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342 results for “sorghum”
Data from: Increased power to dissect adaptive traits in global sorghum diversity using a nested association mapping population
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Systematic prediction of EMS-induced mutations in a sorghum mutant population
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A genomics resource for genetics, physiology, and breeding of West African sorghum
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Data from: Accelerating seed germination and seedling development of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) through hydro-priming
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Genotyping-by-sequencing data for a Haitian sorghum breeding program
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Plant-soil feedback of the invasive Sorghum halepense on Hainan island, China
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Natural variation further increases resilience of sorghum bred for chronically drought-prone environments
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Data from: Seed priming and Zaï pit practice improve field performance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Sahelian zone of Mali
Poor seed germination caused by a variety of seed, soil and environmental factors lead to suboptimal seedling stand and ultimately yield suffers a serious setback. A number of priming techniques have been found to be effective in increasing germination and seedling growth and development. This includes techniques such as on-farm hydro-priming (seed soaking in well water) and osmo-priming (seed soaking in low osmotic solutions of Potassium silicate). Also, Zaï practice, a cropping system concentrating runoff water and manure in pits, may be a simple solution in addition to seed priming techniques for crop establishment under early drought and heat prone areas and for increased productivity of poor soils. This study aims to evaluate the combined effect of priming and cultural practices (ridge and zaï pits) on three sorghum varieties in the Sahelian zone of Mali. Data were collected during two growing seasons in 2014 and 2015. Monitored parameters were assessed by comparing the impact of priming with untreated sorghum seeds (the control) cultivated on ridges and zaï pits with or without compost. We also compared the effect of hydro-priming in water from well to osmo-priming using K2SiO3 performance. Hence, each of the 3 sorghum variety seeds were subjected to 3 different priming, sowed on ridges and zaï treatments. Variety banidoka and CSM63E recorded the maximum GP (54.0%) which was significantly higher than saba-tienda GP (48%). The priming treatments were not statistically different for germination but showed slight improvement in GP for primed (54%) compared to unprimed (48%). Germination percentages were significantly higher in zaï pits practice without (55%) and with compost (55%) compared to ridges (48%). Grain yield varied significantly among sorghum varieties (p<0. 04) and cultural practices (p<0. 01). There was no significant difference among priming treatments for grain yield. However, variety banidoka produced the highest grain yield (961 kg ha-1) followed by CSM63E (874 kg ha-1) and lastly saba-tienda (671 kg ha-1) with banidoka showing statistically different yield compared to saba-tienda. Zaï pits practice with compost obtained the highest GY (1131 kg ha-1), which was statistically different from the GY of zaï pits practice without compost (695 kg ha-1) and ridge practice (742 kg ha-1). Zaï pits practice without compost did not statistically differ from ridge practice. The findings showed that seed priming in addition to zaï pits practice improves seed germination and seedling development of sorghum probably by accelerating imbibition and providing continuous moisture during the germination phase. Combining seed priming and zai pit practice with compost appears a simple practice that will improve crop establishment and grain yield in the Sahelian zone of West Africa.
Data from: Genetic analysis of inflorescence and plant height components in sorghum (Panicoidae) and comparative genetics with rice (Oryzoidae)
Background: Domestication has played an important role in shaping characteristics of the inflorescence and plant height in cultivated cereals. Taking advantage of meta-analysis of QTLs, phylogenetic analyses in 502 diverse sorghum accessions, GWAS in a sorghum association panel (n = 354) and comparative data, we provide insight into the genetic basis of the domestication traits in sorghum and rice. Results: We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 6 traits related to inflorescence morphology and 6 traits related to plant height in sorghum, comparing the genomic regions implicated in these traits by GWAS and QTL mapping, respectively. In a search for signatures of selection, we identify genomic regions that may contribute to sorghum domestication regarding plant height, flowering time and pericarp color. Comparative studies across taxa show functionally conserved 'hotspots' in sorghum and rice for awn presence and pericarp color that do not appear to reflect corresponding single genes but may indicate co-regulated clusters of genes. We also reveal homoeologous regions retaining similar functions for plant height and flowering time since genome duplication an estimated 70 million years ago or more in a common ancestor of cereals. In most such homoeologous QTL pairs, only one QTL interval exhibits strong selection signals in modern sorghum. Conclusions: Intersections among QTL, GWAS and comparative data advance knowledge of genetic determinants of inflorescence and plant height components in sorghum, and add new dimensions to comparisons between sorghum and rice.
Data from: Comparative transcriptome and lipidome analyses reveal molecular chilling responses in chilling-tolerant sorghums
Chilling temperatures (0 to 15°C) are a major constraint for temperate cultivation of tropical-origin crops, including the cereal crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Northern Chinese sorghums have adapted to early-season chilling, but molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance are unknown. We used RNA sequencing of seedlings to compare the chilling-responsive transcriptomes of a chilling-tolerant Chinese accession with a chilling-sensitive US reference line, and mass spectrometry to compare chilling-responsive lipidomes of four chilling-tolerant Chinese accessions with two US reference lines. Comparative transcriptomics revealed chilling-induced up-regulation of cold-response regulator C-repeat binding factor (CBF) transcription factor and genes involved in reactive oxygen detoxification, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and lipid remodeling phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) gene in the chilling-tolerant Chinese line. Lipidomics revealed conserved chilling-induced increases in lipid unsaturation, as well as lipid remodeling of photosynthetic membranes that is specific to chilling-tolerant Chinese accessions. Our results point to CBF-mediated transcriptional regulation, galactolipid and phospholipid remodeling, and JA as potential molecular mechanisms underlying chilling adaptation in Chinese sorghums. These molecular systems underlying chilling response could be targeted in molecular breeding for chilling tolerance.
Data from: Population genomics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) across diverse agroclimatic zones of Niger
Improving adaptation of staple crops in developing countries is important to ensure food security. In the West African country of Niger, the staple crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is cultivated across diverse agroclimatic zones, but the genetic basis of local adaptation has not been described. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genomic diversity of sorghum from Niger and to identify genomic regions conferring local adaptation to agroclimatic zones and farmer preferences. We analyzed 516 Nigerien accessions for which local variety name, botanical race, and geographic origin were known. We discovered 144,299 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We performed discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), which identified six genetic groups, and performed a genome scan for loci with high discriminant loadings. The highest discriminant coefficients were on chromosome 9, near the putative ortholog of maize flowering time adaptation gene Vgt1. Next, we characterized differentiation among local varieties and used a genome scan of pairwise FST values to identify SNPs associated with specific local varieties. Comparison of varieties named for light- versus dark-grain identified differentiation near Tannin1, the major gene responsible for grain tannins. These findings could facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of locally-adapted and farmer-preferred sorghum varieties for Niger.
Phenotypic data for the Sorghum bicolor core collection selected from the whole collection in the Uganda National GeneBank
<p>Passport data for the Sorghum bicolor core collection selected from the whole collection in the Uganda National GeneBank (Information is based on 286 core collection accessions, excluding 24 accessions which did not germinate in this trial</p>
Innovafrica-Sorghum-Legume trials lindi
<p>Ensuring food security in small-scale farming requires improvement of productivity of food crops to ensure access of food in local communities. the objective of the sorghum-legume demonstration trial was to demonstrate the performance of proven Sustainable Agricultural Intensification (SAI) practices in terms of yield, soil quality and labour efficiency. A farmers-led field trails were conducted in Nachunyu and Mmumbu villages in Lindi district, Tanzania. The SAI technologies validated include: i) Treatment 1: Conventional tillage – farmers practice, consisting of hand hoe cultivation, residue were removed, no herbicides applied (hand hoe weeding) and continuous sorghum ii) Treatment 2: Conservation tillage dibble stick, retention of crop residues but no herbicide use (traditional weeding), and cropping system of continuous sorghum, applied fertilizers and no burning of residues; iii) Treatment 3: Conservation tillage using dibble stick, retention of crop residues, applied herbicide immediately after planting , but continuous sorghum, applied fertilizer (NPS) and no burning of residues; iv) Treatment 4: Conservation agriculture with legume-sorghum rotation, tillage dibble stick, retention of crop residues, apply herbicide roundup soon after planting followed by traditional hand hoe weeding when needed after crop germination, apply fertilizers (NPS), started with sorghum in season one (1) 2017/18. Soil samples were collected before the trials and after the trials. Data collected includes grain yields and residue biomass. </p>
ЖИРОНОКИСЛОТНЫЙ СОСТАВ ЛИПИДОВ ЗЕРНОВОГО СОРГО (SORGHUM) ВИДА «КАТТА-БАШ»
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TAMU - ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum 2022 Texas site comprehensive sensor modalities data set.
<p>Comprehensive Year 2 data of ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum project titled "Establishing Validation Sites for Field-Level Emissions Quantification from Grain Sorghum in Southern Great Plains". Data sets includes Eddy Caovariance measurements of GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) along with sub acre level soil moisture, soil temperarature, soil N and carbon, plant biomass and yield. This data is from the Texas site of the project. </p>
UF/OSU - ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum 2022 Oklahoma site comprehensive sensor modalities data set.
<p>Comprehensive Year 2 data of ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum project titled "Establishing Validation Sites for Field-Level Emissions Quantification from Grain Sorghum in Southern Great Plains". Data sets includes Eddy Caovariance measurements of GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) along with sub acre level soil moisture, soil temperarature, soil N and carbon, plant biomass and yield. This data is from the Oklahoma site of the project. </p>
TAMU - ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum 2021 Texas site comprehensive sensor modalities data set.
<p>Comprehensive Year 1 data of ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum project titled "Establishing Validation Sites for Field-Level Emissions Quantification from Grain Sorghum in Southern Great Plains". Data sets includes Eddy Caovariance measurements of GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) along with sub acre level soil moisture, soil temperarature, soil N and carbon, plant biomass and yield. This data is from the Texas site of the project. </p>
TAMU - ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum 2023 Texas site comprehensive sensor modalities data set.
<p>Comprehensive Year 3 data of ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum project titled "Establishing Validation Sites for Field-Level Emissions Quantification from Grain Sorghum in Southern Great Plains". Data sets includes Eddy Caovariance measurements of GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) along with sub acre level soil moisture, soil temperarature, soil N and carbon, plant biomass and yield. This data is from the Texas site of the project. </p>
UF/OSU - ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum 2021 Oklahoma site comprehensive sensor modalities data set
<p>Comprehensive Year 1 data of ARPA-E SMARTFARM Grain Sorghum project titled "Establishing Validation Sites for Field-Level Emissions Quantification from Grain Sorghum in Southern Great Plains". Data sets includes Eddy Caovariance measurements of GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) along with sub acre level soil moisture, soil temperarature, soil N and carbon, plant biomass and yield. This data is from the Oklahoma site of the project.</p>
Construction of an Ultra-High-Density Consensus Linkage Map in Sorghum bicolor
<p>A consensus genetic map were created by merging linkage maps from four published studies (Ji et al. 2017; Lopez et al. 2017; Kong et al. 2018; Phuong et al. 2019) using package LPmerge of R software.</p>
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