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FIGURE 2 in A relict new species of Oreobates (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its implication to the biogeography of the genus and that of South American Dry Forests

FIGURE 2. Holotype (MZUSP 141708) of Oreobates remotus sp. nov.: Lateral (A), dorsal (B) views of the head; Foot (C) and hand (D). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A relict new species of Oreobates (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its implication to the biogeography of the genus and that of South American Dry Forests

FIGURE 5. Habitats: General view of the dry forest during rainy season (A), and during the dry season (B); Limestone outcrops ("Rochedo") within the dry forest where adult males of Oreobates remotus sp. nov. were found calling, and where the holotype was collected (C).

FIGURE 8 in A relict new species of Oreobates (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its implication to the biogeography of the genus and that of South American Dry Forests

FIGURE 8. Bayesian consensus tree topology obtained from the combined molecular data set (cyt b and 16S) showing the placement of Oreobates remotus sp. nov. within Oreobates, and as sister taxon of O. heterodactylus. Numbers above nodes are posterior probabilities.

FIGURE 3 in A relict new species of Oreobates (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its implication to the biogeography of the genus and that of South American Dry Forests

FIGURE 3. Adult paratopotypes of Oreobates remotus sp. nov. in life: (A) Male (MZUSP 141711) and (B) female (MZUSP 141710).

opennotspecifiedOct 2023View details →

FIGURE 2 in Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): A new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Colombia

FIGURE 2. Lankester Composite Digital Plate (LCDP) Lonchocarpus verticillatus. A. Terminal branch with the arrangement of leaves and infructescence. B. Shapes and sizes of leaflets. C. Pre-anthesis flowers. D. Flower at anthesis (lateral view). E. Standard petal in frontal view; wing petal and keel petal in lateral view. F. Calyx, staminal tube, and gynoecium. G. Fruits. A, G based on C. Rivera et al 1370; B–F based on W. Ariza-C. et al. 9523. Photographs by Cristiam Rivera.

opennotspecifiedOct 2023View details →

FIGURE 1 in Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): A new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Colombia

FIGURE 1. Illustration of Lonchocarpus verticillatus A. Terminal branch with the arrangement of leaves and inflorescence. B. Branch showing the whorled arrangement of the leaves. C. Lenticels on branches. D. Detail of the venation in the intercostal space in abaxial view. E. Detail of pseudoracemose inflorescence with a pair of pedicellate flowers at the end of a short peduncle or brachyblast which form a "Y". F. Ventral view of flower at anthesis. G. Dorsal view of flower. H. Lateral view of flower with standard petal reflexed. I. Detail of bracteoles in the subapical segment of the pedicel. J. Calyx open adaxial surface. K. Standard. L. keel petals partially attached. M. wings. N. Staminal tube with callosities at the base (left) and tube open view inner surface (right). O. Anthers dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. P. Gynoecium with stigma detail, Q. Infructescence. R. Fruits. A–P based on C. Rivera et al 1370; Q–R based on W. Ariza-C. et al. 9523. Illustration by Omar Bernal.

opennotspecifiedOct 2023View details →

FIGURE 3 in Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): A new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Colombia

FIGURE 3. Habitat and vegetative morphology of Lonchocarpus verticillatus A. Habitat in the Cauca River Canyon. B. Isolated tree in a pasture. C. Branch with whorled leaves and discolorous leaflets. D. Node of the branch and stipules (red arrows). E. Lenticellate trunk and yellowish inner bark. Photographs A–E: William Ariza.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580

Appendix 1. Reference list for life-history characteristics of amphibians of the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (Table 1)

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Castela senticosa (Simaroubaceae: Sapindales), a new species from the Caribbean clade endemic to seasonally dry tropical forest on Hispaniola

Recent fieldwork in the Sierra Martín García in southwestern Dominican Republic has yielded a new species of the American clade Castela (Simaroubaceae), Castela senticosa sp. nov., from seasonally dry tropical forest. This species has been collected from two separate localities, including Môle St. Nicolas in northwestern Haiti in 1929, but until now fertile material with both flowers and fruit was unknown. We provide a photographic plate and illustration, place it phylogenetically using plastome data, and compare it morphologically with close relatives. This increases the number of known species of Castela on Hispaniola from one to two, both of which are endemic but from different clades, and yields another species for the Greater Antilles, a known biodiversity hotspot and clear center of diversification for this group of arid-adapted, thorny shrubs. This work emphasizes that seasonally dry tropical forest, although often understudied, house as yet undiscovered biodiversity and deserve far more comprehensive studies.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. n. mgricollis Spix, 1823 — Brazilian Amazon, N Peru, and possibly SE Colombia, between the Rio Ica—Putumayo and the rios Solimoes-Amazonas and Napo, W as far the seasonally flooded forest varzea along the Tamboryacu. S. n. graellsiJiménez de la Espada, 1870 — S Colombia, NE Ecuador, and N Peru, S of the upper Rio Caqueta (W from the mouth of the Rio Yari) in Colombia, S to both sides of the upper Putumayo as far as the N (left) bank of the Rio Napo, extending E between the Napo and Putumayo as far as the seasonally flooded forest along the Tamboryacu. S. mn. hernandezi Hershkovitz, 1982 — S Colombia, Meta Department, between the rios Caqueta, Caguan, and Orteguaza and the base of the Cordillera Oriental to the Rio Guayabero. in Callitrichiade

Subspecies and Distribution. S. n. mgricollis Spix, 1823 — Brazilian Amazon, N Peru, and possibly SE Colombia, between the Rio Ica—Putumayo and the rios Solimoes-Amazonas and Napo, W as far the seasonally flooded forest varzea along the Tamboryacu. S. n. graellsiJiménez de la Espada, 1870 — S Colombia, NE Ecuador, and N Peru, S of the upper Rio Caqueta (W from the mouth of the Rio Yari) in Colombia, S to both sides of the upper Putumayo as far as the N (left) bank of the Rio Napo, extending E between the Napo and Putumayo as far as the seasonally flooded forest along the Tamboryacu. S. mn. hernandezi Hershkovitz, 1982 — S Colombia, Meta Department, between the rios Caqueta, Caguan, and Orteguaza and the base of the Cordillera Oriental to the Rio Guayabero.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Dry season intensity has equivocal effects on the nutritional condition of understory birds in a Neotropical forest

Rainfall regime, the amount and timing of annual precipitation, can influence the breeding phenology, individual fitness, and population dynamics of tropical birds. In Neotropical regions with rainfall seasonality (i.e., wet and dry seasons), the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exacerbate seasonal drought and negatively impact avian survival and reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying associations between seasonal drought conditions and avian demography are largely unexplored. One hypothesis is that nutritional condition mediates demographic responses to seasonal drought– individuals in poor condition may be less capable of balancing their energy budgets and consequently suffer reduced survival, lower reproductive output, or both. We estimated nutritional condition (i.e., scaled mass index, percent hematocrit, plasma lipid metabolites) as a proxy of energy balance in understory forest birds with contrasting population-level responses to dry season length. This study took place across two dry seasons of differing intensity in central Panama– an El Niño dry season (2016, severe drought) and a more typical dry season (2017). Scaled mass index remained relatively constant throughout both dry seasons and across years for five common focal species and among four foraging guilds (22 additional species, 27 species total). Three of five focal species did exhibit reduced nutritional condition (i.e., lower hematocrit and/or higher β-hydroxybutyrate) during the El Niño dry season but not during the more typical dry season. However, foraging guilds did not show consistent nutritional responses to seasonal drought and we found little evidence of reduced nutritional condition at the guild level, suggesting that many Neotropical forest bird species are capable of tolerating seasonal drought.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: Plant functional types broadly describe water use strategies in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeast Brazil

<ol> <li>In seasonally dry tropical forests, plant functional type can be classified as deciduous low wood density, deciduous high wood density, or evergreen high wood density species. While deciduousness is often associated with drought-avoidance and low wood density is often associated with tissue water storage, the degree to which these functional types may correspond to diverging and unique water use strategies has not been extensively tested. </li> <li>We examined (1) tolerance to water stress, measured by pre-dawn and mid-day leaf water potential; (2) water use efficiency, measured via foliar δ13C; and (3) access to soil water, measured via stem water δ18O.</li> <li>We found that deciduous low wood density species maintain high leaf water potential and low water use efficiency. Deciduous high wood density species have lower leaf water potential and variable water use efficiency. Both groups rely on shallow soil water. Evergreen high wood density species have low leaf water potential, higher water use efficiency, and access alternative water sources. These findings indicate that deciduous low wood density species are drought avoiders, with a specialized strategy for storing root and stem water. Deciduous high wood density species are moderately drought tolerant, and evergreen high wood density species are the most drought tolerant group. </li> <li>Synthesis. Our results broadly support the plant functional type framework as a way to understand water use strategies, but also highlight species-level differences. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Recent population differentiation in the habitat specialist Glossy Antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) across Amazonian seasonally flooded forests: Complete matrix

We assessed population structure and the spatio-temporal pattern of diversification in the Glossy Antshrike Sakesphorus luctuosus (Aves, Thamnophilidae) to understand the processes shaping the evolutionary history of Amazonian floodplains and address unresolved taxonomic controversies surrounding its species limits. By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 32 specimens of S. luctuosus, we identified independent lineages and estimated their differentiation, divergence times and migration rates. We also estimated current and past demographic histories for each recovered lineage. We found evidence confirming that S. luctuosus consists of a single species, comprising at least four populations, with some highly admixed individuals and overall similar levels of migration between populations. We confirmed the differentiation of the Araguaia River basin population (S. l. araguayae), and gathered circumstantial evidence indicating that the taxon S. hagmanni may represent a highly introgressed population between 3 distinct phylogroups of S. luctuosus. Divergence time estimates between populations seem to be recent, occurring during the last 183 kya. Signs of population expansions were detected for populations attributed to subspecies S. l. luctuosus, but the S. l. araguayae population had probably maintained its effective size through time. Our results support that S. luctuosus has had a complex population history, resulting from a high dependence on southeastern "clear-water" habitats and their availability through time. Spatial and demographic expansions towards the western "white water" flooded forests might still be ongoing. Our study reinforces the view that isolation due to absence of suitable habitat has been an important driver of population differentiation within Amazonian flooded forests, but also that differences between várzeas ("white water" floodplains, mostly in southwestern Amazonia) and igapós ("clear- water" floodplains, especially located in the east) should be further explored as powerful drivers of micro-evolution.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Recent population differentiation in the habitat specialist Glossy Antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) across Amazonian seasonally flooded forests: Final SNPs dataset

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Effects of El Niño drought on seedling dynamics in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northern Thailand

As El Niño is predicted to become stronger and more frequent in the future, it is crucial to understand how El Niño-induced droughts will affect tropical forests. Although many studies have focused on tropical rainforests, there is a paucity of studies on them, particularly in Asia, and few studies have focused on seedling dynamics, which are expected to be strongly affected by drought. Seedlings in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) are generally more drought-tolerant than those in the rainforests, and the effects of El Niño-induced droughts may differ between SDTF and tropical rainforests. In this study, we explored the impact of El Niño-induced drought at an SDTF in northern Thailand by monitoring the seedling dynamics at monthly intervals for seven years, including a period of strong El Niño. The effects were compared between two forest types in an SDTF: a deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF), dominated by deciduous species, and an adjacent lower montane forest (LMF) with more evergreen species. El Niño-induced drought increased seedling mortality in both forest types. The effect of drought was stronger in evergreen than in the deciduous species, resulting in higher mortality in the LMF during El Niño. However, El Niño increased seedling recruitment only in the DDF, mainly because of the massive recruitment of the deciduous oak, Quercus brandisiana (Fagaceae), which compensated for the mortality of seedlings in the DDF. As a result, El Niño increased seedling density in the DDF and decreased it in the LMF. This is the first long-term study to identify the differences in the impacts of El Niño on seedlings between the two forest types, DDF and LMF, and two leaf habits, evergreen and deciduous, in Southeast Asia. Our findings suggest that future climate change may alter the species composition and spatial distribution of seedlings in Asian SDTFs.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Dataset to paper "The effects of solar radiation on daily and seasonal stem increment of canopy trees in European temperate old-growth forests."

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FIGURE 6 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil

FIGURE 6. Landscape of calcareous rock outcrops (A and B) in the São Domingos municipality, state of Goiás, type locality of Oreobates antrum sp. nov. Photos by C.F. Rocha.

FIGURE 5 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil

FIGURE 5. Map showing the type locality of the Oreobates antrum sp. nov. (black star), São Domingos municipality, Brazil. DF = Federal District; GO = State of Goiás; TO = State of Tocantins; BA = State of Bahia; MG = State of Minas Gerais.

FIGURE 3 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil

FIGURE 3. Color patterns in live specimens of Oreobates antrum sp. n. from the type locality at São Domingos, State of Goiás. Dorsum light brown (A) and reddish-brown (B), absence of dorsolateral bar (C), dorsolateral longitudinal stripes from post-ocular to sacral regions (D), diagonal labial bars slightly faded (E), light brown blotches between the eyes and nostrils (F). Photos by D.L. Santos, S.P. Andrade and E.P. Victor-Junior.

FIGURE 4 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil

FIGURE 4. Power spectrum (above), oscillogram (middle), and corresponding spectrogram (below) of a single call of the Oreobates antrum sp. nov. from type-locality at municipality of São Domingos, state of Goiás, Brazil. Recorded on 01 December 2013 at 21:07h. Air temperature 19°C, relative air humidity 85%.