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Fig. 2 in Distribution and prey of migratory shorebirds on the northern coastline of Singapore
Fig. 2. Monthly counts of the eight most common shorebird species, summed across all study sites. Solid lines represent high tide counts and dashed lines low tide counts.
Fig. 1 in Distribution and prey of migratory shorebirds on the northern coastline of Singapore
Fig. 1. Map of Singapore showing the study sites on the north coast (enlarged). See Table 1 for full site names. Insert shows position of Singapore in relation the Malay Peninsula and other Southeast Asian islands.
Fig. 3 in Distribution and prey of migratory shorebirds on the northern coastline of Singapore
Fig. 3. Average number of birds per month at different tide levels at the study sites during: A, southward migration; B, northward migration; and C, the wintering period. See Table 1 for full site names.
Fig. 7 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 7. Box and whisker (a, d) and scatter (b, c) plots showing the relationships between the inquiline species richness of individual pitchers and pitcher type (a), pitcher size (b), canopy cover (c), and location (within or outside of the CCNR; d). The plots show that inquiline species richness was higher in lower than upper pitchers (a), and pitcher size (b) and canopy cover (c) had weak positive effects on inquiline species richness, but there was no significant difference in inquiline species richness between pitchers outside of and within the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR) (d). In (a) and (d), boxes represent interquartile ranges, whiskers represent maxima and minima, and points represent outliers. In (b) and (c), points (green = lower, beige = upper pitchers) represent the species richness of individual pitchers, and lines represent the model predictions of the second (b; ΔAICc = 1.94) and third (c; ΔAICc = 1.99) best models for lower (green) and upper (beige) pitchers.
Fig. 11 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs exemplifying morphological differences in the chelicerae of Nepenthes histiostomatid mites: (a) Creutzeria sp., (b) Zwickia sp., (c) Nepenthacarus sp. Scale bar = 10 micrometres. (Photographs by: Norman J. Fashing).
Fig. 3 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 3. Two-dimensional NMDS plot of the plant communities co-occurring with Nepenthes rafflesiana in plots located within (brown points) and outside (pink points) of the CCNR (a), and box and whisker plot comparing the log-transformed floristic species richness of these locations (b). Plant communities differed significantly in composition (a; pseudo-F1,11 = 3.80, p-value <0.001) and species richness (b; T11 = 4.74, p-value = 0.001). Each point in the NMDS plot (a) represents the plant communities of a single plot. Colours are translucent, so that overlapping points may be distinguished. Points which are located closer to each other in the NMDS plot share more similar plant communities. Texts represent plant species centroids, with font sizes proportional to the number of plots in which each was found (species which were found in two or less plots are not displayed). A species is more likely to occur in a plot if the plot's point is located close to the species' centroid. Bold lines in the box and whisker plot represent median log-transformed species richness, boxes represent interquartile ranges, whiskers represent maxima/minima and points represent outliers.
Fig. 6 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 6. Box and whisker plots show that inquiline taxa were found in different abundances across the different forest types, with several species being confined to the old secondary forests within the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR). Bold horizontal lines represent median log-transformed number of each inquiline taxon in pitchers from each forest type (denoted by colours); boxes represent interquartile range; whiskers represent maximum values. Taxon names are abbreviated as done in the previous figure; rare inquiline taxa which were present in only one sample are not displayed.
Fig. 2 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 2. Habitat types in which Nepenthes rafflesiana plants were found in this study: (a) coastal cliffs; (b) adinandra belukar; (c) old secondary forests (in this case, a tree fall gap within an old secondary forest). Nepenthes rafflesiana plants are indicated by an arrow in panels a and c. Coastal cliffs (a) and adinandra belukar (b) type habitats were mainly found outside the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR), while old secondary forests type habitats were only found within the CCNR. Despite their different locations, plant communities in which N. rafflesiana were found in coastal cliff habitats (a) and typical adinandra belukar habitats (b) were compositionally highly similar and may both be classified as adinandra belukar type plant communities. (Photographs by: Lam Weng Ngai).
Fig. 1 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 1. Nepenthes rafflesiana lower (a) and upper (b) pitchers in situ; location of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR) in Singapore (c). Data sources for (c): Singapore Public Data (https://data.gov.sg); Global Administrative Areas Database version 3.6 (https:// gadm.org/data.html). (Photographs by: Lam Weng Ngai).
Fig. 5 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 5. Sample-size- (a) and coverage-based (b) rarefaction curves of inquiline species richness from pitchers collected outside of (pink lines) and within (brown lines) the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR). Lines represent the interpolated (continuous) and extrapolated (dashed) species richness of each forest type, as a function of the number of individuals sampled within it (a) and the estimated sample coverage (b); shaded regions represent the 95% confidence intervals of these estimates; points represent the observed species richness (these are omitted from panel b to prevent the obscuring of other details in the figure).
Fig. 4 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 4. Two-dimensional NMDS plot of the pitcher inquiline communities of the sampled Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers. Each point represents an inquiline community from an individual pitcher, with its colour denoting the location in which it was found (within [brown] or outside [pink] the Central Catchment Nature Reserve [CCNR]), and its shape denoting its pitcher type (triangles denote upper, and circles, lower, pitchers). Texts represent inquiline species centroids, with font sizes proportional to the number of pitchers in which each was found. A species is more likely to occur in a pitcher if the pitcher's point is located close to the species' centroid. Taxon name abbreviations: Dasy = Dasyhelea spp.; Phor = Phoridae; Ar.giv = Armigeres giveni; Ar.kuc = Ar. cf. kuchingensis; Cx.bre = Culex brevipalpus complex; Cx.cur = Cx. curtipalpis; Tp.tnx = Tripteroides tenax; Lest = Lestodiplosis sp.; Nsyr = Nepenthosyrphus sp. raff; Creu = Creutzeria spp.; M2.sp1 = Histiostomatidae genus 1 sp. 1; Naca = Nepenthacarus spp.; Zwic = Zwickia spp.; Nema = nematodes.
Fig. 9 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 9. Habitus of Armigeres giveni fourth instar larva (a); Ar. giveni female adult (b); Ar. cf. kuchingensis fourth instar larva (c); Ar. cf. kuchingensis male adult (d). Scale bars represent 1 mm. (Photographs by: Yeo Huiqing).
Fig. 10 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 10. Illustrations of mite genera inhabiting Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in Singapore: (a) Undescribed genus (male dorsum), (b) Creutzeria sp. (male venter), (c) Zwickia sp. (male dorsum), (d) Nepenthacarus sp. (male dorsum). Scale bars represent 150 micrometres. (Illustrations by: Norman J. Fashing).
Figure 1 in First record of two insects preying on the red tomato spider mite Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Latakia governorate, Syria
Figure 1 Life stages ofStethorus gilvifrons feeding on all developmental stages ofTetranychus evansi: A – Larva feeding on adult; B – Pupa; C – Adult feeding on eggs; D – Adult feeding on nymph.
Fig. 3 in Scientific Note Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes
Fig. 3. Results of hierarchical clustering using the group average linkage method. The dendrogram illustrates variable strengths in multi-species relationships and patterns of species groupings (species codes as in Table 2).
Fig. 2 in Scientific Note Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes
Fig. 2. Black sea bass Centropristis striata and bank sea bass Centropristis ocyurus (left) in typical orientation at edge of ledge before ambush feeding on prey fish. Two scamp Mycteroperca phenax (right, indicated by arrows) along ledge move towards high density aggregation of prey fishes. Mycteroperca phenax attacked prey fishes subsequent to this photograph.
Fig. 1. A in Scientific Note Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes
Fig. 1. A school of blue runner Caranx crysos (top left) and group of greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (right, one visible in photograph) drive prey fishes down to ledge habitat during predation events.
Fig. 2 in Alterations on piscivorous diet following change in abundance of prey after impoundment in a Neotropical river
Fig. 2. Abundance of Moenkhausia dichroura and "other species" in the period I (From March 2000 to February 2001) and II (From March 2003 to February 2004), after impoundment of Manso River, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Vertical bars represents the mean ± S.D.
Fig. 5 in Alterations on piscivorous diet following change in abundance of prey after impoundment in a Neotropical river
Fig. 5. Regression analysis between predator length (Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro) and prey length for sampling periods I (a) and II (b) at Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, followed by their respective equations fitted by the model (n = 379; 255-period I and 124- period II).
Echolocating toothed whales use ultra-fast echo-kinetic responses to track evasive prey
<p>Visual predators rely on fast-acting optokinetic responses to track and capture agile prey. Most toothed whales, however, rely on echolocation for hunting and have converged on biosonar clicking rates reaching 500/s during prey pu rsuits. If echoes are processed on a click by click basis, as assumed, neural responses 100x faster than those in vision are required to keep pace with this information flow. Using high resolution bio-logging of wild predator prey interactions we show that toothed whales adjust clicking rates to track prey movement within 50 200 ms of prey escape responses. Hypothesising that these stereotyped biosonar adjustments are elicited by sudden prey accelerations, we measured echo kinetic responses from trained harb our porpoises to a moving target and found similar latencies. High biosonar sampling rates are, therefore, not supported by extreme speeds of neural processing and muscular responses. Instead, the neuro kinetic response times in echolocation are similar to those of tracking responses in vision, suggesting a common neural underpinning.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.