mm, thickness – 36.7 mm. in On the species composition of marine bivalves of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve (northern Primorye, Japan/East Sea)
Рис. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: леваЯ створка снаружи (A), иЗнутри (B). Длина раковины 26.4 мм, высота – 47.3 мм; C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): леваЯ створка снаружи (C), иЗнутри (D). Длина раковины 71.0 мм, высота – 39.9 мм. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): леваЯ створка снаружи (E), праваЯ створка иЗнутри (F). Длина раковины 70.8 мм, высота – 44.5 мм, толЩина – 36.7 мм. Fig. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: left valve (A) outside, (B) inside. Shell length 26.4 mm, height – 47.3 mm. C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): left valve (C) outside, (D) inside. Shell length 71.0 mm, height – 39.9 mm. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): left valve (E) outside, right valve (F) inside. Shell length 70.8 mm, height – 44.5 mm, thickness – 36.7 mm.
Рис. 2. A – Ancistrolepis grammatus (Dall, 1907): высота 81.5 мм, MIMB 28439; B – Buccinum kinukatsugi Habe et Ito, 1968: высота 53.6 мм, MIMB 28438; C – Buccinum pemphigus Dall, 1907: высота 92.5 мм, MIMB 28431; D – Neptunea insularis (Dall, 1895): высота 102.2 мм, MIMB 28436; E – Neptunea intersculpta (Sowerby, 1899): высота 151.0 мм, MIMB 28437; F – Neptunea convexa Goryachev, 1987: высота 117.3 мм, MIMB 28441; G – Latisipho siphonoides (Dall, 1913): высота 10.0 мм, MIMB 28440; H – Lussivolutopsius memmi Kantor, 1990: высота, 70.0 мм, MIMB 28443. Fig. 2. A – Ancistrolepis grammatus (Dall, 1907): shell height 81.5 мм, MIMB 28439; B – Buccinum kinukatsugi Habe et Ito, 1968: shell height 53.6 мм, MIMB 28438; C – Buccinum pemphigus Dall, 1907: shell height 92.5 мм, MIMB 28431; D – Neptunea insularis (Dall, 1895): shell height 102.2 мм, MIMB 28436; E – Neptunea intersculpta (Sowerby, 1899): shell height 151.0 мм, MIMB 28437; F – Neptunea convexa Goryachev, 1987: shell height 117.3 мм, MIMB 28441; G – Latisipho siphonoides (Dall, 1913): shell height 10.0 мм, MIMB 28440; H – Lussivolutopsius memmi Kantor, 1990: shell height, 70.0 мм, MIMB 28443. in Rare and interesting deep-sea finds of the buccinid gastropods (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Sea of Okhotsk
Рис. 2. A – Ancistrolepis grammatus (Dall, 1907): высота 81.5 мм, MIMB 28439; B – Buccinum kinukatsugi Habe et Ito, 1968: высота 53.6 мм, MIMB 28438; C – Buccinum pemphigus Dall, 1907: высота 92.5 мм, MIMB 28431; D – Neptunea insularis (Dall, 1895): высота 102.2 мм, MIMB 28436; E – Neptunea intersculpta (Sowerby, 1899): высота 151.0 мм, MIMB 28437; F – Neptunea convexa Goryachev, 1987: высота 117.3 мм, MIMB 28441; G – Latisipho siphonoides (Dall, 1913): высота 10.0 мм, MIMB 28440; H – Lussivolutopsius memmi Kantor, 1990: высота, 70.0 мм, MIMB 28443. Fig. 2. A – Ancistrolepis grammatus (Dall, 1907): shell height 81.5 мм, MIMB 28439; B – Buccinum kinukatsugi Habe et Ito, 1968: shell height 53.6 мм, MIMB 28438; C – Buccinum pemphigus Dall, 1907: shell height 92.5 мм, MIMB 28431; D – Neptunea insularis (Dall, 1895): shell height 102.2 мм, MIMB 28436; E – Neptunea intersculpta (Sowerby, 1899): shell height 151.0 мм, MIMB 28437; F – Neptunea convexa Goryachev, 1987: shell height 117.3 мм, MIMB 28441; G – Latisipho siphonoides (Dall, 1913): shell height 10.0 мм, MIMB 28440; H – Lussivolutopsius memmi Kantor, 1990: shell height, 70.0 мм, MIMB 28443.
The global 30-m mangrove canopy height map for 2020
<p><span>The global mangrove canopy height map with a resolution of 30 m for 2020 (GlobeMCH_2020_30m_v1) was generated by integrating the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), Sentinel-2 optical images and other ancillary data based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The coordinate system of the GlobeMCH_2020_30m_v1 is World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) and the unit of the mangrove canopy height value is meter. The GlobeMCH_2020_30m_v1 was divided into 101 files, and the range of each file is 11°×11° (10° + 1° buffer).</span></p>
Forest segmentation of multi-source national forest inventory biomass rasters and canopy height model from 2021
<p>The dataset is produced at Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and the study is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Holisoils, grant agreement No 101000289).</p> <p>Source data (multi-source National Forest Inventory, MS-NFI and peatland fertility map of Finland) of varying resolution (10m -16m) was reprojected to 10mx10m resolution from which stand polygons were formulated based on automatic segmentation and regional minimum size limit for a stand.</p> <p>The dataset is a file geodatabase with 5 regional layers, all including the polygons of stands with stand attributes based on MS-NFI 2021 information on the site type, fertility class, dominant height, basal area, diameter, age, volume as total and per tree species, total and aboveground biomass as total and per tree species.</p> <p>Coordinate system: ETRS-TM35FIN (EPSG:3067)</p>
FCH and FS Datasets for the paper "Integrating Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data for Mapping Boreal Forest Canopy Height and Species in interior Alaska in Support of Radar Modeling"
<p>This dataset provides forest canopy height and forest species in Delta Junction, interior Alaska in 2017. This dataset was produced based on the multi-source remote sensing datasets (AirMOSS, UAVSAR, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, topography), using a XGBoost approach.</p>
Фототаблица 2 Plate 2 A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, высота 91.3 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 49.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 47.5 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 95.0 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 45.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, г. ЧхондЖин, рынок, длина 65.9 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 70.8 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38378/Bv-5784. A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell height 91.3 mm, ZMFU no. 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 49.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 47.5 mm, ZMFU no. 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 95.0 mm, ZMFU no. 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 45.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Chongjin City, market, shell length 65.9 mm, ZMFU no. 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 70.8 mm, ZMFU no. 38378/Bv-5784. in On the bivalve molluscan fauna of North Hamgyong Province (North Korea)
Фототаблица 2 Plate 2 A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, высота 91.3 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 49.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 47.5 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 95.0 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 45.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, г. ЧхондЖин, рынок, длина 65.9 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 70.8 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38378/Bv-5784. A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell height 91.3 mm, ZMFU no. 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 49.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 47.5 mm, ZMFU no. 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 95.0 mm, ZMFU no. 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 45.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Chongjin City, market, shell length 65.9 mm, ZMFU no. 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 70.8 mm, ZMFU no. 38378/Bv-5784.
Fig. 2 in Effect of the height and distribution pattern of pheromone-baited traps on the capture of Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) on blue agave (Asparagales: Asparagaceae)
Fig. 2. Mean (+ SE) numbers and sex ratios of Scyphophorus acupunctatus weevils captured per trap with various distribution pattern of traps in the field. Treatments with similar letters are not significantly different (Tukey's test, a = 0.05).
Fig. 1 in Effect of the height and distribution pattern of pheromone-baited traps on the capture of Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) on blue agave (Asparagales: Asparagaceae)
Fig. 1. Distribution and arrangement of traps in the experiment of distribution pattern of traps, using 4 treatments: 1) traps placed in a triangle pattern with an inter-trap distance of 100 m; 2) traps placed a square with an inter-trap distance of 100 m; 3) traps placed in a triangle with an inter-trap distance of 200 m; and 4) traps placed in a square with an inter-trap distance of 200 m.
Data for "Bar to bank height ratio sets bank erosion rate"
<p>CaseA1_Q20Zbar15Zbank35_initial.csv ~ CaseB6_Q30Zbar45Zbank45_last.csv: Survey data of riverbed topography at the beginning of the experiment (_initial.csv) and at the end of the experiment (_last.csv). The first line of each file indicates the number of measurement points, and the second and subsequent lines indicate the x, y, and z coordinates.</p> <p>velocity results.zip: Results of flow velocity analysis using iRIC Nays2DH. The ipro files stored in the zip can be opened by installing the free software "iRIC" (https://i-ric.org/en/). Please refer to the manual and the examples (https://i-ric.org/en/solvers/nays2dh/) for how to view calculation results and calculation conditions.</p> <p>bar height and near bank velocity.xlsx: Table on bar height and near-bank velocity for each case.</p> <p> </p>
Hunter-gatherer child and adolescent height and tricep skinfold measures
<p>Despite agreement that humans have evolved to be unusually fat primates, adipose patterning among hunter-gatherers has received little empirical consideration. Here we consider the development of adiposity among four contemporary groups of hunter-gatherers, the Aka, Savanna Pumé, Ju'/Hoansi and Agta using multi-level generalized additive mixed modeling (GAMM) to characterize growth of tricep skinfolds from early childhood through adolescence. In contrast to references, hunter-gatherers show several consistent patterns: 1) children are lean with little fat accumulation; 2) no adiposity rebound at 5 years is evident; 3) girls on average build 90% of their body size, and reach menarche when adiposity is at its maximum velocity; 4) a metabolic tradeoff is evident in young, but not older children, such that both boys and girls prioritize skeletal growth during middle childhood, a tradeoff that diminishes during adolescence when height velocity increases in pace with fat accumulation. Consistent results across hunter-gatherers living in diverse environments suggests that these patterns reflect a general forager pattern of development. The findings provide a valuable baseline for adipose development not apparent from reference populations. We emphasize both generalized trends among hunter-gatherers, and that inter-populational differences point to the plasticity with which humans organize growth and development.</p>
GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS)
<h1><strong>Important note: If you get a message that .zip archive is corrupt, please try updating WinRAR or <em>right-click the folder and</em> <em>select Extract All on Windows or use unzip command on Linux terminal</em>. If the issue persists, email: kamath.harsh@utexas.edu</strong></h1> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong> </p> <p>We introduce GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS), a dataset providing building heights and urban canopy parameters (UCPs) for major cities worldwide. UT-GLOBUS combines open-source spaceborne altimetry (ICESat-2 and GEDI) and coarse resolution urban canopy elevation data with a random forest model to estimate building-level information. Validation using LiDAR data from six U.S. cities showed UT-GLOBUS-derived building heights had an RMSE of 9.1 meters, and mean building height within 1-km² grid cells had an RMSE of 7.8 meters. Testing the UCPs in the urban Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Urban) model resulted in a significant improvement (~55% in RMSE) in intra-urban air temperature representation compared to the existing table-based local climate zone approach in Houston, TX. Additionally, we demonstrated the dataset's utility for simulating heat mitigation strategies and building energy consumption using WRF-Urban, with test cases in Chicago, IL, and Austin, TX. Street-scale mean radiant temperature simulations using the SOlar and LongWave Environmental Irradiance Geometry (SOLWEIG) model, incorporating UT-GLOBUS and LiDAR-derived building heights, confirmed the dataset’s effectiveness in modeling human thermal comfort at Baltimore, MD (daytime RMSE = 2.85°C). Thus, UT-GLOBUS can be used for modeling urban hazards with significant socioeconomic and ecological risks, enabling finer scale urban climate simulations and overcoming previous limitations due to the lack of building information.</p> <p><strong>Data</strong></p> <p>We are also supplying a vector file to represent the data coverage, and this file will receive updates as data for new city is added. Building-level data is accessible in vector file format (GeoPackage: .gpkg), which can be converted into raster file format (geoTIFF). These formats are compatible with the SUEWS and SOLWEIG models for the simulation of urban energy balance and thermal comfort. The vector files employ the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. Both the vector and raster files are compatible with GIS platforms like QGIS and ArcGIS and can be imported for analysis using programming languages such as Python. We are also providing UCPs required by the BEP-BEM urban model in the urban WRF system in binary file format. Additionally, we provide the urban fractions calculated using ESA world cover dataset (https://esa-worldcover.org/en) for WRF model in binary file format. These files can be directly incorporated into the WRF pre-processing system (WPS). The UT-GLOBUS UCPs are determined using a moving kernel with a size of 1 km2 and spacing of 300 meters in both the X and Y directions</p> <p><strong>Data coverage</strong></p> <p>The 'Coverage_xxxx.gpkg' files provide that geographical extents of cities that are included in our dataset.</p> <p><strong>How to find your city in the UT-GLOBUS dataset</strong></p> <p>Open the 'coverage' geopackage (.gpkg) files in QGIS or ArcGIS. Click on the city polygons and get the 'Label'/City name. Find a folder with the same 'Label'/City name. All the data for the periticular city will be in the folder.</p> <p><strong>How to run BEP-BEM model in WRF using UT-GLOBUS urban canopy parameters</strong></p> <div>Step 0: Before compiling WRF, go to 'dyn_em' folder and open 'module_initialize_real.F'.</div> <div>Change line 3121 (in version 4.5.2): </div> <div>From </div> <div>grid%HI_URB2D(i,k,j) = grid%URB_PARAM(i,k+117,j) </div> <div>To</div> <div>grid%HI_URB2D(i,k,j) = grid%URB_PARAM(i,k+117,j)*100.</div> <div> </div> <div>1. Change the name of the binary files 'ufrac' and 'urb_param' inside 'urb_fra' and 'GLOBUS_morph' folders, respectively to 00001-tile_x.00001-tile_y.</div> <div>Values for tile_x and tile_y can be found in the index file inside the 'urb_fra' and 'GLOBUS_morph' folders. Make sure to append zeros before tile_x and tile_y values to make 5 digits. </div> <div>Ex: tile_x = 260 and tile_y = 219; Then the binary files should be renamed as 00001-00260.00001-00209 </div> <div> </div> <div>2. Copy the 'urb_fra' and 'GLOBUS_morph' folders to WRF static data directory.</div> <div> </div> <div>3. Change the paths to 'URB_PARAM' and 'FRC_URB2D' variables inside GEOGRID.TBL file as follows:</div> <div> </div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=URB_PARAM</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> optional=yes</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> z_dim_name=num_urb_params</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/GLOBUS_morph/</div> <div> flag_in_output=FLAG_URB_PARAM</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=FRC_URB2D</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> optional=yes</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/urb_fra/</div> <div> flag_in_output=FLAG_FRC_URB2D</div> <div>===============================</div> <div> </div> <div>4. Run geogrid.exe. If the domain covers the chosen city:</div> <div> -- 'FRC_URB2D' variable will show the urban fraction.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[91,:,:]' will show the plan area fraction.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[94,:,:]' will show the area averaged building heights.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[95,:,:]' will show the building surface to total area fraction.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[118-132,:,:]' will show the building height histograms with 5-meter bin size.</div> <div> </div> <div>5. If you see the data in 'FRC_URB2D' and 'URB_PARAM' variables after running the geogrid.exe, GLOBUS data is ingested in WPS and you can continue with ungrib and metgrid as usual.</div> <div> </div> <div>6. For running the model over the domain area which covers more that one city, UT-GLOBUS UCPs can be stitched together. For instance, if two cities are covered in the domain, step number 3 should be modified as follows:</div> <div> </div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=URB_PARAM</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> z_dim_name=num_urb_params</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path=Your_WPS_static_data_folder/GLOBUS_morph_for_city-1/ </div> <div>flag_in_output=FLAG_URB_PARAM</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=FRC_URB2D</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/urb_fra_for_city-1/</div> <div> flag_in_output=FLAG_FRC_URB2D</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=URB_PARAM</div> <div> priority=2</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> z_dim_name=num_urb_params</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/GLOBUS_morph_for_city-2/</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=FRC_URB2D</div> <div> priority=2</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/urb_fra_for_city-2/</div> <div>===============================</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>References</strong></div> <div> <ol> <li>Skamarock, W., Klemp, J., Dudhia, J., Gill, D., Liu, Z., Berner, J., Wang, W., Powers, J., Duda, M., Barker, D., Huang, X., 2021. A Description of the advanced research WRF model.</li> <li>Martilli, A., Clappier, A., Rotach, M.W., 2002. An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models. Boundary Layer Meteorol 104, 261–304. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016099921195</li> <li>Sun, T., Grimmond, S., 2019. A Python-enhanced urban land surface model SuPy (SUEWS in Python, v2019.2): Development, deployment and demonstration. Geosci Model Dev 12, 2781–2795. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2781-2019</li> <li>Lindberg, F., Holmer, B., Thorsson, S., 2008. SOLWEIG 1.0 - Modelling spatial variations of 3D radiant fluxes and mean radiant temperature in complex urban settings. Int J Biometeorol 52, 697–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-008-0162-7</li> <li>Software: QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/)</li> </ol> </div>
Fig. 4 in Disruption of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in citrus: effect of blend and placement height, longevity of disruption and emission profile of a new dispenser
Fig. 4. Pheromone release profiles for DCEPT CLM™ (closed circles) and SPLAT CLM™ (open circles). DCEPT CLM data (top graph) are mean (± SD) percentage of initial amount of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal remaining in the dispensers (n = 10). SPLAT CLM points are equivalent data previously published (Stelinski et al. 2010). The amount of pheromone released (bottom graph) was calculated as the mean difference in pheromone remaining from the preceding period.
Fig. 1 in Disruption of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in citrus: effect of blend and placement height, longevity of disruption and emission profile of a new dispenser
Fig. 1. Mean ± SEM number of male Phyllocnistis citrella captured in pheromone-baited traps in untreated control plots (filled circles, n = 9) and in pheromonetreated plots (open circles, n = 14) of grapefruit at Emerald grove, St. Lucie County, Florida, USA. Triangles are mean ± SEM (n = 14) percentage trap catch disruption (right y axis). Insert: DCEPT CLM dispenser. Rubber disk is 1.2 cm in diameter; white plastic hanger is 3.5 × 4.3 cm.
Turkish Straits System - Sea Surface Height
<p>Sea surface height daily mean estimates from a six-year simulation of Turkish Straits System (TSS) using high-resolution unstructured triangular mesh ocean model FESOM between 2008-2013. Other variables are provided separately.</p> <p>The mesh files are appended to the dataset for processing purposes.</p> <p>Aydogdu, A., Pinardi, N., Ozsoy, E., Danabasoglu, G., Gurses, O., and Karspeck, A.: Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing, Ocean Sci., 14, 999-1019, doi:10.5194/os-14-999-2018, 2018.'</p>
◂Fig. 17 Iberozospeum costulatum n. sp. (a–e) holotype, 1.43 mm height [MNCN 15.05/200128, ex. ZUPV 1952], Mina del Pedreo (Bizkaia: Arcentales; 43.26800 -3.21402, 440 m). (f–g) paratype shells from the type locality [ZUPV 1952, F: juvenile shell, G: shell of 1.51 mm height. (h–i) no paratype shell of 1.48 mm height [ZUPV 3807] from Cueva del Cesáreo (Cantabria: Liérganes: Extremera; 43.32034 -3.72279, 258 m). (j–k) paratype shells from Cueva de Cuvias Negras (Cantabria: Soba: Asón; 43.25132 -3.60688, 250 m) [CSQS·w/o nº]. (l) no paratype shell from Cueva del Cesáreo [CSQS·w/o nº]. Photos a–i by Carlos Prieto; j–l by Sergio Quiñonero and Álvaro Alonso in Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)
◂Fig. 17 Iberozospeum costulatum n. sp. (a–e) holotype, 1.43 mm height [MNCN 15.05/200128, ex. ZUPV 1952], Mina del Pedreo (Bizkaia: Arcentales; 43.26800 -3.21402, 440 m). (f–g) paratype shells from the type locality [ZUPV 1952, F: juvenile shell, G: shell of 1.51 mm height. (h–i) no paratype shell of 1.48 mm height [ZUPV 3807] from Cueva del Cesáreo (Cantabria: Liérganes: Extremera; 43.32034 -3.72279, 258 m). (j–k) paratype shells from Cueva de Cuvias Negras (Cantabria: Soba: Asón; 43.25132 -3.60688, 250 m) [CSQS·w/o nº]. (l) no paratype shell from Cueva del Cesáreo [CSQS·w/o nº]. Photos a–i by Carlos Prieto; j–l by Sergio Quiñonero and Álvaro Alonso
Global Mangrove Height at 30 m Pixel Resolution
<p>Here we present the first global mangrove height map at 30 m pixel resolution, derived from field data and NASA's SRTM datasets.</p>
Text-fig. 7.—A, Ratio (H/L) of height of maxilla (at anterior margin of antorbital recess) to length of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess), plotted against length (L) of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess). Length scale in cm. B, Ratio (D/L) of depth of dentary ramus to length of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess), plotted against length of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess). Length scale in cm. in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana
Text-fig. 7.—A, Ratio (H/L) of height of maxilla (at anterior margin of antorbital recess) to length of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess), plotted against length (L) of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess). Length scale in cm. B, Ratio (D/L) of depth of dentary ramus to length of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess), plotted against length of maxilla (to anterior margin of antorbital recess). Length scale in cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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