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FIGURE 3 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 3. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel, coracoid (A–E) and humerus (L–P). A, B, Left coracoid of the holotype, SMF-ME 825 (dorsal view); in the right image the bone is digitally enhanced. C, Right coracoid of the holotype (dorsal view). D, Left coracoid of SMF-ME 2426 (ventral view). E, Right coracoid of SMF-ME 11033B (dorsal view). F, Left coracoid of Vanellus vanellus (Charadriidae) in dorsomedial view. G, Left coracoid of Pterocles namaqua (Pteroclidae) in dorsal view. H, Left humerus of Coracias cyanogaster (Coraciiformes) in cranial view. I, Humerus (cranial view) of P. namaqua (bone from right side, mirrored). J, Humerus (cranial view) of Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogoniformes; bone from right side, mirrored). K, Humerus (cranial view) of Steatornis caripensis (Steatornithiformes; bone from right side, mirrored). L, Left humerus of SMF-ME 11033A (cranial view; the arrow indicates a fracture of the bone). M, Right humerus of SMF-ME 11033A (cranial view). N, Left humerus of SMF-ME 2426 (cranial view). O, Right humerus of SMF-ME 2426 (caudal view). P, Right humerus of SMF-ME 2426 (cranial view). Abbreviations: acr, acromion of scapula; cdd, condylus dorsalis; csc, cotyla scapularis; dep, depression on condylus ventralis; exo, extremitas omalis of furcula; fac, facies articularis clavicularis; fpt, fossa pneumotricipitalis; ppc, processus procoracoideus; tbd, tuberculum dorsale. Fossil specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 2. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel (Germany). Skulls of A, SMF-ME 2426 and B, SMF-ME 11033A. C, D, Details of pterygoid and quadrate of SMF-ME 2426; in D the bones are digitally enhanced. E, Detail of quadrate of SMF-ME 11033A. F, Cervical vertebrae (numbered) of SMF-ME 11033B in dorsal view. Abbreviations: crm, caudal end of right ramus mandibulae; fos, fossa in midsection of ramus mandibulae; rpt, right pterygoid; rqd, right quadrate; tsc, tuberculum subcapitulare. The framed areas in A and B indicate the position of the details in C–E. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 5.?Eopachypteryx sp. from the early Eocene of Messel, referred specimen SMF-ME 11417. A, SMF-ME 11417B. B, SMF-ME 11417A. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 1. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel (Germany), overview of skeletons. A, Holotype, SMF-ME 825, partial skeleton in dorsal view. B, SMF-ME 2426, partial skeleton in ventral view. C, SMF-ME 11033A, partial skeleton in ventral view. D, SMF-ME 11033B, partial skeleton in dorsal view. Abbreviation: rft, right foot. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride to enhance the contrast of the bones. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 7.?Eopachypteryx sp. from the early Eocene of Messel, referred specimen SMF-ME 11417, details of various postcranial bones. A, B, Cervical vertebrae (numbered) in dorsal (A, SMF-ME 11417B) and ventral (B, SMF-ME 11417A) view. C, Sternum (SMF-ME 11417A). D, Furcula and coracoids (SMF-ME 11417A). E, Hand section of left wing (SMF-ME 11417A). F, Right humerus in cranial view (SMF-ME 11417A). G, H, Fractured left humerus in cranial (G, SMF-ME 11417A) and caudal (H, SMF-ME 11417B) view. I, Ulna, radius, and hand section of right wing (SMF-ME 11417A). Abbreviations: apx, apex carinae; cdd, condylus dorsalis; for, lateral foramen in body of third vertebra; ila, incisura lateralis; imd, incisura medialis; lqd, left quadrate; pvt, processus ventralis of axis; tbd, tuberculum dorsale. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

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Enhanced seismicity catalog and output files of geomechanical modeling in the changning shale gas field

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Figure 4 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 4. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). A, skull roof in internal view. Scale bar: 10 cm. B, parasphenoid in ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 9. A in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 9. A, strict consensus tree based on 98 characters and 23 taxa derived from PAUP* (consensus tree length, TL = 246; consistency index, CI = 0.498; retention index, RI = 0.502; and Rohlf's CI = 0.708; consensus based on six trees, TL = 237, CI = 0.498, and RI = 0.537). B, strict consensus tree based on 98 characters and 22 taxa (excluding Kiangyousteus yohii, consensus TL = 237, CI = 0.498, RI = 0.535, and Rohlf's CI = 0.993; consensus based on three trees, TL = 237, CI = 0.498, and RI = 0.535). Named nodes: node 1, Brachythoraci; node 4, Eubrachythoraci; node 5, Pachyosteomorphi; node 6, Coccosteomorphi; node 8, Aspinothoracidi; node 9, Dunkleosteus; node 10, Panxiosteidae; node 11, Dunkleosteidae; node 12, Dunkleosteoidea; and node 13, Dinichthyidae. *Character scores for Homostius compiled for the Baltic species sensu Heintz, 1934. **Scores based on Camuropiscis concinnus and Camuropiscis laidlawi.

Figure 2. Regional geography and stratigraphic relationships. A in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 2. Regional geography and stratigraphic relationships. A, geography and depositional basins for the USA mid-continent (modified from Elliott et al., 2000). Fossil localities: 1, Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (northern Ohio); 2, Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (Kettle Point, Ontario); 3, Dinichthys herzeri (western Ohio). Structural features (thick dashed lines): a, Algonquin Arch; c, Cincinnati Arch; f, Findlay Arch. State boundaries, dot double-dash lines; Canadian boundary, dotted lines. Concentric lines of basinal deposition, thin dashed lines. Great Lakes (grey). B, generalized stratigraphic columns for the Appalachian and Michigan basins. Modified and updated from Elliott et al. (2000). A Famennian age for the entire Ohio Shale Formation is based on Over & Rhodes (2000). The presence of the Chagrin Shale Member in central Ohio is based on subsurface g-ray profiles (Walker & Babcock, 1999). Fossil localities as in A. Hiatuses in grey. O.b. = Olmsted bed in the Cleveland Shale Member.

Figure 8 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 8. Dorsal view of a generalized eubrachythoracid arthrodire skull roof, presented as a flattened image. The measurements (a, b, and c) used in the length ratios (r1 and r2) of characters 92 and 93 are indicated: r1 (character 92) = b/c; r2 (character 93) = a/c. Not drawn to scale.

Figure 1. Dinichthys herzeri. A, AMNH 81 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 1. Dinichthys herzeri. A, AMNH 81 (holotype), incomplete nuchal plate in internal view. B, AMNH 73 (paratype), left inferognathal plate in lateral view. C, AMNH 34, left anterior superognathal in lateral view. D, AMNH 33, right posterior superognathal in lateral view. Reconstruction of six denticles in the posterior tooth row based on CMNH 7257. Drawings reproduced from Hlavin, 1976. Scale bars equal 3 cm.

Figure 3 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 3. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). Reconstruction and skull roof, former based on a photograph tracing in dorsal view (A, C) and right lateral (B, D) views. Plate boundaries are difficult to discern as a result of poor preservation. Solid lines indicate clear boundaries. Dashed lines indicate dubious boundaries. Sensory line grooves are indicated by dotted lines. Scale bar: 10 cm.

Figure 7 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 7. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (UM 101105). Parasphenoid in ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 6 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 6. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (UM 101105). A, B, nuchal and paranuchal plates, and reconstruction, in internal view. C, external reconstruction. Dotted lines indicate incomplete edges; dashed lines indicate the reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the nuchal plate. Scale bars: 5 cm.

Figure 5 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)

Figure 5. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). Dermal ornamentation on postorbital plate. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 17. Unassigned Emu Bay Shale radiodont body flaps. A, SAMA P50326a. Largest known body flap. B, SAMA P55654b. C, SAMA P57407a in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics

Figure 17. Unassigned Emu Bay Shale radiodont body flaps. A, SAMA P50326a. Largest known body flap. B, SAMA P55654b. C, SAMA P57407a. Flap with straight margin of articulation (arrowhead). D, SAMA P48154a, flap with 14 transverse lines and sharply defined margin of attachment (arrowhead). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B–D = 10 mm.

Figure 12 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics

Figure 12. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. frontal appendages. A, B, SAMA P49151b. C, D, SAMA P48371a. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B, D = 5 mm; C = 10 mm.

Figure 13 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics

Figure 13. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. head elements. A, SAMA P51380a. B, C, SAMA P45911b, a, respectively (light in C is from the top). Arrowheads in A and C indicate narrow marginal rim. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 9 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics

Figure 9. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. SAMA P54876. Frontal appendage. A, B, P54876a, overview. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, P54876b, detail of counterpart, showing well-preserved endites (En2–8) with auxiliary spines in epirelief. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1—Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; En1–11, endites of claw podomeres 1–11; sp, spinules. Scale bars: A, B = 20 mm; C = 10 mm.

Figure 5 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics

Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm.