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5,184 results for “young”
High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
<p>Genetic introgression, allele exchange across species boundaries, is a commonly recognized feature of animal evolution. Under such a paradigm contemporary contact zones provide first-hand and complementary insight into the geographic, phenotypic, and genetic details of introgression. Also, when mate choice phenotypes are conspicuous and variable in hybrids, contact zones provide potential insight into how sexual selection interacts with species boundary maintenance, particularly when postzygotic reproductive isolation is weak. The <em>Habronattus</em> <em>americanus</em> subgroup includes several recently evolved jumping spider species, with an estimated age of about 200,000 years, and substantial evidence for hybridization and introgression. We explored a contact zone involving <em>H. americanus</em> (Keyserling, 1885) and <em>H. kubai</em> (Griswold, 1979) on Mount Shasta, California, in alpine habitats that would have been unavailable (under ice) at the Last Glacial Maximum. We characterized morphological diversity within the contact zone, including the fine-scale geographic distribution of hybrid and parental individuals, and assessed genetic variation using ddRADseq data. Combined results indicate a lack of measured genomic differentiation between specimens with distinct morphologies, including individuals with phenotypes of the parental species. We identified a diverse array of hybrid morphologies, with phenotypic evidence for backcrossing, essentially forming a phenotypic bridge between parental taxa. The study area is characterized by more hybrid than parental individuals, with a significantly larger number of red-palped morphologies than white and/or yellow-palped morphologies; the novel, white-palped phenotype is perhaps transgressive. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expected ebb and flow of lineage interactions during the early stages of speciation.</p>
Uptake of Human Papilloma Virus vaccine among young women living in fishing communities in Wakiso and Mukono districts, Uganda
<p>Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a preventable cause of cervical cancer, the most common cancer among women in Uganda. The Uganda Ministry of Health included the HPV vaccine in the free routine immunization schedule since 2015. Five years after this policy, we assessed the uptake of the HPV vaccine and associated socio-demographic factors among young women living in fishing communities in Central Uganda in 2020.</p> <p>We analyzed secondary data from 94 young women aged 9–25 years who were recruited from the two fishing communities (Kasenyi landing site and Koome Island) in a primary implementation study that aimed to promote awareness of maternal and childhood vaccines. We assessed uptake of the HPV vaccine as the proportion of participants who self-reported to have ever received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. We assessed the socio-demographic factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake using a modified Poisson regression model adjusted for clustering by study site in STATA version 17.</p> <p>The mean (standard deviation) age of study participants was 21.1 (3.1) years and most (81.9%) of them were from Kasenyi landing site. The uptake of the HPV vaccine was 10.6% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.6, 18.9]. After adjusting for covariates, being 20–25 years old (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 0.18, 95%CI 0.06, 0.59) and of Catholic religion (aPR 5.55, 95%CI 1.53, 20.16) were significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake. The HPV vaccine uptake was very low, despite the reported 99% national coverage of HPV vaccination program for the first dose at the end of 2019. Age and religion were shown to be important determinants of the HPV vaccine uptake. Reasons for very low uptake of HPV vaccinations need to be carefully assessed to find effective strategies to improve it.</p>
Supplementary material Next-generation sequencing reveals that miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-451a and miR-25-3p cargo in plasma extracellular vesicles differentiates sedentary young males from athletes.
<p>A sedentary lifestyle is a leading risk factor for global mortality. No objective molecular biomarker of sedentarism is available. Extracellular vesicles miRNAs have been described to respond to exercise. Our aim was to identify the extracellular vesicle miRNA profile of chronically trained young male athletes, endurance and resistance, compared to their sedentary counterparts. A descriptive case-control design with 16 sedentary young men, 16 Olympic male endurance athletes and 16 Olympic male resistance athletes. Next Generation Sequencing and RT-qPCR, external and internal validation, were performed in order to analysed extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles. miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-451a were significantly upregulated in SED compared to END and RES. Besides, miR-25-3p was specifically down-regulated in END compared to SED. Extracellular vesicle miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-451a provide an objective signature of sedentarism irrespective of the type of exercise and miR-25-3p as a specific responder to endurance training. Therefore, this study provides for the first time an objective measure to categorise individuals as sedentary or trained in young male population and moreover, it highlights a common epigenetic modulation between models of training.</p>
Rapid positive response of young trees growth to warming reverses nitrogen loss from subtropical soil
<ol> <li>Global warming is widely expected to alter nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by accelerating N transformations in soils. However, it is unclear how warming will affect plant–soil N cycling in subtropical ecosystems.</li> <li>Here, we measured the N transformations including net ammoniation, nitrification, nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrate in soil solution throughout the plant–soil continuum with two years of experimental soil warming (+5 °C) in a young subtropical Chinese fir mesocosm. Seasonal variations of soil and plant (foliage and root) N concentrations and isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N), foliar water use efficiency, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rate were measured.</li> <li>Soil warming significantly increased net ammoniation and nitrification of the soil, together with the transient positive response observed in inorganic N of the soil. Warming increased nitrate N fluxes in soil solution and nitrous oxide emissions in the first year but not in the second year, suggesting N losses through leaching and gaseous in the initial period of warming. Warming primarily induced enrichment of <sup>15</sup>N in foliage relative to the soil, which was attributed to the trade-offs of persistent increases in plant N uptake caused by enhanced tree growth and a decrease in N losses with continuous warming.</li> <li>Warming significantly increased arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and foliar water use efficiency throughout the warming period. These results suggest that young trees' growth and N uptake can rapidly acclimate to warming by mechanisms including increases in plant water use efficiency and mycorrhizal colonization.</li> <li>Our findings highlight that warming accelerates the plant–soil N cycle and promotes young trees' growth and N uptake, which in turn reduces soil N lost from this subtropical ecosystem. Therefore, our study suggests that the competition for N between plants and microbes governs whether subtropical forests are opened or closed N cycle systems under climate warming. We highlight that young trees can still maintain their high productivity in facing future climate warming since warming can improve plant N uptake and reduce N loss from subtropical ecosystems. </li> </ol>
Young and older adult vowel categorization responses
<p>Age-related changes in auditory processing may reduce physiological coding of acoustic cues, contributing to older adults' difficulty perceiving speech in background noise. This study investigated whether older adults differed from young adults in patterns of acoustic cue weighting for categorizing vowels in quiet and in noise. All participants relied primarily on spectral quality to categorize /Ꜫ/ and /æ/ sounds in both listening conditions. However, relative to young adults, older adults exhibited greater reliance on duration and less reliance on spectral quality. These results suggest that aging alters patterns of perceptual cue weights that may influence speech recognition abilities.</p>
Supplementary file for the manuscript entitled: Demographic and genetic impacts of powdery mildew in a young oak cohort
<p>Barres et al 2023 Supplementary material-vf.pdf: supplementary material file for the related article</p>
CDIPS Light Curves from the paper "Confirming the Tidal Tails of the Young Open Cluster Blanco 1 with TESS Rotation Periods"
<p>This dataset contains the CDIPS light curves used in the paper "Confirming the Tidal Tails of the Young Open Cluster Blanco 1 with TESS Rotation Periods". The abstract of the original paper is as follows.</p> <p>Blanco 1 is an ≈ 130 Myr open cluster located 240 pc from the Sun below the Galactic plane. Recent studies have reported the existence of diffuse tidal tails extending 50–60 pc from the cluster center, based on the positions and velocities measured by Gaia. To independently assess the reality and extent of this structure, we used light curves generated from TESS full-frame images to search for photometric rotation periods of stars in and around Blanco 1. We detected rotation periods down to a stellar effective temperature of ≈ 3100 K in 347 of the 603 cluster member candidates for which we have light curves. For cluster members in the core and candidate members in the tidal tails, both within a temperature range of 4400 to 6200 K, 74% and 72% of the rotation periods are consistent with the single-star gyrochronological sequence, respectively. In contrast, a comparison sample of field stars yielded gyrochrone-consistent rotation periods for only 8.5% of stars. The tidal tail candidates' overall conformance to the core members' gyrochrone sequence implies that their contamination ratio is consistent with zero and < 0.33 at the 2σ level. This result confirms the existence of Blanco 1 tidal tails and doubles the number of Blanco 1 members for which there are both spatio-kinematic and rotation-based cluster membership verification. Extending the strategy of using TESS light curves for gyrochronology to other nearby young open clusters and stellar associations may provide a viable strategy for mapping out their dissolution and broadening the search for young exoplanets.</p>
Financial Literacy among Young College Students: Advancements and Future Directions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Resources for "BMF CP20: Cultural-historical knowledge, social skills, and school events for the young generation in the globalization era"
<p>The current study has two objectives:<br><br></p> <ol> <li>Examine whether discussions with parents about cultural-historical knowledge and social skills and participation in multicultural school events improve children’s and youth’s tolerance toward different viewpoints;</li> <li>Examine whether discussions with parents about cultural-historical knowledge and social skills and participation in multicultural school events improve children’s and youth’s general inclusiveness.</li> </ol>
Data on Trait diversity and spider community composition are associated with lower herbivory in young forest plantations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Raw PKPD data for "Identifying an optimal dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine dosing regimen for malaria prevention in young Ugandan children"
<p>Raw pharmacokinetic and malaria outcomes data for manuscript "Identifying an optimal dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine dosing regimen for malaria prevention in young Ugandan children"</p>
Data and code from: Healthy young adults use distinct gait strategies to enhance stability when walking on mild slopes and when altering arm swing
<p>This repository contains the Julia code, Jupyter notebook, and data used in the study “Healthy young adults use distinct gait strategies to enhance stability when walking on mild slopes and when altering arm swing” by MacDonald et al.</p> <p><strong>Instructions</strong></p> <p>To run this analysis on your computer, both Julia and Jupyter Notebook must be installed. A version of Julia appropriate for your OS can be downloaded from the <a href="https://julialang.org/downloads/">Julia website</a>, and Jupyter can be installed from within Julia (in the REPL) with</p> <pre><code>] add IJulia</code></pre> <p>Alternate instructions for installing Jupyter can be found on the <a href="https://github.com/JuliaLang/IJulia.jl">IJulia github</a> or the <a href="https://jupyter.org/install">Jupyter homepage</a> (not recommended).</p> <p>From within the main repository directory, start Julia and then start Jupyter in the Julia REPL</p> <pre><code>using IJulia notebook(;dir=pwd())</code></pre> <p>or if using a system Jupyter installation, start Jupyter from your favorite available shell (e.g. Powershell on Windows, bash on any *nix variant, etc.). In Jupyter, open the <code>notebooks/analysis.ipynb</code> notebook. Running all cells will reproduce the results for this paper.</p> <p><strong>Description of data</strong></p> <p>The <code>data</code> directory contains all the data used in the production of the results which were statistically tested.</p> <p>Each <code>.mat</code> file contains events and data generated in Visual3D:</p> <ul> <li>Events <ul> <li><code>LTO</code>/<code>RTO</code> (Left/right toe-off)</li> <li><code>LHS</code>/<code>RHS</code> (Left/right heel-strike)</li> <li><code>HIST</code>/<code>HIEN</code> (Hilly start/end)</li> <li><code>ROST</code>/<code>ROEN</code> (Rocky start/end)</li> <li><code>MLST</code>/<code>MLEN</code> (ML translation start/end)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Data <ul> <li><code>LFootPos</code>/<code>RFootPos</code> (Left/right foot COM position)</li> <li><code>TrunkPos/TrunkVel</code>/<code>TrunkAcc</code> (Trunk COM position, velocity, and acceleration)</li> <li><code>HeadPos/HeadVel</code>/<code>HeadAcc</code> (Head COM position, velocity, and acceleration)</li> <li><code>COG</code> (Whole-body COM/COG)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>.csv</code> files contain system state of the CAREN system produced by D-Flow software, which includes various system and software settings, most pertinent of which is the treadmill speed.</p> <p>The <code>.c3d</code> files contain the raw motion capture data from Vicon Nexus.</p> <ul> </ul> <p>The results of the <code>notebooks/analysis.ipynb</code> notebook are found in the <code>results</code> folder. Please see the paper for a list of the dependent variables and statistical analyses.</p>
Adaptation to high-frequency vibrotactile stimulations fails to affect the clock in young children
<p>Dataset for Adaptation to high-frequency vibrotactile stimulations fails to affect the clock in young children.</p>
The role and mechanism of TLR4-siRNA in the impairment of learning and memory in young mice induced by isofurane
<p>This package contains six files:</p> <p>Supplementary Table 1. Morris water maze test results of each group;</p> <p>Supplementary Table 2. TLR4, TNF-ɑ and IL-6 expressions in the hippocampus of each group detected with qPCR and WB;</p> <p>Supplementary Table 3. Serum TNF-ɑ and IL-6 levels of mice in each group detected with ELISA;</p> <p>Supplementary Table 4. Apoptosis rate detected with TUNEL staining;</p> <p>Supplementary Table 5. BDNF and CREB1 mRNA expressions detected with qPCR;</p> <p>Supplementary Table 6. BDNF, CREB1, ERK1/2 and JNK protein expressions detected with WB.</p>
MODYS-video: 2D Human pose estimation data and Dyskinesia Impairment Scale scores from children and young adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy
<p>The dataset contains the 2D coordinates in pixels of body landmarks (wrists, ankles, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles) extracted from 188 videos of 34 children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy using DeepLabCut [1] and appertaining clinical scores of the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS) [2].</p> <p>The videos were collected during the item “lying in rest” and “sitting in rest” of the DIS at three time points during a clinical trial on the effect of intrathecal baclofen [3]. Children had a mean age of 14y2m (SD 4.0), 26 were male. Their gross motor function classification system level ranged from IV-V and their manual ability classification system level from III-V. Original videos have length of 4-35 seconds with a resolution of 720x575 pixels and are sampled with 25 Hz. We added stick figures to complement the data for context and ease of understanding. They were created from the 2D coordinates that were extracted with a likelihood >0.8.</p> <p>Clinical scoring was performed by three trained experts (according to the DIS) on the original videos. Within the items “lying in rest” and “sitting in rest” the amplitude and duration of dystonia and choreoathetosis of the trunk, proximal right arm, proximal left arm, proximal right leg and proximal left leg are scored on a 0-4 ordinal scale and calculated towards a percentage score between 0-1.</p> <p>The dataset can be used in a machine learning approach to automatically assess dystonia and choreoathetosis of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy using 2D coordinates of body points extracted from videos.</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>1. Mathis, A., et al., DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning. Nat Neurosci, 2018. 21(9): p. 1281-1289.</p> <p>2. Monbaliu, E., et al., The dyskinesia Impairment Scale: a new instrument to measure dystonia and choreoathetosis in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2012. 54: p. 278-283.</p> <p>3. Bonouvrie, L.A., et al., The Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy: The IDYS Trial. Ann Neurol, 2019. 86: p. 79-90.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 2. Three brooding Brettus cingulatus females. 1, Female guarding recently deposited eggs. 2 in Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young?
Figure 2. Three brooding Brettus cingulatus females. 1, Female guarding recently deposited eggs. 2, Female with first instar young, still with little pigmentation of the opisthosoma. Note that almost all covering silk, white flecks, and eggshell fragments were absent at this stage. 3, Later first instar young with full pigmentation of the prosoma and opisthosoma, as well as pigmentation of each femur I. The female (not shown) was still guarding the brood at this stage. Photographs by Arundathi Sambayya taken at Bhimanakone, Sangara taluk, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India.
Figure 1. Brooding female Brettus cingulatus Thorell 1895. 1 in Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young?
Figure 1. Brooding female Brettus cingulatus Thorell 1895. 1, Guarding recently deposited cluster of eggs covered with silk fibers and white flecks. 2, Ten days later, guarding hatchlings (first instar). Larger white flecks represent eggshell fragments. 3, Three days later. Almost all silk, white flecks, and eggshell fragments are gone, and except for their legs, the first instar young are now pigmented. Photographs by Abhijith A. P. C. at his Indraprastha Organic Farm, Kalalwadi Village, Karnataka, India. For comparison see Abhijith & Hill (2019) for photographs of the emergent second instar young.
Data from "Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A Panchromatic View of DO Tau's Complex Kilo-au Environment'
<p>Reduced data from Huang et al., 2022, "Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A Panchromatic View of DO Tau's Complex Kilo-astronomical-unit Environment,' ApJ, 930, 171 (arXiv:2204.01758). </p> <p>See Table 1 of the article for the corresponding observing program codes and attributions for archival data (if applicable). </p> <p><strong>Images:</strong></p> <p>DOTau_12CO_automask.image.pbcor.fits: 12CO J=2-1 image cube<br> DOTau_12CO_automask.mom1.fits: 12CO J=2-1 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_12CO_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: 12CO J=2-1 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_13CO_automask.image.pbcor.fits: 13CO J=2-1 image cube<br> DOTau_13CO_automask.mom1.fits: 13CO J=2-1 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_13CO_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: 13CO J=2-1 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_C18O_automask.image.pbcor.fits: C18O J=2-1 image cube<br> DOTau_C18O_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: C18O J=2-1 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_C18O_automask.pbcor.mom1.fits: C18O J=2-1 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_cADI_average.fits: SPHERE H-band cADI image (pixel scale: 0.01225 arcseconds)<br> DOTau_CS_automask.image.pbcor.fits: DO Tau CS J=5-4 image cube<br> DOTau_CS_automask.mom1.fits: DO Tau CS J=5-4 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_CS_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: DO Tau CS J=5-4 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_DoLP.fits: DO Tau degree of linear polarization map (pixel scale: .0245 arcseconds)<br> DOTau_IDF-RDI.fits: SPHERE total intensity image produced with IDF-RDI (pixel scale: 0.01225 arcseconds)<br> DO-TAU_NICMOS_F110W_MRDILib-18_KL-2_Pixel.fits: HST NICMOS F110W image (pixel scale: 0.075 arcseconds)<br> DO-TAU_NICMOS_F160W_MRDILib-100_KL-1_Pixel.fits: HST NICMOS F160W image (pixel scale: 0.075 arcseconds)<br> DOTau_Qphi_average.fits: SPHERE H-band Qphi image (pixel scale: 0.01225 arcseconds)<br> DO_Tau_STIS_KlipWithin160pixel_counts_s_pixel.fits: HST STIS image (pixel scale: 0.0507 arcseconds)</p> <p><strong>Measurement sets:</strong></p> <p>DOTau_12CO.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted 12CO J=2-1 visibilities<br> DOTau_13CO.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted 13CO J=2-1 visibilities<br> DOTau_C18O.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted C18O J=2-1 visibilities<br> DOTau_CS.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted CS J=5-4 visibilities</p> <p><strong>Scripts:</strong></p> <p>DOTau_1.1mmreduction.py: CASA self-cal and imaging script for CS data <br> DOTau_1.3mmreduction.py: CASA self-cal and imaging script for CO data </p>
Integrating REBT and ACT : An intervention study for managing academic self-handicapping behaviour among young adults
<p>The data consists of pre and post interventions scores of 25 participants who were selected based on their ratings on Academic self -handicapping scale (Geetika & Gupta, 2020) . Thirteen participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group which was exposed to 8 hours of intervention that combined REBT and ACT. Twelve participants were randomly assigned to the control group and did not receive any intervention. The pre-intervention scores on Academic self -handicapping scale (Geetika & Gupta, 2020) were assessed at the beginning of the intervention and at two weeks since the beginning of the intervention. Sub scale scores on Behavioural and Claimed self -handicapping were recorded and overall score by adding the two were also obtained. </p>
Dementia knowledge and misconceptions: a cross-sectional study in Swiss and Italian young adults, adults, and older adults
<p>The dataset was generated during a cross sectional survey conducted in September-December 2019 aimed at quantifying dementia knowledge in the general population. Data come from a sample of 1500 young adults, adults, and older adults living in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. We registered socio-demographic characteristics including whether the participant had contact with a person living with dementia, and measured dementia knowledge with the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Survey (DKAS). </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.