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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Supplementary Files for "Evaluation of Particle Tracking Codes for Dispersing Particles in Porous Media"
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Data analysis file for the manuscript "Assessing the speed of individual bacteria dispersing on mycelial networks"
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BLOW-UP OF SMOOTH SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM FOR A GENERALIZED DISPERSIVE EQUATION
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Yellow fever outbreak temporarily changes dispersal patterns in an endangered primate
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Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments
<p>The data includes video recordings in MP4 format.</p>
Lifespan, clonality and polyploidy regulate the global environmental niches of plants via seed dispersal in space and time
<p>Global environmental niches have been considered in relation to the effectiveness of environmental management. Functional traits can explain the environmental niches of plant species at different spatial scales, from community to globe. However, the roles of seed dispersal in space and time in plant environmental niche and tolerance are not clear. Furthermore, knowledge of the regulation of plants' global environmental niches by lifespan, clonality and polyploidy remains limited. In response, the main objective of the research reported here was to explore how these factors regulate the global environmental niches of plants via seed dispersal in space and time. We obtained data on plant species' seed mass, seed dispersal ability, dormancy, lifespan, clonality and polyploidy from a variety of databases and quantified global environmental niche and tolerance based on the niche axes of climate, soil and elevation. Subsequently, we used phylogenetic generalized least square linear regression and structural equation models to assess the relationships of seed traits (i.e. seed mass, seed dispersal distance and dormancy), lifespan, clonality and polyploidy with environmental niches. We found significant relationships between seed mass, seed dispersal distance, dormancy, lifespan, clonality and polyploidy on the one hand and environmental niche and tolerance on the other, based on the axes of climate, soil and elevation. Compared with lifespan, ploidy and clonality, seed traits explained more variations in environmental niches and tolerance for plants. Importantly, we built pathways indicating that lifespan, clonality and polyploidy regulate the global environmental niche and tolerance of plants via seed mass and/or seed dispersal in space and time. Our study clearly highlights the mechanisms underlying environmental niches from different perspectives, including seed temporal-spatial dispersal, lifespan, clonality and polyploidy. Environmental niche theory may broadly support global-change-adaptation management for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem maintenance using the perspective of spatial and temporal patterns in ecology.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Verdasca MJ, Rebelo H, Carvalheiro LG, Rebelo R (2021) Invasive hornets on the road: motorway-driven dispersal must be considered in management plans of Vespa velutina. NeoBiota 69: 177-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.71352
Supporting information
Supplementary material 2 from: Verdasca MJ, Rebelo H, Carvalheiro LG, Rebelo R (2021) Invasive hornets on the road: motorway-driven dispersal must be considered in management plans of Vespa velutina. NeoBiota 69: 177-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.71352
Appendix A
Figs 5–7. 5 in Dispersal History Of An Invasive Rodent In Hungary - Subfossil Finds Of Rattus Rattus
Figs 5–7. 5 = Lingual side of mandible of the black rat from the site of Budapest, District III, 139 Szentendrei Road. Aquincum (Roman Period); 6 = Mandibles of black rats from the site of Remetehegy rockshelter (Medieval Period); 7 = Skull (ventral view) of a black rat from excavations
Fig. 2 in Dispersal History Of An Invasive Rodent In Hungary - Subfossil Finds Of Rattus Rattus
Fig. 2. Archaeological black rat remains from the Roman Period in Europe (after AUDOIN-ROUZEAU & VIGNE 1994) complemented with Hungarian finds (shaded areas: expanse of the Roman Empire). 1: Arras–Beaudimont, France; 2: Bad Kreuznach, Germany; 3: Baron Buisson-Saint-Cyr, France; 4: Beddingham, Britain; 5: Les Ilettes–Annecy-le-Vieux, France; 6: Ladenburg, Germany; 7: Londres– Crosswall, Britain; 8: Londress–Frenchurch, Britain; 9: Taula Torralba d'en Salort–Menorca, Spain; 10: Ordona, Italy; 11: Pforzheim, Germany; 12: Pompei, Italy; 13: Portout, France; 14: Sette Finestre – Grosetto, Italy; 15: Thésée et Pouillé, France; 16: Waltersdorf, Germany; 17: Wroxeter, Britain; 18: York–Skeldergate, Britain; 19: Monte di Tuda–Crosica, France; 20: Senlis, France; 21: Sierentz– Landstrasse, France; 22: Budapest, District III., Szentendrei Road 139., Aquincum, Hungary; 23: Bu-
Data on the effectiveness dispersal of synzoochorous dispersers
<p><span>Mutualism effectiveness, the contribution of an interacting organism to its partner's fitness, is defined as the number of immediate outcomes of the interactions (Quantity component) multiplied by the probability that an immediate outcome results in a new individual (Quality component). These components form a two-dimensional effectiveness landscape with each species' location determined by its values of quantity (x-axis) and quality (y-axis). </span>The current dataset includes information on the effectiveness of synzoochorous seed dispersal across the world. This might allow any user to make their own landscapes for the entire set of species or for specific subset of species.</p>
Data from: Occasional long-distance dispersal may not prevent inbreeding in a threatened butterfly
<p><strong>Background:</strong> To set up successful conservation measures, detailed knowledge on the dispersal and colonization capacities of the focal species and connectivity between populations is of high relevance. We developed species-specific nuclear microsatellite molecular markers for the grayling (<i>Hipparchia semele</i>), a butterfly endemic to Europe and of growing conservation concern in North-West Europe, and report on its population genetics, in a fragmented, anthropogenic landscape in Belgium. Our study included samples from 23 different locations nested in two regions and additional historical samples from two locations. We assessed contemporary<span>, </span><span><span>long-distance</span></span><span> disper</span>sal based on genetic assignment tests and investigated the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on the population genetic structure and genetic variation using data of nine microsatellite loci.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Detected dispersal events covered remarkably long distances, which were up to ten times larger than previously reported colonisation distances, with the longest movement recorded in this study even exceeding 100 km. However, observed frequencies of<span> </span><span><span>long-distance</span></span><span> </span>dispersal were low. Our results point to the consequences of the strong population decline of the last decades, with evidence of inbreeding in 72% of the recently sampled populations and low estimates of effective population sizes (<i>Ne</i>) (ranging from 20 to 54 individuals).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study shows low frequencies of<span> </span><span><span>long-distance</span></span><span> dispersal, which is unable to prevent inbreeding </span><span><span>in most of the local populations.</span></span><span> We discuss the significance for species conservation including future translocation events and </span><span><span>discuss</span></span><span> appropriate conservation strategies to maintain viable </span><span><span>grayling</span></span><span> (meta)p</span>opulations in highly fragmented, anthropogenic landscapes.</p>
Seed dispersal by carnivores in temperate and tropical dry forests
<p>The seed dispersal mechanisms and regeneration of various forest ecosystems can benefit from the actions of carnivores via endozoochory. This study aims to evaluate the role of carnivores in endozoochory and diploendozoochory, as well as their effect on seed viability, scarification, and germination in two forest ecosystems: temperate and tropical dry forest. We collected carnivore scat in the Protected Natural Area of Sierra Fría in Aguascalientes, Mexico, for two years to determine the abundance and richness of seeds dispersed by each carnivore species, through scat analysis. We assessed seed viability through optical densitometry using X-rays, analyzed seed scarification by measuring seed coat thickness using a scanning electron microscope, and evaluated seed germination in an experiment as the percentage of seeds germinated per carnivore disperser, plant species, and forest type. In the temperate forest, four plant species (but mainly <i>Arctostaphylos pungens</i>) were dispersed by four mammal species. The gray fox dispersed the highest average number of seeds per scat (66.8 seeds). Bobcat dispersed seeds through diploendozoochory, which was inferred from rabbit (<i>Sylvilagus floridanus</i>) hair detected in their scats. The tropical dry forest presented higher abundance of seeds and richness of dispersed plant species (four species) than in the temperate forest, and the coati dispersed the highest number of seeds (8639 seeds). Endozoochory and diploendozoochory did not affect viability in thick testas seeds in temperate forest and thin testas seeds in tropical dry forest. Endozoochory improved the selective germination of seeds. Nine plant species were dispersed by endozoochory, but only one species (<i>Juniperus sp</i>.) by diploendozoochory. These results suggest that carnivores can perform an important ecological function by dispersing a great abundance of seeds, scarifying these seeds causing the formation of holes and cracks in the testas without affecting viability and promoting the selective germination of seeds.</p>
A rare 300 kilometer dispersal by an adult male white-tailed deer
<p>Despite the key roles that dispersal plays in individual animal fitness and meta-population gene flow, it remains one of the least understood behaviors in many species. In large mammalian herbivores, dispersals might span long distances and thereby influence landscape-level ecological processes, such as infectious disease spread. Here we describe and analyze an exceptional long-distance dispersal by an adult white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) in the central United States. We also conducted a literature survey to compare the dispersal to previous studies. This dispersal was remarkable for its length, duration, and the life history stage of the dispersing individual. Dispersal is typical of juvenile deer seeking to establish post-natal home ranges, but this dispersal was undertaken by an adult male (age = 3.5). This individual dispersed ~300 km over a 22-day period by moving, on average, 13.6 km/day and achieving a straight-line distance of ~215 km, which was ~174 km longer than any other distance recorded for an adult male deer in our literature survey. During the dispersal, which occurred during the hunting season, the individual crossed a major river seven times, an interstate highway, a railroad, and eight state highways. Movements during the dispersal were faster (mean = 568.1 m/h) and more directional than those during stationary home range periods before and after the dispersal (mean = 56.9 m/h). Likewise, movements during the dispersal were faster (mean = 847.8 m/h) and more directional at night than during the day (mean =166.4 m/h), when the individual frequently sheltered in forest cover. This natural history event highlights the unpredictable nature of dispersal and has important implications for landscape-level processes such as chronic wasting disease transmission in cervids. More broadly, our study underscores how integrating natural history observations with modern technology holds promise for understanding potentially high impact but rarely recorded ecological events.</p>
Optimizing the selection of drug-polymer-water formulations for spray-dried solid dispersions in pharmaceutical manufacturing
<p>The files contain 2 MINLP formulations and supplementary material discussed in this publication. The MINLP problems are implemented and solved in GAMS version 36.2.0, using SBB and SCIP, a local and global MINLP solver, respectively.</p>
Source code and data from informed dispersal model on range expansion
<p>In those files, you can find the source code to run the model and the R codes to process the data and create the figures</p>
Data from: High spatiotemporal overlap in the non-breeding season despite geographically dispersed breeding locations in the eastern whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus)
<p>The eastern whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus) is a Neotropical migrant that has declined by 70% in recent decades, yet when and where populations are limited throughout the annual cycle is poorly understood. We deployed 115 archival GPS tags across a 9.5-degree latitudinal span (~1000 km; midwestern US) on whip-poor-wills in the summers of 2017 and 2019, and extracted data from 52 tags. The associated .csv file exhibits the raw movement data extracted from the archival GPS tags, where each row represents a GPS fix location for a given bird. The columns present are largely those generated by Lotek, although researchers created a few columns to aid in identification of birds and downstream data analysis. Of particular note is the "season" column, where we quantified the likely behavior (e.g., fall migration) of the individual at the given time and location. These points essentially represent the migratory tracks from both fall and spring (when available), including both the breeding and wintering grounds location. We found that whip-poor-wills circumvented the Gulf of Mexico, and populations across a large latitudinal gradient came together in eastern Texas in early October, resulting in decreased connectivity throughout migration. Breeding-winter migratory connectivity was low (MC = 0.22 ± 0.12), with extensive overlap of core wintering areas in southern Mexico and Guatemala. See methods in manuscript for more info.</p>
Avian seed dispersal may be insufficient for plants to track future temperature change on tropical mountains - data
<span><b>Abstract</b></span> <p><strong>Aim</strong>: Climate change causes species' range shifts globally. Terrestrial plant species often lag behind temperature shifts, and it is unclear to what extent animal-dispersed plants can track climate change. Here, we estimate the ability of bird-dispersed plant species to track future temperature change on a tropical mountain.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Tropical elevational gradient (500–3500 m a.s.l.) in the Manú biosphere reserve, Peru</p> <p><b>Time period: </b>1960–1990 to 2061–2080</p> <p><b>Taxa: </b>Fleshy-fruited plants, avian frugivores</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>Using simulations based on the functional traits of avian frugivores and fruiting plants, we quantified the number of long-distance dispersal (LDD) events that woody plant species would require to track projected temperature shifts on a tropical mountain by the year 2070 under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). We applied this approach to 343 bird-dispersed woody plant species.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Our simulations reveal that bird-dispersed plants differ in their climate-tracking ability, with large-fruited and canopy plants exhibiting a higher climate-tracking ability. Our simulations also suggest that even under scenarios of strong and intermediate mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 2.6 and 4.5), sufficient upslope dispersal would require several LDD events by 2070, which is unlikely for the majority of woody plant species. Furthermore, the ability of plant species to track future temperature changes increased in simulations with a low degree of trait matching between plants and birds, suggesting that plants in generalised seed-dispersal systems may be more resilient to climate change.</p> <p><b>Main conclusion:</b> Our study illustrates how plant and animal functional traits can inform predictive models of species dispersal and range shifts under climate change and suggests that the biodiversity of tropical mountain ecosystems is highly vulnerable to future warming. The increasing availability of functional trait data for plants and animals globally will allow parameterisation of similar models for many other seed-dispersal systems.</p>
Figure 5 from: Kalaycı G (2022) Pliocene-Pleistocene dispersal bring along low inter species diversity between Vimba species based on multilocus analysis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(1): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76937
Figure 5 Divergence timescale for the Vimba species inferred under Bayesian strict clock method from two concatenated mitochondrial genes (cyt b and COI) (1675 bp) sequences. Numbers in front of the node represent divergence times in million years (Ma) and their HPD 95% credibility intervals.
Figure 4 from: Kalaycı G (2022) Pliocene-Pleistocene dispersal bring along low inter species diversity between Vimba species based on multilocus analysis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(1): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76937
Figure 4 Maximum likelihood tree based on the two concatenated mitochondrial genes (cyt b and COI) (1675 bp) sequences of Vimba species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses resulted in congruent trees. Bootstrap and posterior probability values are shown above nodes on a tree if 50% or higher.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.