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313 results for “locomotion”
Comprehensive analysis of locomotion dynamics in the protochordate Ciona intestinalis reveals how neuromodulators flexibly shape its behavioral repertoire.
<p>This record contains (as of 2022-06-27) datasets corresponding to the study of behavior in swimming <em>Ciona intestinalis</em> larvae (controls and drug treated animals) that were recorded in our behavioural setups. In particular, it contains:</p> <ol> <li>multi-point tracking data of the larvae obtained using the Tierpsy Tracker (developed by Andre Brown's lab, MRC LMS).</li> <li>features like curvature, speed etc calculated from the tracking data</li> <li>results of time-series analyses (matrix-profiling, hidden markov modelling, spatio-temporal clustering) performed on the feature dataset</li> <li>Hidden Markov Models trained for inferences</li> </ol>
Data from: Distributed rhythm generators underlie Caenorhabditis elegans forward locomotion
Coordinated rhythmic movements are ubiquitous in animal behavior. In many organisms, chains of neural oscillators underlie the generation of these rhythms. In C. elegans, locomotor wave generation has been poorly understood; in particular, it is unclear where in the circuit rhythms are generated, and whether there exists more than one such generator. We used optogenetic and ablation experiments to probe the nature of rhythm generation in the locomotor circuit. We found that multiple sections of forward locomotor circuitry are capable of independently generating rhythms. By perturbing different components of the motor circuit, we localize the source of secondary rhythms to cholinergic motor neurons in the midbody. Using rhythmic optogenetic perturbation, we demonstrate bidirectional entrainment of oscillations between different body regions. These results show that, as in many other vertebrates and invertebrates, the C. elegans motor circuit contains multiple oscillators that coordinate activity to generate behavior.
Figure 14 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 14. Articular movement of the pteroid. A, lateral view of the right distal syncarpal, medial carpal, and pteroid of Coloborhynchus robustus, with the carpopteroid joint positioned at maximum extension (pteroid at maximum elevation), showing the position of the joint axis. The pteroid points forwards and downwards 15° below the horizontal. B, (A) in dorsal view, also showing the radius, ulna, proximal syncarpal, and wing metacarpal, with all joints in their respective close-packed positions. C, (A) in anterior view. D, lateral view of the wrist, with the carpopteroid joint partially flexed (pteroid at maximum depression). The pteroid points downwards 50° below the horizontal. E, dorsal view of (D). F, anterior view of (D). The pteroid is beginning to swing medially, towards the body. G, Lateral view of the wrist, with the carpopteroid joint at maximum flexion. H, dorsal view of (G), with the pteroid apparently pointing medially. I, anterior view of (G), showing the true ventromedial orientation of the pteroid at maximum flexion. The pteroid points downwards 25° below the horizontal. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 3 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 3. Reconstruction of the axial skeleton and left wing of Anhanguera santanae in dorsal view (A), and a virtual fleshed-out reconstruction of the axial skeleton and right wing in ventral (B), and anterior (C) views. Principal limb bones are laid out end-to-end. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1. Scale bar: 500 mm.
Figure 4 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 4. Linear scatter plots of log-transformed length measurements of the long bones of selected ornithocheirid specimens from the Santana Formation. A, scapula. B, humerus. C, radius. D, wing-metacarpal. E, wing-finger phalanx 1. F, wing-finger phalanx 2. G, wing-finger phalanx 3. H, femur. I, tibiotarsus.
Figure 6 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 6. Diagrammatic anterior view of the left pectoral girdle of a typical ornithocheirid. For a list of anatomical/ arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 28 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 28. As in Fig. 27, but with the humeri at the limit of depression and protraction, and the elbows set 10° short of the limit of flexion. Scale bar: 500 mm.
Figure 12 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 12. Reconstruction of the right wrist of Coloborhynchus robustus in dorsal view according to descriptions provided by Bennett (2001, 2006), with a sesamoid bone within the distal cotyle of the medial carpal, and the pteroid articulating on the side of the medial carpal. The postulated trajectory of the wing-finger metacarpal extensor tendon, in which the sesamoid is embedded, is also shown. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1. Scale bar: 50 mm.
Figure 20 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 20. Methods of achieving longitudinal balance and positive stability without a tail. A, sweepback coupled with washout. The aft-situated tips are at a negative incidence with respect to the forward-situated wing root. B, reflex camber.
Figure 16. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 16. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right knuckle joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Figure 7: wing metacarpal in lateral view and wing-finger phalanx 1 in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position and the joint axis. C, right wing metacarpal and wing-finger phalanx 1 in the close-packed position in dorsal aspect, viewed along the joint axis. D, Right wing metacarpal and wing-finger phalanx 1 at maximum flexion in dorsal aspect, viewed along the joint axis, which remains fixed with respect to the wing metacarpal throughout flexion. E, cross section X–X′ of the wing metacarpal viewed medially, with the proximal end of wing-finger phalanx 1 behind, and with the knuckle joint at maximum extension. F, Cross section X–X′ of the wing metacarpal viewed medially, with the proximal end of wing-finger phalanx 1 viewed from behind, with the knuckle joint at maximum flexion. The broken line indicates the position that wing-finger phalanx 1 would take if no conjunct rotation took place during flexion: this position is impossible, as the posterior part of the articular head of wing-finger phalanx 1 would overlap the shaft of the wing metacarpal. For a list of anatomical/ arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 17 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 17. Three-dimensional virtual model of Anhanguera santanae, showing the positions and orientations of the principal joint axes of the limbs. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 8 in The effects of locomotion on the structural characteristics of avian limb bones
Figure 8. Section modulus ratio versus humeral cortical bone percentage in cross-section (at midshaft). Section modulus ratio is corrected for bone element length and natural log-transformed. Symbols and labels are as for Figure 2, except that X's denote hyperaerials.
Active impact and locomotion in robotic matter with nonlinear work cycles
<p>Dataset corresponding to the publication<em> Active impact and locomotion in robotic matter with nonlinear work cycles</em> (accessible on arXiv: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.08837">arXiv:2108.08837</a>)</p> <p> </p>
A loop-type modular soft robot with integrated locomotion and manipulation capability
<p>Modular Soft Robot.</p>
Fig. 3. Reconstructions and a in The origin of ammonoid locomotion
Fig. 3. Reconstructions and a simplified cladogram of one bactritid and nine primitive ammonoids from Early and Middle Devonian (from left to right: Lobobactrites, Cyrtobactrites, Kokenia, Metabactrites, Anetoceras, Erbenoceras, Chebbites, Talenticeras, Mimagoniatites, Agoniatites). Note the change in the orientation of the aperture and the increase of soft body volume in relation to the conch diameter. The morphology of the soft body is largely speculative. The number and proportion of arms, however, is here supposed to have been similar to coleoids, because of similarities in embryonic shell, radula and beak morphology between ammonoids and coleoids (Landman et al. 1997; Tanabe and Fukuda 1999). Additionally, the presence of a hood as in Recent Nautilus is presumed based on the absence of jaw apparatuses in early ammonoids which were suitable as a lid for the aperture. In the cladogram (modified after Korn 2001, see this article also for the character matrix) with the most important evolutionary steps among Devonian ammonoids, those taxa not discussed in detail are marked with an asterisk.
Fig. 4 in The origin of ammonoid locomotion
Fig. 4. Transformations in conch morphology of eight primitive ammonoids from the Early and Middle Devonian (from bottom to top: Kokenia, Metabactrites, Anetoceras, Erbenoceras, Chebbites, Talenticeras, Mimagoniatites, Agoniatites). Subdivision of the coiling modes is slightly arbitrary, especially the differentiation between the crioconic and the cyrtoconic state. In that case, it was the intention to clarify the changes in coiling and not to quantify the curvature. Consequently, this imprecision appeared justifiable. In the left column, the body chamber length (BCL) is given at the top right, the angle of the orientation of the aperture (OA) at the bottom left and a code for the coiling mode (ontogeny) at the bottom right. The second column displays the complete conchs with the colour code for the coiling modes (white—cyrtoconic, subtle curvature; light grey—crioconic, distinctly curved, but whorls not in contact; medium grey—advolute, whorls close or touching; dark grey—evolute, whorls slightly overlapping). Columns three to six show the isolated conch parts sorted according to the coiling mode.
Environmental drivers of adult locomotion and reproduction in a symbiont-hosting sea anemone
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Data from: The speed–curvature power law in Drosophila larval locomotion
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Data from: Requirements and limits of anatomy-based predictions of locomotion in terrestrial arthropods with emphasis on arachnids
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Data from: Speed dependency in α-motoneuron activity and locomotor modules in human locomotion: indirect evidence for phylogenetically conserved spinal circuits
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.