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FIGURE3. Taxonomic illustration of Paraputo blackmani Joshi sp.n., adult female. A. Body overview; B. Antenna; C. Anal ring; D. Tarsal and claw digitules, claw without a denticle; E. Coxa with translucent pores; F. Trilocular pores; G. Anal lobe cerarius (C18); H. Penultimate cerarius (C17); I. Antepenultimate cerarius (C); J. Setae at ocular position (C3); K. Setae at 16 frontal position (C1); L. Dorsal seta; M. Discoidal pore; N. Ventral setae; O. Multilocular disc-pore; P. Oral collar tubular ducts of two sizes. in --A--new--species--of--Paraputo--Laing--1929--(Hemiptera:--Coccomorpha:-- Pseudococcidae)--from--India

FIGURE3. Taxonomic illustration of Paraputo blackmani Joshi sp.n., adult female. A. Body overview; B. Antenna; C. Anal ring; D. Tarsal and claw digitules, claw without a denticle; E. Coxa with translucent pores; F. Trilocular pores; G. Anal lobe cerarius (C18); H. Penultimate cerarius (C17); I. Antepenultimate cerarius (C); J. Setae at ocular position (C3); K. Setae at 16 frontal position (C1); L. Dorsal seta; M. Discoidal pore; N. Ventral setae; O. Multilocular disc-pore; P. Oral collar tubular ducts of two sizes.

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Data from: Evolutionary patterns of ploidy and genome size variations show positive correlations with taxonomic diversity in tropical gingers (Zingiberaceae)

Premise: Cytogenetic traits such as an organism's chromosome number and genome size are taxonomically critical and can define angiosperm diversity. Variations in these cytogenetic traits by evolutionary processes such as polyploidization are known to be common, although underexplored in tropical plants. Zingiberaceae is a pantropical monocot family with ~1500 species where cytogenetic characters have often been used to define taxonomic boundaries, but a family-wide synthesis of cytogenetic patterns is absent. Methods: A time-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed to test for different models of chromosome number and genome size evolution in Zingiberaceae. We next tested how chromosome number and genome size variations differed with lineage-age, taxonomic diversity, and distributional range at two taxonomic ranks: within the family Zingiberaceae, and in the genus Hedychium using correlations, generalized linear models and phylogenetic least square models. Key results: The most frequent changes in chromosome number within Zingiberaceae were demi-polyploidization and polyploidization (~57 % of the time), followed by ascending dysploidy (~27 %). The subfamily Zingiberoideae showed descending dysploidy at its base, while Alpinioideae showed polyploidization at its internal nodes. Although chromosome counts and genome sizes did not corroborate with each other, suggesting that they are not equivalent, at both taxonomic ranks, higher chromosome number variations and higher genome size variations were associated with higher taxonomic diversity and wider biogeographic distribution. Conclusions: Within Zingiberaceae, multiple incidences of polyploidization were discovered, and these cytogenetic events appear to have impacted the morphology, decreased genome sizes, and increased taxonomic diversity, distributional range and invasiveness of plants within this family.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

FIGURE 5 in A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position

FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Gnathospinosa qinlingensis Liao & Huang, sp. nov., holotype. A. Genitalic capsule excluding aedeagus, lateral view B. Right valva, inner view C. Aedeagus, lateral view D. Aedeagus, ventral view E. Genitalic capsule, excluding aedeagus and valva, ventral view F. Genitalic capsule excluding aedeagus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 6 in A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position

FIGURE 6. Taxonomic position of Gnathospinosa Liao & Huang, gen. nov. and G. qinlingensis Liao & Huang, sp. nov. based on the co1 sequences analyses. Notes: the numbers on the lobes indicate bootstrap values of NJ/ME tree.

FIGURE 4 in A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position

FIGURE 4. Legs of Gnathospinosa qinlingensis Liao & Huang, sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Hindleg B. Midleg C. Foreleg D. Epiphysis of foreleg.

FIGURE 3 in A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position

FIGURE 3. Head structure of Gnathospinosa qinlingensis Liao & Huang, sp. nov., male, paratype. A–B. Head with scales: A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view. C–G. Head scales removed: C. Posterior view of head (the arrow indicates the vom Rath's organ, as well as the arrow in G); D. Antenna; E. Left maxillary palpus and gelea; F. Left labial palpus; G. The vom Rath's organ on the labial palpus.

FIGURES 1–2 in A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position

FIGURES 1–2. Gnathospinosa qinlingensis Liao & Huang, sp. nov. 1. Male adults, holotype; 2. Wing venation, paratype.

Fig. 6 in Unusual Pipistrelle: Taxonomic Position of the Malayan Noctule (Pipistrellus stenopterus; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera)

Fig. 6. Penial bones (baculum) of selected Vespertilionine species: 1, Pipistrellus abramus (ZMMU n/n, Vietnam). 2, Glischropus bucephalus (ZMMU S-184658). 3, Pipistrellus nathusii (ZMMU S-183034). 4, Hypsugo joffrei (ZMMU S-186691). 5, P. stenopterus (ZMMU S-103149). 6, P. coromandra (ZMMU S-184690). 7, Nyctalus noctula (ZMMU S-180228). 8, Philetor brachypterus. 9, Scotozous dormeri. 10, H. pulveratus. 1-7, original drawings; dorsal, lateral and ventral views. 8-10, after Hill & Harrison, 1987, dorsal and lateral views. Scale bar = 3 mm.

Fig. 4 in Unusual Pipistrelle: Taxonomic Position of the Malayan Noctule (Pipistrellus stenopterus; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera)

Fig. 4. Scatter plot of the two first Principal Components, calculated for 43 species of Pipistrellus, Nyctalus, Glischropus, Scotozous, Philetor, Hypsugo, Tylonycteris, Falsistrellus and Arielulus (322 specimens, including 17 P. stenopterus) based on 22 skull measurements. PC I (28.54% of total variance) have high correlations with C and CC; PC II (19.46%) – with BCW, ZW and POC. Genotyped specimen of P. stenopterus is marked by asterisk.

Fig. 5 in Unusual Pipistrelle: Taxonomic Position of the Malayan Noctule (Pipistrellus stenopterus; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera)

Fig. 5. Skull features of Pipistrellus stenopterus: (A) general skull shape; (B) mandible shape in lateral view of P. stenopterus (ZMMU S-103149; B1) and Nyctalus (N. plancyi ZMMU S-164496; B2); (C) upper incisors and canine in lateral view of (C1) Philetor brachypterus (ROM MAM 113087) and (C2) P. stenopterus (ROM MAM 41436).

Fig. 2 in Unusual Pipistrelle: Taxonomic Position of the Malayan Noctule (Pipistrellus stenopterus; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera)

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic ML tree reconstructed from alignment of the mitochondrial gene cytb. Numbers on tree nodes indicate bootstrap values (BS) and posterior probabilities (PP) for ML/BI, respectively.

Fig. 1 in Unusual Pipistrelle: Taxonomic Position of the Malayan Noctule (Pipistrellus stenopterus; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera)

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic ML tree reconstructed from alignment of the mitochondrial gene COI. Numbers on tree nodes indicate bootstrap values (BS) and posterior probabilities (PP) for ML/BI, respectively.

Fig. 3 in Unusual Pipistrelle: Taxonomic Position of the Malayan Noctule (Pipistrellus stenopterus; Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic ML tree reconstructed from alignment of the nuclear gene RAG-2. Numbers on tree nodes indicate bootstrap values (BS) and posterior probabilities (PP) for ML/BI, respectively. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan

FIGURE 3. Pietrosia laevitomentosa. A. Infertile fruit with corolla tube and pappus remains. B in First mature fruit description of Pietrosia laevitomentosa (Asteraceae) and its implications to the taxonomic position of the genus Pietrosia

FIGURE 3. Pietrosia laevitomentosa. A. Infertile fruit with corolla tube and pappus remains. B. Comparison of infertile (left) and fertile fruit (right). Bar scale 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in First mature fruit description of Pietrosia laevitomentosa (Asteraceae) and its implications to the taxonomic position of the genus Pietrosia

FIGURE 5. Matured fruit structure of Pietrosia laevitomentosa. A. Fruit fragment. B. Small rib detail. Bar scale 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 in First mature fruit description of Pietrosia laevitomentosa (Asteraceae) and its implications to the taxonomic position of the genus Pietrosia

FIGURE 2. Fertile achenes of Pietrosia laevitomentosa. A. Photograph. B. Drawing. C. Fertile seed. D. Mature fruit split to expose the seed. Bar scale 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in First mature fruit description of Pietrosia laevitomentosa (Asteraceae) and its implications to the taxonomic position of the genus Pietrosia

FIGURE 4. SEM microphotographs of achenes of Pietrosia laevitomentosa. A. Infertile achene apex. B. Fertile achene apex. C. Fertile achene sculpture. D. Detail of a granular pattern.

FIGURE 1. A in First mature fruit description of Pietrosia laevitomentosa (Asteraceae) and its implications to the taxonomic position of the genus Pietrosia

FIGURE 1. A. Habitat of Pietrosia laevitomentosa. B. Synflorescences of Pietrosia laevitomentosa in fruit.

opennotspecifiedMay 2015View details →

FIGURES 15–24 in Ultrastructure and taxonomic position of Cymbella latestriata Pantocsek (Bacillariophyta)

FIGURES 15–24: Cymbella latestriata, SEM. 15–18. External view of valves. Note the shape of raphe fissure. 17. A whole frustule. 19. Internal view a valve. 20–24. Details of apical pore fields on the mantle. 20, 21, 23, 24. Details of apical pore fields and distal raphe fissures, external view. 22. Internal view of pore with apical pore field. Scale bars = 10 μm on Figs 15–19. and = 1 μm on Figs. 20–24.