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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Figure 3 in Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti

Figure 3. (a–g) Linear regressions for significant correlations of PC1 and PC2 with individual variables tested in this study.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti

Figure 2. PCA plot of shape variation of cochlear coiling. Lines represent 95 % confidence ellipses for Mysticeti (red) and Odontoceti (blue). Shape change along the axes is shown as black landmark configurations against the average shape (in gray) in apical view and in profile. Known lowest hearing limits in Hz are given for extant cetaceans (see Table 2). Number in parentheses refers to a fetus. * denotes extinct mysticetes with presumed very low frequency hearing (50 Hz and below). ** denotes extinct mysticetes with presumed infrasonic hearing (below 20 Hz). Gray numbers represent identification numbers (ID) listed in Table 2. The specimens plotting outside of the ellipse are Megapteropsis robusta (ID12) and Eschrichtiidae indet. (ID6).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Co-occurrence of Methods in Co-Creation: A Sankey Diagram

The Co-Creation Methods Sankey Diagram. This diagram was created in an online open-access tool, RAWGraphs 2.0 (DensityDesign Research Lab). This diagram provides a visual representation of the interrelationships among methods occurring together in the titles and/or abstracts of the sourced literature (n=2,590 citations). These citations are derived from a Systematic Method Overview, which encompasses empirical studies, protocols, exploratory studies, and case studies employing co-creation sourced from the Health CASCADE Co-Creation Database version 1.5. This diagram serves as a snapshot of co-creation practices, and the manuscript about this work is under peer review at JMIR (i-JMR): https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/59772  For a closer examination of the depicted methods, the image file is available for download, allowing zooming in and out to navigate the intricacies of the diagram. For inquiries or additional information regarding this diagram, please reach out to Danielle M. Agnello at <a href="mailto:danielle.agnello@gcu.ac.uk">danielle.agnello@gcu.ac.uk</a>. Additionally, join the conversation and stay updated her research into co-creation, and methods used in co-creation, by following her on X: <a href="https://twitter.com/DannyAgnello_GH">https://twitter.com/DannyAgnello_GH</a> or LinkedIN: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniellemagnello/">https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniellemagnello/ </a>  Co-Creation Resources: For additional support in utilizing these co-creation methods in a co-creation process, explore our Draft Evidence-based Co-Creation Guideline: PRODUCES+ at: <a href="../records/8379784">https://zenodo.org/records/8379784</a>. Additionally, engage with critical questions about method selection through my Methods Selector Infographic at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7414470">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7414470</a>. For insights into how these methods align with co-creation characteristics, please refer to the pre-print manuscript on the Co-Creation Rainbow framework: <a href="../records/10391410">https://zenodo.org/records/10391410</a>. Finally, you can also conduct your study in the Health CASCADE Co-Creation Database: <a href="https://doi.org/10.2196/45059">https://doi.org/10.2196/45059</a>. Unlock the potential of co-creation and embark on a collaborative research journey with confidence, creativity, and innovation!

Fig. 5. A in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 5. A suite of traces in the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933), UFRGS-PV-1581-T #14, bone fragment from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. Two feeding traces of Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007, overlapped by a cluster of larger grooves. B. Natural cast formed by a cover of iron oxide showing the grooves in positive relief. Image mirrored to facilitate comparison. C, D. Clusters of grooves on different surfaces of the same bone fragment. E. Small Osteocallis mandibulus close to the trails shown in A and B.

Fig. 6 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 6. Clusters of grooves on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #20, arcuate and paired grooves, similar to feeding traces of Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007, but without forming a trail. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #22, densely concentrated grooves, giving the bone surface an etched appearence. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #5, straight and arcuate grooves closely associated to an incipient Osteocallis mandibulus (arrow). D. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #26, straight and arcuate grooves and some isolated grooves. E. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #6, dentary fragment; E1, two clusters of grooves; E2, schematic drawing. F. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #17; F1, subparallel grooves; F2, subparallel grooves associated to a subcircular cluster of grooves (arrow).

Fig. 4 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 4. Feeding traces of Osteocallis on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581 #3; A1, Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007, associated to arthropod bioerosion trace fossil Amphifaoichnus isp.; A2, details of one of the trails. B. UFRGS-PV-1581 #23; B1, Osteocallis mandibulus associated to a cluster of grooves in crescent shape; B2, schematic drawing highlighting the grooves. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #12 showing two overlapping Osteocallis infestans Paes Neto et al., 2016. D. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #11 showing Osteocallis isp. (arrow) associated to a cluster of larger grooves.

Fig. 2 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 2. Identified cranial elements of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) in UFRGS-PV-1581-T from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. Left dentary in lateral view (A1) and medial view (A2) showing the dentary blade with at least one lingual tooth arrow). B. Left and right dentaries in dorsal view. C. Partial left pterygoid in medial view. D. Right maxilla in ventral view. E. Left maxilla in ventral view.

Fig. 8 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 8. Indiscrete borings on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #3; A1, a boring in the opposite face of the arthropod bioerosion trace fossil Amphifaoichnus, but also penetrating it; A2, close up view showing the presence of bone chips in the base of the boring. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #7 showing a boring with one rounded termination. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #9; C1, an elongated boring with a rounded termination and bone chips scattered on the base; C2, close up view highlighting the bone chips scattered on the base.

Fig. 1. Geological and geographic context. A in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 1. Geological and geographic context. A. Location of the Paraná Basin in Brazil. B. Limits of the Triassic rocks of Rosário do Sul Group and the Triassic rocks of Paraná Basin in Rio Grande do Sul state. C. Location of the Buriol Site, locality of UFRGS-PV-1581-T, and nearby Predebon and Janner sites. D. Chrono-, lito-, and biostratigraphy of southern Brazilian Triassic (modified from Schultz et al. 2020). Arrow indicates stratigraphical position of UFRGS-PV-1581-T; * refers to absolute ages from Langer et al. (2018); ** refers to absolute ages from Philipp et al. (2018).

Fig. 7 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 7. Subcircular clusters on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #17; A1, subcircular cluster connected to a cluster of grooves; A2, schematic drawing. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #13; B1, subcircular cluster associated to an irregular cluster of grooves (arrow), possibly a partially preserved subcircular cluster; B2, schematic drawing. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #16 showing an isolated subcircular cluster of grooves.

Fig. 3 in New bioerosion traces in rhynchosaur bones from the Upper Triassic of Brazil and the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenera Osteocallis and Amphifaoichnus

Fig. 3. Arthropod bioerosion trace fossil Amphifaoichnus isp. on bone fragments of the rhynchosaurid archosauromorph Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi Caldas, 1933) from Buriol Site, Brazil, Hyperodapedon AZ, Carnian. A. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #3; A1, close up showing Amphifaoichnus isp. (note the bone chips) associated to a perpendicular boring (dashed outline) and feeding traces of Osteocallis mandibulus Roberts et al., 2007 (arrow; see also Fig. 4A1); A2, axial view of µCT scan showing the internal morphology of the tube, meniscate structures and the perpendicular boring; A3, coronal view of µCT scan showing the trace (dotted surface) and the destruction of both cortical (black outline) and trabecular bone. B. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #4; B1, specimen arrow) showing the uneven distribution of bone chips in the filling; B2, specimen in transversal view showing the rounded morphology of the filling. C. UFRGS-PV-1581-T #10; C1, specimen in negative relief with a small portion of filling still preserved (arrow); C2, close up of filling; C3, specimen in transversal view showing the U-shape of the boring.

Fig. 4 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 4. Comparison of hairy cicada Maculaferrum blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada, with forewings of extant relatives (B, C). A. Interpretative drawing of M. blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) in pre-burial state, based on extant and extinct relatives. B. Left forewing of male Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 from southern Victoria, Australia; NMV HEM5660 in dorsal view. C. Left forewing of female Tettigarcta tomentosa White, 1845 from Tasmania, Australia; NMV HEM476 in dorsal view. Note colouration pattern on post-nodal half: round patches near junction of terminal longitudinal veins with ambient vein, a larger darker round patch in cell a2, smaller irregular patches along more basal segments of longitudinal veins, and large oblong to irregular patches along cross veins and short segment of M1. Abbreviations: A, anal vein; a, apical cell; av, ambient vein; bc, basal cell; C, costa; Cu, cubitus; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; M, media; M1+2, two anterior branches of M; M3+4, two posterior branches of M; m, medial cross vein; mc, medial cell; m-cua, mediocubital cross vein; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; r, radial cross vein; r-m, radio-medial cross vein; Sc, subcosta; u, ulnar cell.

Fig. 6. Tettigarctinae occurrences through time. 1 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 6. Tettigarctinae occurrences through time. 1, Liassocicada antecedens Bode, 1953 from Early Jurassic Posidonia Shale Formation, Germany drawing from Nel et al. 1998); 2, Kisylia psylloides Martynov, 1937 from Early Jurassic Kisyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan; 3, Protabanus chaoyangensis Hong, 1982 from the Callovian/Oxfordian (Middle/Late Jurassic) Jiulongshan Formation, China; 4, Sunotettigarcta (represented by drawing of Sunotettigarcta kudryashevae Shcherbakov, 2009) from Late Jurassic Karatau, Kazakhstan; 5, Tettagalma striata Menon, 2005 from the Aptian (Early Cretaceous) Crato Formation, Brazil; 6, Magrebarcta africana Nel, Zarbout, Barale, and Philippe, 1998 from the Aptian (Early Cretaceous) Duriet Formation, Tunisia; 7, Cretotettigarcta burmensis Fu, Cai, and Huang, 2019 from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Hukawng Valley, Myanmar; 8, Maculaferrum blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada; 9, Eotettigarcta scotica Zeuner, 1944 from the Palaeocene Isle of Mull, UK (only known from a partial hind wing); 10, Meuniera haupti Piton, 1936 from the Palaeocene Menat quarry, France; 11, Paratettigarcta zealandica Kaulfuss and Moulds, 2005 from the Miocene Hindon Maar, New Zealand; 12, Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 from southern Victoria, Australia (extant). The classification of Liassocicada ignota Brodie, 1845 within Cicadoprosbolinae introduces uncertainty about the affinities of L. antecedens to Tettigarctinae (Shcherbakov 2009). Drawings not to scale; 1, 4, 6, 7, 9–11, mirrored to facilitate comparison with Maculaferrum. Fossil occurrences retrieved from the Paleobiology Database (Czaplewski 2019). Palaeogeographical maps from Scotese (2001).

Fig. 2 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 2. Hairy cicada Maculaferrum blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada. Habitus photograph (A1), extracted from the RTI file (downloaded from http://culturalheritageimaging.org/Technologies/RTI/ on 31 July 2019; see SOM) and interpretative line drawing (A2). Wing venation terminology after Moulds (2005). Abbreviations: A, anal vein; a, apical cell; av, ambient vein; bc, basal cell; C, costa; Cu, cubitus; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; M, media; M1+2, two anterior branches of M; M3+4, two posterior branches of M; m, medial cross vein; mc, medial cell; m-cua, mediocubital cross vein; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; r, radial cross vein; r-m, radio-medial cross vein; Sc, subcosta; u, ulnar cell. Black lines, striae along wing apex; grey lines, tubercles along apical vein segments; dashed line, visible portion of nodal line.

Fig. 1 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 1. Geographical location and geological setting of the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation. A. Location of the Redmond Formation near Schefferville in Labrador, Canada (54°41'N, 66°45'W). Exposures of the Sokoman Formation based on Conliffe (2016). B. Prospecting along the spoil pile to the west of the Redmond no. 1 mine, where the specimen was discovered. C. Southeast facing view of the mine from the top of the western spoil pile. The open-pit mine is now flooded by groundwater.

Fig. 5. A in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 5. A. Spatial and geographical distribution of cicadoid occurrences in the Cretaceous (red star, black shapes) compared with extant tettigarctids (blue diamonds). B. Habitus photograph of male Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 from southern Victoria, Australia; NMV HEM5660 in dorsal view. C. Habitus photograph of male Tettigarcta tomentosa White, 1845 from Tasmania, Australia; NMV HEM472 in dorsal view. Fossil occurrences retrieved from the Paleobiology Database (Czaplewski 2019).

Fig. 3 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Temporal overlap of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) activity during the different seasons: autumn/winter and spring/summer; the gray area represents the overlap between the activity observed in the two periods of the year and the vertical lines represent sunrise and sunset in each period (autumn/winter: 06h 45min sunrise and 18h 05min sunset; spring/summer: 06h 08min sunrise and 19h 33min sunset).

Fig. 4 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil

Fig. 4. Circular graph showing the distribution of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) records in BRLJL, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, throughout the 12 months sampled. The black lines represent the concentration of records.

Fig. 2 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil

Fig. 2. Circular graphs showing the daily activity of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) at the BRLJL, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on all records obtained for the species (n=25, all seasons), on records obtained during spring/summer (n=15), and on records from autumn/winter (n=10). The arrow on each circular graphs indicates the direction of the angular mean.

Fig. 1 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of the study area in South America and the State of Rio Grande do Sul (left panel), with the indication of the geographic range of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) (grey area) in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina (above), and the Biological Reserve Lami JosÉ Lutzenberger – BRLJL in the municipality of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (below). On the right panel, a detailed map of the study area showing the limits of the BRLJL (black line), the vegetation types occurring in the area, the grid sQuares of 1 x 1 km (grey lines) designed to delimitate the zones where sampling stations (camera stations) were installed (black triangles).