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FIGURE 1 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 1. Geographic location map of the Volhynian fossil-bearing sites: 1 – Brykiv; 2 – Vilkhovets; 3 – Kolubaivtsi; 4 – Khotin; 5 – Hrushivtsi; 6 – Khonkivtsi; 7 – Karpov Yar (Naslavcea); 8 – Darabani; 9 – Ghireni; 10 – Cordăreni; 11 – Hănești; 12 – Mitoc; 13 – Drăgușeni; 14 – Stâncești; 15 – Leucucești; 16 – Basarabi; 17 – Stăuceni; 18 – Erbiceni; 19 – Românești; 20 – Aroneanu; 21 – Voinești; 22 – Amvrosiivka; 23 – Saur-Mohyla.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Supplementary Dataset for `Imbalanced speciation pulses sustain the radiation of mammals`

Supplementary Dataset for Quintero, I., Lartillot, N. and Morlon, H. `Imbalanced speciation pulses sustain the radiation of mammals`, Science. This dataset contains all the simulations and the empirical data and results for Mammals using the birth-death diffusion (BDD) diversification models. These dataset were produced with the Tapestree.jl package for the Julia software. Moreover, it contains the fossil data and resulting extinction curves using PyRate as well as other files. Please read the README.md file for detailed description.

FIGURE 5 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 5. Marine mammals from the Volhynian beds of the Moldavian Platform: A – Phocinae indet. 2, scapula and caudal vertebra, Stăuceni; B – Kentriodon fuchsii, a lumbar vertebra, dorsal and posterior view, Basarabi; C – Kentriodontidae indet. 1 (cf. Imerodelphis thabagarii), lumbar vertebra, dorsal and anterior view, Saur-Mohyla; D – Kentriodontidae indet. 2, caudal vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Stăuceni; E – Kentriodontidae indet. 2, thoracic vertebra, anterior view, Stâncești; F – Kentriodontidae indet. 3, caudal vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Stăuceni; G – Pachyacanthus sp., thoracic vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Vilkhovets; H – Cetotheriidae indet., caudal vertebra, dorsal and lateral view, Stăuceni; I-J –? Mysticeti indet. ("Archaeocetus fockii"), rib fragment, lateral view and cross-section (I), caudal vertebra (J), dorsal and lateral view, Drăgușeni. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A–I and 5 cm in J.

FIGURE 4 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 4. The partial skeleton of a true seal (Phocinae indet. 1) from the Volhynian beds of Kolubaivtsi (Ukraine). Scale bar equals 10 cm.

FIGURE 6 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 6. The periotic bone of Kentriodon fuchsii from the Volhynian of Stăuceni (Romania) in ventral (A), lateral (B), and posterior view (C). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; ap, anterior process; fc, ventral foramen of the facial canal; fo, fenestra ovalis; fr, fenestra rounda; pbf, posterior bullar facet; pc, pars cochlearis; pb, periotic body; pp, posterior process; vt, ventrolateral tuberosity. Scale bars equal 2 cm.

FIGURE 3 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 3. Fish remains from the Volhynian beds of Romania and Ukraine: A-B – Sarmatella doljeana (Kramberger, 1884), anterior part of the body (A), and caudal part (B), Leucuşeşti; C – Clupeinae gen. et sp. indet., isolated scale, Voineşti; D-E – Scombroidei indet., caudal part (D), Erbiceni, and middle part of the body (E), Aroneanu; F – Sparus brusinai (Kramberger, 1882), skeleton, Hrushivtsi; G-H – Sparus cf. brusinai (Kramberger, 1882), right dentary in lateral (G) and dorsal view (H), Pârâul lui Gheorghe; I – Bothus parvulus (Kramberger, 1883), body imprint, Româneşti. Scale bars equal 2 mm in C, 5 mm in A-B, D-E, G-I, and 2 cm in F.

FIGURE 7 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 7. Suggested scheme of marine vertebrate fauna dispersal in the Eastern Paratethys during the Volhynian age (modified after Schneider et al., 2013).

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Data from: "Landscape context and behavioral clustering contribute to flexible habitat selection strategies in a large mammal"

Processed datasets used for analysis in "Landscape context and behavioral clustering contribute to flexible habitat selection strategies in a large mammal" by Hooven et al. published in Mammal Research. R scripts used to process and analyze these data are available from: <a href="https://github.com/nhooven/elk-individual-habitat">https://github.com/nhooven/elk-individual-habitat</a> WS_sampled.csv, SU_sampled.csv, UA_sampled.csv, AW_sampled.csv - Processed telemetry datasets (with relocation data removed), resultant files from script "01 - Pre-processing.R". WS_HRs.csv, SU_HRs.csv, UA_HRs.csv, AW_HRs.csv - Home range areas (derived from autocorrelated kernel density estimators) and associated variables, by individual.  WS_groups.csv, UA_groups.csv, AW_groups.csv - Home range areas (derived from autocorrelated kernel density estimators) and associated variables, by groups.  Note: Raw telemetry data and home range polygons are not available due to the sensitive nature of providing animal locations publicly. Please direct any questions or concerns to the corresponding author (nathan.d.hooven@gmail.com).

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Unique functional diversity during early Cenozoic mammal radiation of North America

Mammals influence nearly all aspects of energy flow and habitat structure in modern terrestrial ecosystems. However, anthropogenic effects likely have altered mammalian community structure, raising the question of how past perturbations have done so. We use functional diversity to describe how the structure of North American mammal communities changes over the past 66 Ma, an interval spanning the rebound radiation following the K/Pg and several subsequent environmental disruptions including the PETM, the expansion of grassland, and the onset of Pleistocene glaciation. For 264 fossil communities, we examine three aspects of ecological function: functional evenness, functional richness, and functional divergence. Shifts in functional diversity are significantly related to major ecological and environmental transitions. All three measures of functional diversity increase immediately following the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, suggesting that high degrees of ecological disturbance can lead to synchronous responses both locally and continentally. Otherwise, the components of functional diversity respond differently to environmental changes and are decoupled for the last ~56 million years.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

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Infection-nutrition feedbacks: fat supports pathogen clearance but pathogens reduce fat in a wild mammal

Though far less obvious than direct effects (clinical disease or mortality), the indirect influences of pathogens are difficult to estimate but may hold fitness consequences. Here, we disentangle the directional relationships between infection and energetic reserves, evaluating the hypotheses that energetic reserves influence infection status of the host and that infection elicits costs to energetic reserves. Using repeated measures of fat reserves and infection status in individual bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, we documented that fat influenced ability to clear pathogens (Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae) and infection with respiratory pathogens was costly to fat reserves. Costs of infection approached, and in some instances exceeded, costs of rearing offspring to independence in terms of reductions to fat reserves. Fat influenced probability of clearing pathogens, pregnancy, and over-winter survival; from an energetic perspective, an animal could survive for up to 23 days on the amount of fat that was lost to high levels of infection. Cost of pathogens may amplify tradeoffs between reproduction and survival. In the absence of an active outbreak, the influence of resident pathogens often is overlooked. Nevertheless, the energetic burden of pathogens likely has consequences for fitness and population dynamics, especially when food resources are insufficient.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Mammal occurrence records (2020-23) in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India

This dataset contains Mammal occurrence records (January 2020 - June 2023) in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. It includes a few occurrence records of reptiles. Occurrence records were gathered in the field by researchers of the Nature Conservation Foundation, India, using a mobile data collection application. Suggested citation is: Nature Conservation Foundation (2024). Mammal occurrence records (2020-23) in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Nature Conservation Foundation, India. Dataset, Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11903722   CONTACT #1 1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman  2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org  5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953 CONTACT #2 1. Name: Divya Mudappa  2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org  5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826 Keywords: tropical rainforest, plantations, Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, animal distribution, mammals  Geographic Coverage: 1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India 2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E) Temporal Coverage: 1. Begins: 2020-01-11 (Year, Month, Day) 2. Ends: 2023-06-02 (Year, Month, Day) Besides the 000_readMe.txt file containing this information, the dataset includes 60 images (photographs), three comma-delimited text (csv) files, and one R markdown text file with R code as explained below: 1) 001_mammalData.csv -- This file has the main mammal occurrence data with relevant and renamed columns derived from the original downloaded Excel worksheet file 2) 002_placeLocs.csv  -- This file lists names places for which the GPS location was unavailable from the mobile phone application, and was manually assigned to coordinates with 500 m accuracy 3) 003_nameMatch.csv -- This file matches the name as originally recorded with the correct common name and scientific name 4) 004_mammup.Rmd -- R code for processing the files to create a file for upload as an occurrence dataset on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org) +60 image files (with ".jpg" file extension) FILES INCLUDED IN DATASET 001_mammdata.csv This file has the main mammal occurrence data with relevant and renamed columns derived from the original downloaded Excel worksheet file  recordedBy: Observer who recorded/made the observation username: Username of person on whose mobile phone the data were noted timestamp: Automatic time stamp of date and time when app was used date: Date of observation time: Time of observation decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees N decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees E GPSaltitude: Altitude in metres GPSaccuracy: Horizontal accuracy of GPS location in metres place: Name of locality habitat: Habitat type species: Species common name count: Number of individuals observed countType: Total (solitary or fully counted groups) or Partial (incompletely counted groups) obsType: Type of observation: sighting, sign (droppings or vocalisation), death, roadkill, electrocution, other notes: Notes or remarks on observation imageID: Image filename if available (NA, if not available) instanceID: Automatically generated unique identifier of observation 002_placeLocs.csv This file lists names places for which the GPS location was unavailable from the mobile phone application, and was manually assigned to coordinates with 500 m accuracy place: Name of locality as recorded lat: Assigned latitude in decimal degrees N long: Assigned longitude in decimal degrees E GPSaccuracy: Assigned as 500 m – Horizontal accuracy of GPS location in metres 003_nameMatch.csv This file matches the name as originally recorded with the correct common name and scientific name. verbatimIdentification: Identification as originally recorded in the ‘species’ column of the mammdata.csv file vernacularName: Common or engish name scientificName: Scientific name 004_mammup.Rmd R code for processing the files to create a file for upload as an occurrence dataset on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org)

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Resource availability alters breeding strategies in a small mammal community

Following a resource pulse, animals may finance reproduction by consuming concurrently available resources (income breeding) or by storing resources for future reproduction (capital breeding). Understanding how these reproductive strategies are used is important for determining the ecological mechanisms that structure the timing of reproduction and that drive interannual population fluctuations in animals. We gathered a reproductive dataset for five small mammal species over a 12-year period in Northeastern USA during which six masting events of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) occurred. Masting created alternate years where seeds were either available late (masting year) or early (cached from the previous year) in the breeding season. The small mammal species differed in reliance on seeds and overwintering strategies. We quantified the diet using stable isotopes and recorded reproduction timing, proportion breeding, and litter size in females and testes size in males. Timing of seed availability minimally affected litter size but strongly affected proportion breeding and timing of reproduction. During masting years (late seed availability), a higher proportion of females reproduced, with breeding taking place later in the season (lactation timed with peak seed availability), although the delay was restricted in Napaeozapus insignis, an obligate hibernator. After a fall mast, cached seeds were used as capital in the following spring (early seed availability) to support a litter that, depending on the species, occurred 24 to 79 days sooner than a mast year. No late-season reproduction occurred in years with early seed availability except for Myodes gapperi which produced a second litter, likely financed by fungal consumption. Males also showed strong responses to seed availability, mirroring female reproduction with testes size staying constant in years with late seed availability and sharply decreasing over the breeding season in years with early seed availability. Our results highlight that although photoperiod and temperature broadly set the bounds of the breeding season in temperate environments, resource availability influences the reproductive strategies that species use, which in turn alters reproductive timing and can drive large inter-annual population fluctuations. Differences in overwintering strategies and diet may further modulate reproductive timing and output relative to resource pulses.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Fig. 13 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 13. Cladogram with interrelationships of the new dryolestids from the Barremian–Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of Balve. The nodes uniting taxa do not imply divergence times. Colors indicate distribution in the respective continents: red, Europe; blue, North America; yellow, Asia.

Fig. 12 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 12. Dryolestid mammal Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs, 1969, MfN Uña 2 (paratype) from Uña locality, province of Cuenca, Spain, Barremian (Lower Cretaceous). Right mandible in occlusal (A1), lateral (A2), and medial (A3) views. Reconstruction of broken parts of coronid process, ventral border of mandibular body (preserved as mold in the embedding rock) and connection of articular condyle marked by stippled lines.

Fig. 10 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 10. Dryolestid mammal Beckumia sinemeckelia gen. et sp. nov., WMNM P82310 from Busche Quarry near Balve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Barremian–Aptian (Lower Cretaceous). Left lower p4 in occlusal (stereopair, A1), ventral (A2), labial (A3), mesial (A4), lingual (A5), and distal (A6) views.

Fig. 11 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 11. Dryolestid mammal Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs, 1969, MfN Uña 1 (holotype) from Uña locality, province of Cuenca, Spain, Barremian (Lower Cretaceous). Left mandible in occlusal (A1), linguoposterior (A2), lateral (A3, A4), and medial (A5, A6) views. Inset in A3 showing enlarged m3–m5 in labial view, inset in A5 m3–m4 in ligunal view, A6 with new interpretation of premolar and molar positions.

Fig. 2 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 2. Paleogeographic map of Europe in the Early Cretaceous, about 125 mya. Marked are Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous localities that have yielded symmetrodontans" (red) and dryolestids (yellow). 1, Guimarota Coal Mine (Portugal), Kimmerdigian; 2, Porto Pinheiro (or Dinheiro) (Portugal), Jurassic/ Cretaceous boundary (Krusat 1989); 3, Uña (Spain), Barremian; 4, Galve (Spain), Hauterivian–Barremian; 5, Cherves-de-Cognac (France), Berriasian; 6, Purbeck Limestone Group (southern England), Berriasian–Valanginian; 7, Wealden Supergroup (southern England), Berriasian–Valanginian; 8, Balve Germany), Barremian–Aptian; 9, Langenberg Quarry (Germany), Kimmeridgian. Map by Ron Blakey, Colorado Plateau Geosystems, Phoenix, Arizona.

Fig. 9 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 9. Dryolestid mammal Beckumia sinemeckelia gen. et sp. nov., WMNM P82301 (holotype) from Busche Quarry near Balve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Barremian–Aptian (Lower Cretaceous). Left mandible in dorsal (A1), linguoposterior (A2), lateral (A3, A4), and medial (A5, A6) views. Inset in A3 showing enlarged m3–m5 in distolabial view, inset in A5 showing m3 and m4 in lingual view.

Fig. 6 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 6. Dryolestid mammal Minutolestes submersus gen. et sp. nov., WMNM P82306 (holotype) from Busche Quarry near Balve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Barremian–Aptian (Lower Cretaceous). Left upper molar in occlusal (stereopair, A1), dorsal (A2), lingual (A3), labial (A4), mesial (A5), and distal (A6) views.

Fig. 7 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 7. Tooth wear frequencies for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA) carnivorans. Borophagus secundus (A), Vulpes stenognathus (B), Plesiogulo marshalli (C); Amphimachairodus coloradensis (D).