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Figure 6 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella
Figure 6. Line-drawings of Victorian early land plants with longer than wider sporangia. A, Salopella australis from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P50014.B, Gen. et sp. indet. from Limestone Road, Yea. Originally placed in S. australis but branching architecture clearly differs. Specimen NMV P157323. C, Salopella laidae sp. nov. from Limestone Road, Yea. NMV P50011. D, Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P202987. E, Salopella caespitosa from Ghin Ghin Road, Yea. Specimen NMV P235941.
Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella
Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil's Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1.
Figure 3 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella
Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2.
Figure 5 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella
Figure 5. Salopella laidae sp. nov. (holotype) NMV P50011.1 and NMV P50011.2, part and counterpart, respectively, with counterpart reversed to be in the same orientation as part specimen. From location 4 (Brackley's cutting) on Limestone Road, Yea. A, double isotomous dichotomy visible, terminated with eight elongate sporangia, five visible. At lower arrow central line and at F, folding of tissue. On sporangium seven?sporogenous region highlighted. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers, 1984: pl. 32, fig. 3 and text-fig. 2C. B, arrow at daughter axis missing on part present.
Fig 4. A–Y. Crotalaria suffruticosa. A. Habit. B. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. C in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India
Fig 4. A–Y. Crotalaria suffruticosa. A. Habit. B. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. C. Herbarium specimen of the new species. D. Close-up of the flower in field. E. Adaxial leaf surface with white sparse pubescent vestiture. F. Abaxial surface with pubescent vestiture. G. Close-up of abaxial leaf surface showing prominent hairs on the midrib region. H. Close-up of mucronulate leaf apex. I. Flower showing calyx, corolla and pedicel. J. Position of bract (base of pedicel) and bracteoles (middle of pedicel). K. Bi-lipped calyx with pubescent surface. L. Adaxial surface of standard. M. Abaxial surface of standard. N. Planar callosities. O. Close-up of silky pubescence on standard dorsal apex. P-Q. Wing petals. R. Close-up of cavae. S-T. Keel petals, angled with lower third curvature and ciliate glabrous vestiture. U. Anthers in 5 + 5 arrangement (one missing), with five carinal/ basifixed/sagittate anthers and five small dorsifixed ovoid anthers. V. Gynoecium showing ovary, style and stigma. W. Close-up of style showing trichomes in two parallel rows(parallel) and brush type stigma. X. Fruit showing glabrous surface and prominent beak. Y. Cordiform seed, golden brown color. Scale bar 0.5 cm unless indicated otherwise. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g004
Fig 6. A–R. Crotalaria multibracteata. A. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. B-C in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India
Fig 6. A–R. Crotalaria multibracteata. A. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. B-C. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surface with hirsute vestiture and ciliate margin. D. Flower showing pedicel, bracteoles and calyx with corolla inserted (all three with dense pubescence). E. Bilipped calyx with pubescent-densely ciliate surface. F. Both lips of calyx dissected show surface and bi-lipped condition. G. Adaxial surface of standard with pubescent apex. H. Abaxial surface of standard. I-J. Wing petals. K-L. Keel petals, sub-angled with below the middle curvature and lanate vestiture. M. Anthers in 5 + 5 arrangement (one missing), with five carinal/basifixed/sagittate anthers and five small dorsifixed ovoid anthers with their filaments fused to form a staminal sheath. N. Gynoecium showing ovary, style and stigma. O. Fruit showing glabrous surface, and densely pubescent calyx. P. Seed reniform, golden brown with smooth surface. Q. Close-up of lameliform callosities. R. Close-up of cavae. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g006
Fig. 3 in Allium Paradoxum (M.Bieb.) G. Don (Amaryllidaceae) - A New Invasive Plant Species For The Flora Of Baltic States
Fig. 3. Allium paradoxum (M. Bieb.) G. Don. in Rumbula, Rīga, Latvia with flowers and bulbils. (Photo: A. Bojāre).
Supplementary data from: Current and past climate co-shape community-level plant species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic
<p>The Arctic ecosystems and their species are exposed to amplified climate warming and, in some regions, to rapidly developing economic activities. We used macroecological modeling to estimate the community-level species richness across the Western Siberian tundra, with climate variables and anthropogenic influence identified as main explanatory factors. Our results reveal complex spatial patterns of community-level species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic. We show that climatic factors such as temperature (including paleotemperature) and precipitation are the main drivers of plant species richness in this area, and the role of relief is clearly secondary.</p> <p>Here we present a supplementing dataset to the analysis of our paper "Current and past climate co-shape community-level plant species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic"<strong> </strong>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11140">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11140</a>). Our research is based on the Western Siberian part of the Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-RUS, <a href="http://avarus.space">http://avarus.space</a>), with 1483 Braun-Blanquet plots observed from 2005-2018.</p> <p>The dataset contains geolocated species richness data along with sampled raster data on environmental and anthropogenic predictors used for modeling. The scripts are used for paleoclimatic data sampling; testing univariate predictive performance and limited collinearity for all predictors; fitting four different modes: random forest, gradient boosting machine, generalized linear model, and generalized additive model; their validation and projection. Detailed information regarding the data structure and the applied methods could be found in the paper.</p>
FIG. 3 in New discoveries of plants from Republic of Guinea, W. Africa, including Gymnosiphon fonensis Cheek, sp. nov. (Burmanniaceae), a new Critically Endangered species from Simandou
FIG. 3. — Gymnosiphon fonensis Cheek, sp. nov.: map of the global distribution. Adapted from Xander van der Burgt, map data Open Street Map.
FIG. 2 in New discoveries of plants from Republic of Guinea, W. Africa, including Gymnosiphon fonensis Cheek, sp. nov. (Burmanniaceae), a new Critically Endangered species from Simandou
FIG. 2. —Gymnosiphon fonensis Cheek, sp. nov.: A, habit, whole plant; B, habit, base of plant showing: rhizome (dotted) with roots and two stem (peduncle) bases; C, flower and rhachis; D, distal part of open flower; E, corolla tube opened (distal portion) to show inner tepals in relation to style head (with stamens attached) and stigmas; F, lobing of corolla lobes (from one flower); G, stigmatic-style head, with stigmas above, anther cells below, side view; H, as G but dorsal view; I, as G but ventral view (style in transverse section); J, ovary opened with a longitudinal cut, to show the three placental masses with ovules, and (black) pairs of nectar glands; A-I, from Cheek 19334; J, from van der Burgt 1274. All drawn by Andrew Brown. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, C, 5 mm; D-F, 5 mm; G-I, 1 mm; J, 2 mm.
A plant virus differentially alters DNA methylation in two cryptic species of a hemipteran vector
<p>This study investigated DNA methylation patterns in two cryptic species (B and Q) of the sweet potato whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius), following the acquisition of the tomato yellow curl virus, a single-stranded DNA virus. The methylation levels in genomic features such as promoters, gene bodies, and transposable elements in both cryptic species were described in this study. While overall trends were found to be similar, specific differences in methylation levels were observed. Virus-induced differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were associated with different genes in each cryptic species and were negatively correlated with differential gene expression. These DMRs were analyzed for changes in gene expression and alternative splicing, revealing clusters of hyper- and hypomethylated genes related to virus-vector interactions, immune functions, and detoxification processes. These methylation differences may help explain the distinct biological and physiological traits observed between the B and Q cryptic species.</p>
Fig. 2 in The abundance of specialist and generalist lepidopteran larvae on a single host plant species: Does spatial scale matter?
Fig. 2. Specialist lepidopteran species on Roupala montana. (A–C) Chlamydastis platyspora: (A) larva, (B) larva inside the shelter, (C) adult; (E–G) Stenoma cathosiota: (E) larva, (F) shelter, (G) adult; (H–J) species of new genus of Depressariidae: (H) larva,(I) shelter, (J) adult; (K–M) Idalus lineosus: (K–L) 6th instar showing variation in color, (M) adult; (N–O) Symmachia hippodice: (N) larva, (O) adult female, (P) adult male; (Q–S) Eomichla sp.: (Q–R) larva inside the shelter, (S) adult.
Fig. 1 in The abundance of specialist and generalist lepidopteran larvae on a single host plant species: Does spatial scale matter?
Fig. 1. Locations of the 5 study areas, as follows: A) a map of Brazil, with the coverage area of the Cerrado Biome shaded; B) a map of Goiás State, showing the locations of Parque Estadual dos Pireneus (PEP) and Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV); and C) a map of Distrito Federal (DF), showing the locations of Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL), Parque Nacional de Brasília (PNB), and Jardim Botânico de Brasília (JBB).
Fig. 1 in Interactions of selected species of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from leguminous crops with plants in the Neotropics
Fig. 1. Total records of plants associated with different species of stink bugs pests of legumes (Fabaceae) in the neotropics based on literature review. The dark line links the different values as follows: (A) = number of plant species on where each stink bug species was observed; (B) = number of plant families on where each species of stink bug was observed; and (C) = number of reproductive hosts (plants on which bug can complete development) on where each species of stink bug was observed. Note that the area for total plant species in (A) is much greater that the one for reproductive hosts in (C), indicating that on the majority of the plants the bugs are observed they do not reproduce. NV = Nezara viridula; PG = Piezodorus guildinii; EH = Euschistus heros; EM = Edessa meditabunda; DF = Dichelops furcatus; DM = Dichelops melacanthus; and TP = Thyanta perditor.
Fig. 1 in The effect of host plant species on the detoxifying enzymes of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 1. Enzymatic activity of (A) general esterase (EST), (B) glutathione S-transferase (GST), and (C) cytochrome monooxygenase P450 from Diaphorina citri reared on Citrus sinensis, Murraya paniculata, and Bergera koenigii. Means with the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P <0.05, Fisher's protected LSD test).
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit)
Fig. 4 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 4. Flight behavior of Scirtothrips dorsalis during the day. Mean hourly captures of adults at (A) greenhouse and (B) field sites of TREC and MREC by the time sampled and cumulative degree-hours. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between test locations at a given time based on a t-test at P ≤ 0.05.
Fig. 2 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 2. Population estimates and dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis to 2 hosts at TREC, 19 Jul to 27 Sep 2007. (A) Mean weekly numbers of nymphs and pupae found on buttonwood foliage. (B) Mean weekly numbers of adults washed from plant terminals with data from buttonwood and schefflera pooled. (C) Mean weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps behind buttonwood and schefflera plants. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference from the other weeks according to 1-way ANOVAs and t-test comparisons at P ≤ 0.05. Mean weekly temperatures (T °C) and relative humidity (RH %) for the 3 mo period are shown parallel to the X-axis (FAWN 2007).
Fig. 1 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 1. Experimental setups. (A) Population estimates and dispersal from rose to buttonwood and schefflera. Darkest grey represents rose, whereas the 2 lighter grey shades represent buttonwood or schefflera with the same shade of grey representing the same plant species. (B) Flight behavior during the day. Circles represent potted rose plants in 11 L containers. Small black rectangles denote locations of yellow sticky-card traps relative to each plot.
Fig. 3 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida
Fig. 3. Population estimates and dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis to 2 hosts: cumulative data for the 11 wk test period. (A) Mean damage ratings on a scale of 0 to 5. (B) On-plant densities of S. dorsalis. (C) Weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps. (D) Weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps by cardinal direction of traps from plants. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 (A–C) between host plant species according to t-tests or (D) from the other host plant pairs at other cardinal orientations based on a 1-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey–Kramer HSD test.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.