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289 results for “hydraulics”
Water potential gradient, root conduit size and root xylem hydraulic conductivity determine the extent of hydraulic redistribution in temperate trees
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Hydraulic architecture with high-fraction of root resistance
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Are leaf, stem and hydraulic traits good predictors of individual tree growth? (FUN2FUN project)
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Hydraulic hysteresis of unsaturated pyroclastic soils: experimental investigation and model calibration
<p>In many geotechnical applications, especially in the study of weather-induced landslides, a reliable soil hydraulic characterization under unsaturated conditions is required. Currently, the experimental techniques neglecting hydraulic hysteresis represent the greatest limitation to landslide forecasting. Here, experimental data from a new procedure to obtain an unsaturated soil hydraulic characterization are reported. These allows us to evaluate the soil hydraulic properties not only along the main drying path but also along wetting/drying cycles. Pyroclastic soil samples collected at a test site located at Mount Faito in the Campania region (southern Italy) were tested. The experimental investigation consisted of a forced evaporation test followed by a number of wetting-drying cycles. </p>
WASHTREET - Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experimental data obtained in an urban drainage physical model
<p><strong>WASHTREET</strong><strong> -</strong> <strong>Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experimental data obtained in an urban drainage physical model.</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the results from the tests carried out at a laboratory physical model in the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Centre for Technological Innovation in Construction and Civil Engineering (CITEEC) at the University of A Coruña (Spain) as part of the <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/washtreet">WASHTREET project</a>. The objective of the project is to perform a series of high-resolution experiments where urban surface wash-off and sediment transport through gully pots and pipes were accurately measured in laboratory-controlled conditions in a separate drainage system.</p> <p>The experimental facility is a 36 m2 full-scale street section and consists of a rainfall simulator placed over a concrete street surface with two gully pots that drain runoff into an underground pipe system. Further details of the physical model are provided in ‘1_Physical_model_description.pdf’. Two zip files with rain intensity distributions (‘2_Rain_intensity_maps.zip’) and model topographies (‘3_Elevation_data.zip’) complete physical model information as accurately measured inputs for hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experiments. ‘4_Hydraulic_tests_description.pdf’ describes experimental procedure, equipment, measuring points, results and data set files of the hydraulic characterization of the experiments. Data regarding these hydraulic tests is included in ‘5_Hydraulic_tests.zip’. In these tests, flow in both gully pots and in the pipe system outlet, and a total of 6 surface and 6 pipe depths were measured by ultrasound distance sensors for the different simulated rains.</p> <p>‘6_Washoff_tests_description.pdf’ includes information of the experimental initial conditions, the different sediment granulometries used, measuring points, experimental procedure and result files regarding wash-off and sediment transport experiments. Data files of a total of 23 tests are included in ‘7_Wash-off_tests.zip’. In these experiments, an initial mass of sediment is distributed over the model surface, and the wash-off and sediment transport processes are measured during a steady and uniform rainfall by total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distribution (PSD) samples at the entrance of gully pots and at the pipe system outlet. Online turbidity measurements at pipe system outlet, pipe depths and flow at pipe system outlet are also measured during the experiments. Results regarding mass balances, which are performed at the end of the experiment to assess the final distribution of sediments, are also included. At last, some relevant photos and videos taken during the experiments are provided in ‘8_Multimedia.zip’. </p> <p>Flow measurements have been used in Naves et al. (2019) (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003</a>), together with the related datasets <a href="http://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3239401">WASHTREET - PIV data</a> and <a href="http://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3241337">WASHTREET - Structure from Motion data</a>, to calibrate a 2D shallow water model.</p> <p>The WASHTREET project is being developed in the scope of the PhD thesis of the first author, which is in receipt of a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities predoctoral grant [FPU14/01778]. The project also receive funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under POREDRAIN project RTI2018-094217-B-C33 (MINECO/FEDER-EU)</p> <p> </p> <p>Derived publications:</p> <ul> <li>Naves, J., Anta, J., Suárez, J., & Puertas, J. (2020). Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experiments in a full-scale urban drainage physical model. <em>Scientific Data</em>, <em>7</em>(1), 1-13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0384-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0384-z</a></li> <li>Naves, J., Rieckermann, J., Cea, L., Puertas, J., & Anta, J. (2020). Global and local sensitivity analysis to improve the understanding of physically-based urban wash-off models from high-resolution laboratory experiments. <em>Science of The Total Environment</em>, <em>709</em>, 136152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136152">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136152</a></li> <li>Naves, J., Anta, J., Puertas, J., Regueiro-Picallo, M., & Suárez, J. (2019). Using a 2D shallow water model to assess Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques in a street-scale urban drainage physical model. <em>Journal of Hydrology</em>, <em>575</em>, 54-65. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003</a></li> <li>Naves, J., Anta, J., Suárez, J., & Puertas, J. (2020). Development and Calibration of a New Dripper-Based Rainfall Simulator for Large-Scale Sediment Wash-Off Studies. <em>Water</em>, <em>12</em>(1), 152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010152">https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010152</a></li> </ul>
Data from: Evaluation of parametric and nonparametric machine-learning techniques for prediction of saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity
Parametric and nonparametric supervised machine learning techniques were used to estimate saturated and near saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ks, K10) from easily measurable soil properties including name of pedological horizon (HOR), soil texture (sand, silt & clay), organic matter (OM), bulk density (BD) and water contents (θpF1, θpF2, θpF3 and, θpF4.2) measured at four different matric heads (-10, -100, -1000, and -15848 cm). Using a stepwise linear model (SWLM) and the Lasso regression as parametric methods with 316 data in training and 135 data in testing phase, four pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were obtained in which water contents for both methods play an important role compared to other variables. SWLM showed better performance than Lasso in the testing phase for log(Ks) and log(K10) prediction with RMSE of 0.666 and 0.551 cm d-1 and R2 of 0.26 and 0.65. Nonparametric supervised machine learning methods trained and tested with similar data set significantly improved the accuracy of Ks prediction with R2 of 0.52, 0.36 and 0.53 for Gaussian regression process (GPR), support vector machine (SVM) and Ensemble (ENS) method in the testing stage. These methods also described 74.9, 66.7 and 72.5% of the variation of log(K10). Bootstrapping method validated the strong performance of nonparametric techniques. Feature selection capability of GPR determined that instead of using a model with all predictors, HOR, silt, θpF1 and θpF3 are sufficient for the prediction of log(Ks) or log(K10), HOR, silt, and OM can predict as accurate as the comprehensive model with all variables.
Figure 2 from: Sampaio FAC, Rufino MS, Pompeu PS, Santos HA, Ferreira RL (2020) Hydraulic flow resistance of epigean and hypogean fish of the family Trichomycteridae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes). Subterranean Biology 35: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.35.55064
Figure 2 Experimental apparatus for testing fish swimming capacity and resistance to flow: A centrifugal pump which creates the water flow B central testing section C connection for fish entrance to and removal from the central testing section D screens to keep fish in the central testing section E flow rate gauge F frequency converter which was used to change pump rotation and, consequently, the flow velocity in the central testing section G water tank and H water cooler.
Figure 3 from: Sampaio FAC, Rufino MS, Pompeu PS, Santos HA, Ferreira RL (2020) Hydraulic flow resistance of epigean and hypogean fish of the family Trichomycteridae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes). Subterranean Biology 35: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.35.55064
Figure 3 Relationship between absolute critical speed (ln) and total length and standard length, for T. itacarambiensis.
Data from: Leaf photosynthetic, economics and hydraulic traits are decoupled among genotypes of a widespread species of eucalypt grown under ambient and elevated CO2
Leaf economics and hydraulic traits strongly influence photosynthesis. While the level of coordination among these traits can differ between sets of species, leaf functional trait coordination within species remains poorly understood. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 commonly influence the expression of leaf photosynthetic, economics and hydraulic traits in contrasting ways, yet the effect of variable concentrations of atmospheric CO2 on patterns of trait coordination within species remains largely untested. We examined the relationships among key leaf photosynthetic (e.g. net photosynthesis and photosynthetic biochemistry), economics and water-use (e.g. leaf mass per unit area and stomatal conductance) and hydraulic traits (e.g. vein density) in 14 genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in ambient (aCO2) and elevated (eCO2) [CO2]. We examined the level of coordination among leaf traits in aCO2 and then assessed whether growth in eCO2 altered that coordination. We found that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity, economics and water-use, and hydraulics were decoupled among genotypes grown in aCO2, yet strong relationships were generally observed among suites of traits within each 'functional group'. Significant responses to growth in eCO2 were observed for most leaf photosynthetic and economics and water-use traits, with the magnitude and direction of the response varying among traits. In contrast, leaf hydraulics traits were unaffected by variable growth CO2. Despite this, growth in eCO2 did not substantially alter patterns of leaf trait coordination observed in aCO2. These results suggest suites of leaf traits associated with photosynthetic capacity, economics and water-use and hydraulics, respectively, can form independent axes of variation among genotypes of a single species, regardless of growth CO2. Although growth in eCO2 did not substantially alter patterns of trait coordination, decoupling of leaf functional traits among genotypes may allow genetically distinct populations to produce novel combinations of traits that may be adaptive in response to changes in their local environment.
Estimation of auto-covariance of log hydraulic conductivity from Generalized Sub-Gaussian porosity and particle size random fields: Dataset
<p>Dataset of d10 analyzed in section 4.</p>
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC OILS FOR GROUND EQUIPMENT
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Supplementary Data for Manuscript "Examining the mid to long-term variability in saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils and its influencing factors under constant head test in the laboratory"
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Sediment hydraulic conductivity of a large fresh water lake
<p>This dataset measured the hydraulic conductivity of lake sediment in Poyang Lake area, China. The data is observed by field investigation, samplings and in-situ tests. The results will be helpful to learn the sediment structure and characteristics in the large fresh lake area. Data will be available on request.</p>
Xylem hydraulics and non-structural carbohydrate contents in 15 temperate tree species
<p class="1CxSpFirst">In humid temperate forests, the occurrence of frequent freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) is a main factor limiting tree growth, as xylem embolism induced by FTC poses a serious threat to the hydraulic integrity of trees. A high resilience to hydraulic dysfunction involves the enhancement of embolism resistance and/or extra non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) inputs for restoration of an impaired hydraulic system. However, potentially negative implications of such NSC allocation on tree growth have not yet been explored.</p> <p class="1CxSpMiddle">At a temperate forest site of northeast China, we studied xylem hydraulics and NSC contents in relation to winter embolism resilience in 15 sympatric broadleaf tree species belonging to three genera with relatively high species richness, 6 <i>Acer</i> species, 5 <i>Betula</i> species and 4 <i>Populus</i> species.</p> <p class="1CxSpLast"><i>Acer</i> and <i>Betula</i> species had higher soluble sugar contents in the dormant season and indeed had higher hydraulic resilience to FTC induced embolism but slower stem growth. <i>Populus</i> species had higher NSC contents during the growing season and their faster stem growth was also consistent with higher hydraulic efficiency (Ks) and leaf photosynthetic rate.<span> The positive correlation between tree </span><span>trunk</span><span> radial growth rate and hydraulic conductivity suggests that</span><span> xylem water transport efficiency can be a fundamental basis for tree productivity due to a significant hydraulic-photosynthetic coordination</span><span>. The negative correlation between soluble sugar concentration in the dormant season and stem growth rate indicates that </span>metabolic carbon costs for enhancing hydraulic resilience may compromise tree growth during the growing season.</p> <p>Comparisons among <i>Acer</i>, <i>Betula</i> and <i>Populus</i> and the correlation analyses based on phylogenetic independent contrasts strongly support the existence of a trade-off between hydraulic resilience against FTC induced embolism and growth rate among sympatric tree species under humid temperate climate conditions. This trade-off has likely contributed to the sorting of temperate tree species and genera to different niches along environmental gradients with respect to freezing stress and interspecific competition.</p>
Developmental and water deficit-induced changes in hydraulic properties and xylem anatomy of tomato fruit and pedicel
<p><span>Xylem water transport from the parent plant into the fruit plays a crucial role in fruit growth, development, and quality formation. Current research on fruit hydraulics has attempted to partition the hydraulic resistance of the pathway over development. However, no consensus has been reached and this question has not been addressed in the context of changing plant and fruit water status under water deficit. We rigorously investigated the developmental changes of hydraulic property of the fruit and pedicel under well-irrigated condition and water deficit based on hydraulic measurements, fruit rehydration, dye tracing, light and electron microscopy, and flow modeling. A decline in water transport capacity did not occur in the pathway prior to the fruit, but within the fruit itself, which might lie in the xylem and/or outside-xylem pathway. The developmental pattern of pathway hydraulic resistance was not significantly influenced by water deficit. The changed xylemic water flow between the fruit and the parent plant due to a reduced driving force under water deficit could explain the reduced fruit water accumulation. This work provides new insights into the understanding of xylem water transport in fleshy fruits and its sensitivity to water deficit from a hydraulics perspective.</span></p>
Data set for hydraulic fracture interactions with discontinuities study
<p>Data set used to generate results for hydraulic fracture interaction with discontinuities study</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Dang NA, Jackson BM, Tomscha SA, Lilburne L, Burkhard K, Tran DD, Phi LH, Benavidez R (2022) Guidelines and a supporting toolbox for parameterising key soil hydraulic properties in hydrological studies and broader integrated modelling. One Ecosystem 7: e76410. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e76410
Supplementary Material S1
Supplementary material 2 from: Dang NA, Jackson BM, Tomscha SA, Lilburne L, Burkhard K, Tran DD, Phi LH, Benavidez R (2022) Guidelines and a supporting toolbox for parameterising key soil hydraulic properties in hydrological studies and broader integrated modelling. One Ecosystem 7: e76410. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e76410
Supplementary Material S2
Supporting Data:A pleiotropic 'stretch' phenotype is associated with metaxylem vessel element length, axial hydraulic conductance, root elongation, water utilization, and drought adaptation in maize.
<p>These data were collected to assess how xylem perforation plates affect water use strategies in maize (<em>Zea mays </em>L.) under water deficit through empirical studies in controlled environments and in the field. In this work, our goals were to explore the extent of intraspecific variation for the structure of perforation plates within an annual monocot and assess how this variation affects transport and use of water under drought stress. Specifically, we test the hypotheses that (1) simple perforation plates have a significant effect on water transport, (2) intraspecific variation exists for these features in maize, and (3) this variation affects water use strategies under drought stress. </p>
Pluvial Flood Emulation with Hydraulics-informed Message Passing
<p>Dataset used in <a href="https://github.com/kanz76/ComGNN">Pluvial Flood Emulation with Hydraulics-informed Message Passing</a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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