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1,492 results for “species delimitation”
FIGURE 5 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 5: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. integument (A-C. light micrographs; D-E. LT-SEM): A – surface-level view depicting many depressions, each containing many pits, note muscle scars are not yet in-focus; B – mid-level view depicting tubular 'trunks' formed by the convergence of the branches from each pit; C – bottom-level view depicting bases of trunks, note that the muscle scars are infocus; D – surface-level view of a single depression containing many pits that represent the openings of the many internal branches; E – lateral aspect of idiosoma with a tear between the dorsum and venter, note the surface-level depressions on the dorsum (top) and inner-level openings of the 'trunks' into the body on the venter (bottom).
FIGURE 2 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 2: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. morphs (A-D compound light micrographs; E-F stereomicrographs): A – Morph I female, note large dorsal spots, pigmented gnathosoma and venter (within area of primary sclerotization), and orange legs; B – Morph II female, note small dorsal spots, and colorless gnathosoma, legs, and venter (except for genital plate); C – Morph I male (note same coloration as female); D – Morph II male (note same coloration as female but with hind coxae pigmented); E-F – Dorsal habitus of Morph I & II, respectively.
FIGURE 13 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 13: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. pedipalp (LT-SEM): A-B – medial (A) and lateral (B) view of genu depicting medial placement of disto-ventral dentate projections; C-D – lateral (C) and inner (D) detail of femoral projection; E – lateral detail of mid-ventral tibial spines. Fringed spatulate setae (fss); long simple setae (lss); short grooved setae (sgs).
Solving the coral species delimitation conundrum
<p>Distinguishing coral species is not only crucial for physiological, ecological and evolutionary studies, but also to enable effective management of threatened reef ecosystems. However, traditional hypotheses that delineate coral species based on morphological traits from the coral skeleton are frequently at odds with tree-based molecular approaches. Additionally, a dearth of species-level molecular markers has made species delimitation particularly challenging in species-rich coral genera, leading to the widespread assumption that inter-specific hybridization might be responsible for this apparent conundrum. Here, we used three lines of evidence – morphology, breeding trials and molecular approaches – to identify species boundaries in a group of ecologically important tabular <i>Acropora </i> corals. In contrast to previous studies, our morphological analyses yielded groups that were congruent with experimental crosses as well as with coalescent-based and allele sharing-based multilocus approaches to species delimitation. Our results suggest that species of the genus <i>Acropora </i> are reproductively isolated and independently evolving units that can be distinguished morphologically. These findings not only pave the way for a taxonomic revision of coral species but also outline an approach that can provide a solid basis to address species delimitation and provide conservation support to a wide variety of keystone organisms.</p>
Data from: Testing the success of palaeontological methods in the delimitation of clam shrimp (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) on extant species
<p><span>Fossil spinicaudatan taxonomy heavily relies on carapace features (size, shape, ornamentation), and palaeontologists have greatly refined methods to study and describe carapace variability. Whether carapace features alone are sufficient for distinguishing between species of a single genus has remained untested. In our study, we tested common palaeontological methods on 481 individuals of the extant Australian genus <em>Ozestheria</em> that have been previously assigned to ten species based on genetic analysis. All species are morphologically distinct based on geometric morphometrics (p </span><span>≤ </span><span>0.001), but they occupy overlapping regions in <em>Ozestheria</em> morphospace. Linear discriminant analysis of Fourier shape coefficients reaches a mean model performance of 93.8% correctly classified individuals over all possible 45 pairwise species comparisons. This can be further increased by combining the size and shape datasets. Nine of the ten examined species are clearly sexually dimorphic but male and female morphologies strongly overlap within species with little influence on model performance. Ornamentation is commonly species-diagnostic; seven ornamentation types are distinguished of which six are species-specific while one is shared by four species. A transformation of main ornamental features (e.g. from punctate to smooth) can occur among closely related species suggesting short evolutionary timescales. Our overall results support the taxonomic value of carapace features, which should also receive greater attention in the taxonomy of extant species. The extensive variation in carapace shape and ornamentation is noteworthy and several species would probably have been assigned to different genera or families if these had been fossils, bearing implications for the systematics of fossil Spinicaudata.</span></p>
Insights into species delimitation of selected species in the flowering plant genus Medicago section Buceras (Leguminosae)
<p>The genus <em>Medicago</em> (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) contains about 90 species including the important forage crop alfalfa <em>Medicago sativa</em> and the genomic model <em>Medicago truncatula</em>. Despite intensive research on the genus because of its agricultural importance, there is a relative lack of information about chromosome number and genome size in some <em>Medicago</em> species, especially those from section <em>Buceras</em> that were formerly placed in the sister genus <em>Trigonella</em>, and are paraphyletic to the remainder of the genus <em>Medicago</em>. Past studies revealed that previous species delimitations did not conform well with complex patterns of morphological or genetic variation. Some published chromosome numbers, e.g., 2n = 28 and 2n = 44, differ from those of the rest of the genus, which are mostly 2n = 16 or polyploids thereof, although some cases of aneuploid reduction or dysploidy (e.g., 2n = 14) do exist. Here we estimated phylogenetic relationships of 42 accessions corresponding to 14 currently recognized <em>Medicago</em> species that are paraphyletic to the remainder of <em>Medicago</em> with a focus on <em>Medicago monantha</em>; for a number of those accessions, we obtained estimates of genome size (39) and chromosome number (14). We can confirm the delimitation of two species within section <em>Buceras</em>, and our data suggest that there are at least two entities with distinct geographic distributions within the currently recognized species <em>M. monantha,</em> which differ in chromosome number and genome size. Our data also suggest that polyploidy and post-polyploid descending dysploidy played a significant role in genome evolution within section <em>Buceras.</em> Our data provide a strong foundation for whole-genome sequencing projects and further in-depth research of these paraphyletic lineages.</p>
Data from: Reassessment of morphological species delimitations in the Cyperus margaritaceus-niveus complex using morphometrics
<p><strong><span>Background and aims</span></strong> – The Cyperus margaritaceus-niveus complex is a group of ten tropical species from sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: <em>C. karlschumanii, C. kibweanus, C. ledermannii, C. margaritaceus, C. niveus, C. nduru, C. obtusiflorus, C. somaliensis, C. sphaerocephalus</em>, and <em>C. tisserantii</em>. They are characterised by a capitate head of white-yellow spikelets and modified culm bases and recent molecular analysis puts them in as a distinct clade. The group lacks a modern taxonomic revision, and the taxa described in the Flora treatments of the past 50 years differ considerably in their circumscription. In this study, morphometric analyses are used to test species limits to establish more stable morphological delimitations of the taxa.</p> <p><strong>Material and methods</strong> – An examination of 15 morphological characters on 489 herbarium specimens was carried out and the data was analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with cross-validation, and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. <em>Cyperus</em> <em>kibweanus</em> was not further considered due to lack of material.</p> <p><strong>Key results</strong> – Both PCA and LDA showed varying degrees of overlap in the nine remaining taxa, with no single group clearly separating in multivariate space. However, cross-validation clearly showed <em>C. margaritaceus</em> as a distinct entity despite its overwhelming presence in the PCA. Both LDA and CART failed to separate <em>C. niveus</em> as a distinct group as its specimens were dispersed among the other groups. Differing results were obtained for other taxa depending on the type of analysis. <em>C. margaritaceus, C. nduru</em>, and <em>C</em>. <em>sphaerocephalus</em> were divided into two groups by CART but re-examination of the specimens does not definitively support the idea that these infraspecific groups represent separate taxa.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong> – The results show that eight morphospecies are recognised by LDA and six morphospecies by CART. Characters used to separate the taxa in Flora treatments scored high loadings in the analysis showing their high taxonomic utility value. The methods used can be applied to resolving other complexes in the Cyperaceae.</p>
Supplementary datasets to: Molecular species delimitation and morphometry in the Melampus bidentatus (Panpulmonata, Ellobiidae) cryptic species complex
<p>The coffee bean snail <em>Melampus</em> <em>bidentatus</em> occurs in coastal salt marshes along the North American Atlantic and Gulf coasts and in the Caribbean. It was recently found that this large geographical span is actually occupied by a complex of three apparently cryptic species (preliminarily called "North", "South", and "Gulf") with partially overlapping distributions. Until now, it was not clear whether there are any morphological differences between the three species or which of the available names can be applied to e<span>ach </span>of the cryptic species. We used the already-known distribution patterns of the cryptic species as well as new barcode sequences to assign available names to the three cryptic species. We then compared morphological characters from 264 specimens using two approaches: an analysis based on 11 landmark points on the shell and another based on the entire shell outline. We were able to assign a nominal name to each of the three cryptic species: <em>Melampus</em> <em>bidentatus</em> for "North", <em>Melampus</em> <em>jaumei</em> for "South", and <em>Melampus</em> <em>gundlachi</em> for "Gulf". The morphometric analyses did not yield any diagnostic differentiating features; these cryptic species are hence diagnosable solely by genetic analysis but may phenotypically differ in some unseen internal features or in their physiology.</p>
Integrating host use and dispersal ability with species delimitation to unravel a cryptic radiation of photosynthetic sea slugs
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Data from: Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen
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Data from: Reassessment of morphological species delimitations in the Cyperus margaritaceus-niveus complex using morphometrics
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Supplementary datasets to: Molecular species delimitation and morphometry in the Melampus bidentatus (Panpulmonata, Ellobiidae) cryptic species complex
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Data from: Species delimitation in Tetraploid, Apomictic Amelanchier (Rosaceae)
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Species delimitation in the Eviota sigillata species complex, a widely distributed group of cryptobenthic coral reef fishes
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Data from: Phylogeography, population structure, and species delimitation in rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome and Eudyptes moseleyi)
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‘Picking up signals’ in male genital morphospace and integrating phylogenomics to delimit Neotropical Nylanderia Emery species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
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Data from: Phylogenomics disentangles the evolutionary history of spruces (Picea) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: implications for the design of population genetic studies and species delimitation of conifers
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Data from: Population structure and species delimitation in the Wehrle’s salamander complex
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Data from: Lineage diversification of fringe-toed lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex) in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting species in the presence of gene flow
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Data from: High species diversity of Phintella and Phintella-like spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Vietnam revealed by DNA-based species delimitation analyses
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.