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Fig. 6 in Potential pest bark and ambrosia beetles from Cuba not present in the continental United States

Fig. 6. Dorsal and lateral view of female Pityophthorus regularis. Scale bar: 1 mm. Permission to publish from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.

Fig. 4 in Potential pest bark and ambrosia beetles from Cuba not present in the continental United States

Fig. 4. Dorsal and lateral view of female Phloeotribus atlanticus. Scale bar: 1 mm. Permission to publish from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.

Fig. 5 in Potential pest bark and ambrosia beetles from Cuba not present in the continental United States

Fig. 5. Dorsal and lateral view of female Pityophthorus laevis. Scale bar: 1 mm. This image may be protected by copyright or have other legal restrictions on use. Permission to publish from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.

Fig. 1 in Potential pest bark and ambrosia beetles from Cuba not present in the continental United States

Fig. 1. Dorsal and lateral view of female Corthylus subasperulus. Scale bar: 1 mm. Permission to publish from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.

Fig. 5 in Two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have shared, stage-specific preference for host nymphs that does not impact pest mortality rates

Fig. 5. Mean (± SE) development time of parasitoid eggs to adult emergence of (A) Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis and (B) Tamarixia radiata that developed on different Diaphorina citri instars in no-choice experiments. Treatment means with the same letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05).

Fig. 3 in Two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have shared, stage-specific preference for host nymphs that does not impact pest mortality rates

Fig. 3. Mean (± SE) emergence of adult Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis from second through fifh instar Diaphorina citri nymphs in no-choice experiments when females foraged alone or with hetero- and conspecific competitors. Foraging scenario only affected parasitoid emergence when D. aligarhensis foraged for fourth instar D. citri nymphs (means with the same letters are not significantly different; P> 0.05).

Fig. 2 in Two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have shared, stage-specific preference for host nymphs that does not impact pest mortality rates

Fig. 2. The effect of foraging scenario on mean (± SE) Diaphorina citri mortality when (A) second, (B) third, (C) fourth, and (D) fifh instar Diaphorina citri nymphs were exposed to female parasitoids in no-choice experiments. In each panel, means with the same letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have shared, stage-specific preference for host nymphs that does not impact pest mortality rates

Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) proportion of oviposition events (αi), indicating preference of female parasitoids for second through fifh instar Diaphorina citri nymphs in choice arenas. For each parasitoid species, means with the same letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05).

Fig. 4 in Two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have shared, stage-specific preference for host nymphs that does not impact pest mortality rates

Fig. 4. Mean (± SE) adult Tamarixia radiata emergence from second through fifh instar Diaphorina citri nymphs in no-choice experiments. Means with the same letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05). *Only 1 F1 Tamarixia radiata emerged from second instar D. citri nymphs (mean [± SE] = 0.028 ± 0.028 F1 adults).

Fig. 6 in Two parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have shared, stage-specific preference for host nymphs that does not impact pest mortality rates

Fig. 6. The survival probability of adult (A) Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis and (B) Tamarixia radiata that emerged from second, third, fourth, and fifh instar Diaphorina citri nymphs in no-choice experiments.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Re-examination of morphological variations in the female internal genitalia of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for identification and pest management

Fig. 1. (A) Female genitalia of Helicoverpa armigera. (B) Texture on appendix bursa of H. armigera. (C) Luminal surface on appendix bursa of H. armigera. (D) Female genitalia of Helicoverpa zea. (E) Texture on appendix bursa of H. zea. (ab) appendix bursa; (bc) bursa copulatrix; (cb) corpus bursa; (db) ductus bursa; (ob) ostium bursa; (pa) pigmented area.

Fig. 5 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA

Fig. 5. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction of Conoideocrella species, using an SSU-LSU-tef1-ITS concatenated dataset with Metarhizium granulomatis (Sigler) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (Clavicipitaceae) as designated outgroup taxon, and showing host, sexual state and county of isolation. Ex-type species denoted as ExT.

Fig. 4 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA

Fig. 4. Features of Conoideocrella luteorostrata: (A) stromatic tissue (white arrow) on Fiorinia externa (black arrow); (B) details of stromatic hyphae on 10% KOH, 40×; (C) 1 mo old culture on PDA (lef) and oatmeal agar (right); (D) conidiophore; and (E) spores, 100×.

Fig. 3 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA

Fig. 3. Field view of Fiorinia externa collected on Abies fraseri from Glade Creek, North Carolina, USA (FDACS-DPI, sample #2019-6449) (A); its slide-mounted view (B); antennae on submargin of the head with short spur (C); anterior spiracle with pores (D); pygidium with five marginal macroducts (E); close-up of wide macroduct (F); antennae on the margin of head, with a long spur, of F. fioriniae collected on Chamaerops humilis from Ocala, Florida, USA (2019-4546) (G); antennae on the margin of head, with a short spur and processing between antennae, of F. phantasma collected on Ligustrum japonicum from Boynton Beach, Florida, USA (2020-1365) (H); pygidium with 4 marginal macroducts (I); close-up of narrow macroduct (J).

Fig. 2 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA

Fig. 2. Original localities of intercepted shipments of Christmas trees in 2019 (shown as circle) and 2020 (triangle). Samples with entomopathogenic fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata are colored in blue and without fungus in red. Major cities are shown as black diamonds.

Fig. 1 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA

Fig. 1. Features of Fiorinia externa: (A) 30× view of alive first instar (crawler); (B) 30× view of adult female body (inside cover) with exuviae of first and second instar; (C) naked eye view of entomopathogenic fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata on different stages of F. externa (black arrow heads); (D) close-up of C. luteorostrata covering F. externa (black arrow heads).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in A maximum concentration bioassay to assess insecticide efficacy against hemipteran pests of tomato

Fig. 1. Mortality of third instar nymphs from 5 populations of Nezara viridula ('green'), 3 populations of Euschistus quadrator ('brown'), and 1 population of Leptoglossus phyllopus ('leaf') stink bug subjected to a maximum concentration test of 3 pyrethroid and 3 neonicotinoid insecticides and an untreated control (UTC). Percentage mortalities (+ SEM) are based on the mean of 5 nymphs per replicate with 3 replicates. Insecticides designated with the same letter in the horizontal axis are not statistically different (by Bonferroni t-test, P <0.05).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Fig. 1. A in The effectiveness of field pest management and culling at harvest for risk mitigation of two fruit flies affecting citrus in China

Fig. 1. A logic chart illustrating work flow and calculating efficacies of pest management and culling at harvest (systems approach efficacy = the efficacy of the 2 measures together).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Population dynamics of pests and natural enemies on sugar cane grown in a subtropical region of Brazil

Fig. 2. Population dynamics of the natural enemies Harmonia axyridis, Doru lineare, and Billaea claripalpis in sugar cane from Feb 2013 to Jan 2015 in the municipality of Salto do Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Arrows indicate the harvesting and budding periods.