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518 results for “life history traits”
Fig. 2 in Density dependent variation in the life history traits of mottled emigrant butterfly, Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Fig. 2. The proportion of survivorship of C. pyranthe in different initial larval rearing density (ranging from 1 through 4). Рис. 2. ДолЯ выживШих C. pyranthe при раЗной начальной плотности выраЩиваниЯ личинок (от 1 до 4).
Fig. 1 in Density dependent variation in the life history traits of mottled emigrant butterfly, Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Fig. 1. The outline of the experimental design followed for the evaluation of the density dependent effects on the life history traits of the butterfly C. pyranthe. Рис. 1. План Эксперимента, испольЗованный длЯ оценки влиЯниЯ плотности на особенности жиЗненного цикла бабочки C. pyranthe.
Fig. 3 in Density dependent variation in the life history traits of mottled emigrant butterfly, Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Fig. 3. The differences in the life history traits of C. pyranthe considering male and female separately under intraspecific competitions in minimalist form of density of the individuals The life history traits considered are (a) age at pupation (AP, in days), (b) pupal weight (PW, in mg), (c) adult weight (AW, in mg), (d) adult length (AL, in mm), (e) forewing length (FWL, in mm), (f) forewing breadth (FWB, in mm), (g) hindwing length (HWL, in mm), and (h) hindwing breadth (HWB, in mm). Рис. 3. РаЗличиЯ приЗнаков жиЗненного цикла C. pyranthe с учетом самцов и самок отдельно при внутривидовой конкуренции в минималистской форме плотности особей. (b) масса куколки (PW, в мг), (c) масса вЗрослой особи (AW, в мг), (d) длина вЗрослой особи (AL, в мм), (e) длина переднего крыла (FWL, в мм), (f) Ширина переднего крыла (FWB, в мм), (g) длина Заднего крыла (HWL, в мм) и (h) Ширина Заднего крыла (HWB, в мм).
Figure 2 in Nesting biology of the plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli): an antbird with exceptional life history traits
Figure 2. Nest attentiveness throughout the incubation period for one nest of the Plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli) located in the buffer zone of Manu National Park, Peru. A Generalised Linear Model for nest attentiveness using sensor data (black) and camera trap data (grey) was fitted to the data. Each dot represents the percentage of time spent in the nest per day. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for the nest attentiveness estimated from sensor data (Pearson' r = 0.68, p <0.01).
Figure 5 in Nesting biology of the plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli): an antbird with exceptional life history traits
Figure 5. Biparental effort for the Plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli) nest. Generalised Linear Model fitted to the observed values for biparental behaviour. Including the incubation (a-b), brooding (c-d), provisioning for nestling (e) and foraging trips (f). Females are indicated by blue triangles and males are indicated by black circles. Grey shading indicates 95% confidence interval. Observations were made by camera trapping of nests located at 400 m.a.s.l. in the buffer zone of Manu National Park, Peru.
Figure 4 in Nesting biology of the plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli): an antbird with exceptional life history traits
Figure 4. Nestling development of the plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli). Day 1 nestlings were naked with dusky grey skin, the next day the buds of pin feathers were visible under the skin. Day 3 the first pin feathers erupt and started growing rapidly. Day 4 the buds of pin feathers were visible under the skin; after two days the first pin feathers erupt and started growing rapidly. At day 7 feathers emerged from the pins. At fledging nestlings exhibited a female-like colouration.
Life history traits in two Drosophila species differently affected by microbiota diversity under lead exposure
<p><em>We investigated the influence of population origin and heavy metal exposure to the diversity of microbiota in two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila subobscura grown in laboratory on lead (II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)<sub>2</sub>) saturated substrate. The composition of microbiota in larvae and adults was determined by sequencing (NGS) of the V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene.</em></p>
Density-by-diet interactions during larval development shape adult life-history trait expression and fitness in a polyphagous fly
<p><span>Habitat quality early in life determines individual fitness, with possible long-term evolutionary effects on groups and populations. In holometabolous insects, larval ecology plays a major role in determining the expression of traits in adulthood, but how ecological conditions during larval stage interact to shape adult life-history and fitness, particularly in non-model organisms, remains subject to scrutiny. Consequently, our knowledge of the interactive effects of ecological factors on insect development is limited. Here, using the polyphagous fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i>, we conducted a fully-factorial design where we manipulated larval density and larval diet (protein-rich, standard, and sugar-rich) to gain insights into how these ecological factors interact to modulate adult fitness. As expected, a protein-rich diet resulted in faster larval development, heavier and leaner adults that were more fecund compared with standard and sugar-rich diets, irrespective of larval density. Females from the protein-rich larval diet had overall higher reproductive rate (i.e., eggs per day) than females from other diets, and reproductive rate decreased linearly with density for females from the protein-rich but non-linearly for females from the standard and sugar-rich diets over time. Surprisingly, adult lipid reserve increased with larval density for adults from the sugar-rich diet (as opposed to decreasing, as in other diets), possibly due to a stress-response to an extremely adverse condition during development (i.e., high intraspecific competition and poor nutrition). Together, our results provide insights into how ecological factors early in life interact and shape the fate of individuals through life-stages in holometabolous insects. </span></p>
Data from: The relationship between pathogen life history traits and metapopulation dynamics
<p>Plant pathogen traits, such as transmission mode and overwintering strategy, may have important effects on dispersal and persistence, and drive disease dynamics. Still, we lack insights into how life-history traits influence spatiotemporal disease dynamics.</p> <p>We adopted a multifaceted approach, combining experimental assays, theory and field surveys, to investigate whether information about two pathogen life-history traits, infectivity and overwintering strategy, can predict pathogen metapopulation dynamics in natural systems. For this, we focused on four fungal pathogens (two rust fungi, one chytrid fungus and one smut fungus) on the forest herb <i>Anemone nemorosa.</i></p> <p>Pathogens infecting new plants mostly via spores (the chytrid and smut fungi) had higher patch occupancies and colonization rates than pathogens mainly causing systemic infections and overwintering in the rhizomes (the two rust fungi). While the rust fungi more often occupied well-connected plant patches, the chytrid and smut fungi were equally or more common in isolated patches. Host patch size was positively related to patch occupancy and colonization rates for all pathogens.</p> <p>Predicting disease dynamics is crucial to understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of host-pathogen interactions, and to prevent disease outbreaks. Our study shows that combining experiments, theory and field observations is a useful way to predict disease dynamics.</p>
Data from: Life histories as mosaics: plastic and genetic components differ among traits that underpin life-history strategies
<p>Life-history phenotypes emerge from clusters of traits that are the product of genes and phenotypic plasticity. If the impact of the environment differs substantially between traits, then life histories might not evolve as a cohesive whole.</p> <p>We quantified the sensitivity of components of the life history to food availability, a key environmental difference in the habitat occupied by contrasting ecotypes, for 36 traits in fast-and slow-reproducing Trinidadian guppies. Our dataset included six putatively independent origins of the slow-reproducing, derived ecotype.</p> <p>Traits varied substantially in plastic and genetic control. Twelve traits were influenced only by food availability (body lengths, body weights), five only by genetic differentiation (inter-birth intervals, offspring sizes), ten by both (litter sizes, reproductive timing), and nine by neither (fat contents, reproductive allotment). Ecotype-by-food interactions were negligible. The response to low food was aligned with the genetic difference between high- and low-food environments, suggesting that plasticity was adaptive.</p> <p>The heterogeneity among traits in environmental sensitivity and genetic differentiation reveals that the components of the life history may not evolve in concert. Ecotypes may instead represent mosaics of trait groups that differ in their rate of evolution.</p>
Data for: Warmer temperatures limit the effects of antidepressant pollution on life history traits
<p>Pharmaceutical pollutants pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Yet, few studies have considered the interaction between pharmaceuticals and other chronic stressors contemporaneously, even though the environmental challenges confronting animals in the wild seldom, if ever, occur in isolation. Thermal stress is one such environmental challenge that may modify the threat of pharmaceutical pollutants. Accordingly, we investigated how fluoxetine (Prozac), a common psychotherapeutic and widespread pollutant, interacts with temperature to affect life-history traits in the water flea, <i>Daphnia magna</i>. We chronically exposed two genotypes of <i>Daphnia</i> to two ecological relevant concentrations of fluoxetine (30ng/L and 300ng/L) and a concentration representing levels used in acute toxicity tests (3000ng/L), and quantified the change in phenotypic trajectories at two temperatures (20°C and 25°C). Across multiple life-history traits, we found that fluoxetine exposure impacted the fecundity, body size and intrinsic growth rate of <i>Daphnia</i> in a non-monotonic manner at 20°C, and often in genotypic-specific ways. At 25°C, however, the life-history phenotypes of individuals converged under the widely varying levels of fluoxetine, irrespective of genotype. Our study underscores the importance of considering the complexity of interactions that can occur in the wild when assessing the effects of chemical pollutants on life-history traits.</p>
Divergence in life-history traits among three populations of the sea snake Emydocephalus anulatus
<p><span>Life-history traits such as rates of growth, survival and reproduction can vary though time within a single population, or through space among populations, due to abiotically-driven changes in resource availability. In terrestrial reptiles, parameters such as temperature and rainfall generate variation in life-histories – but other parameters likely are more important in marine systems. We studied three populations of sea snakes (<em>Emydocephalus annulatus</em>) in adjacent bays in the IndoPacific archipelago of New Caledonia. The extreme philopatry of individual snakes allows us to unambiguously allocate each animal to one of the three populations. Although water temperatures and rainfall do not differ over this small scale, one site experiences more intense winds, restricting opportunities for foraging. Our 18-year mark-recapture dataset (>1,200 snakes, >2,400 captures) reveals significant divergence among populations in life-history traits. Survival rates and population densities were similar among sites, but snakes at the most wind-exposed site (Anse Vata) exhibited lower body condition, slower growth, less frequent production of litters, and smaller litters. Weather-driven variation in feeding rates thus may affect life-history traits of marine snakes as well as their terrestrial counterparts, but driven by different parameters (e.g., wind exposure rather than variation in temperatures or rainfall).</span></p>
Figure 9 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 9. Percentage of Mecicobothrium thorelli individuals in each category on the surveyed dates. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.
Figure 6 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 6. (a) Proportion of juvenile and adult individuals found in small (<35 cm) and large refuges (> 35 cm). (b) Selectivity of Mecicobothrium thorelli for different sizes of refuges. Values above 1, equal to 1, and below 1 indicate positive selectivity, no selectivity, and negative selectivity, respectively.
Figure 5 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 5. Individuals' mean temperature, substrate and refuges where they were found on the surveyed dates.
Figure 4 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 4. Environmental temperature (°C) and relative humidity (RH%) registered at the four levels in the study site.
Figure 7 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 7. Total number of individuals of the different categories. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.
Figure 3 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 3. (a) Individual of Mecicobothrium thorelli (yellow arrow) in a refuge found under a rock. (b) Photographic record of an individual of Mecicobthruim thorelli on the acrylic device with calibrated paper.
Figure 4 in Antibiotics effects on the life history traits of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Oniscidea)
Figure 4. (a) Mean size of reproductive females (mm) and (b) fertility (different letters indicate that the values differ significantly at p<.05).
Lifetime reproductive output and life-history traits of lizards
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim: </b>Latitudinal gradients in life-history traits are apparent in many taxa and are expected to be strong for ectotherms that have temperature-driven constraints on performance and fitness. The strength of these gradients, however, should also be affected by diet. Because diet type (carnivory, omnivory, herbivory) influences accessibility to nutrition and assimilation efficiency, we aim to study how diet affects latitudinal gradients in lifetime reproductive output and the underlying life-history traits in ectotherms.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location: </b>Global.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Time period: </b>Recent.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Lizards (Reptilia, Squamata, Sauria).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b>We used empirical (352 species) and phylogenetically imputed data (563 species) to analyse the interactive effects of latitude and diet on life-history traits (longevity, age at maturity, reproductive lifespan, hatchling mass, clutch/brood size, clutch/brood frequency, female mass) and lifetime reproductive output of lizards.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results: </b>Lifetime reproductive output does not significantly differ in lizards across diet types, and only carnivores exhibit a small increase at higher latitudes. Diet type, however, influences latitudinal patterns of individual life-history traits. Carnivores exhibit a shift towards "slower-paced" life-histories at higher latitudes for most traits (increased longevity, age at maturity, reproductive lifespan, and decreased clutch frequency). By contrast, herbivores either display "faster-paced" life-histories (reduction in reproductive lifespan, hatchling mass, female mass) or no change (clutch frequency, clutch size, age at maturity) at higher latitudes. Omnivores exhibit intermediate and muted latitudinal patterns.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>We suggest that the nutritional challenges of herbivory, compounded by thermal constraints at higher latitudes, may explain differences in life-history characteristics of herbivorous ectotherms. Intermediate patterns exhibited by omnivores highlight how flexibility in diet can buffer environmental challenges at higher latitudes. Our results indicate that lizards with different diet types display various trends in their life-histories across latitudes, which eventually balance out to result in similar reproductive outputs throughout their lifetime, with little benefits to carnivory.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.