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FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogeny of Nectria species associated with dieback and canker diseases in China, with a new species described

FIGURE 5. Asexual morph of Nectria dematiosa from Rosa xanthina (BJFC-S441). A: Host branch. B–C: Astipitate sporodochium on natural substrata. D–E: Median section of astipitate sporodochium. F–G: Conidia. H–J: Conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars: B–C = 1 mm; D–E = 500 μm; F–J = 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Vamsapriya yunnana, a new species of Vamsapriya (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) associated with bamboo from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 2. Vamsapriya yunnana (HKAS 101752, holotype!). a–c. Synnemata on bamboo surface. d. Synnema. e. Apex of synnema. f–i. Conidiogenous cells with attached conidia. j. Germinating conidium. k, l, n–q. Conidia. m. Culture characteristics on PDA after two weeks (frontage and back). Scale bars: d = 200 μm; e = 50 μm; q = 20 μm; j, o, p = 15 μm; f–i, k, l, n = 10 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Vamsapriya yunnana, a new species of Vamsapriya (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) associated with bamboo from Yunnan, China

FIGURE 1. RAxML tree based on a combined ITS, LSU and RPB2 sequence dataset. The tree is rooted to Cainia anthoxanthis (MFLUCC 15–0539) and C. graminis (MFLUCC 15–0540). Bootstrap support values for ML (left) equal to or greater than 70% and the values of the BYPP) (right), equal to or higher than 0.95 are indicated above the nodes. Ex-type strains are in bold and the newly generated sequence is indicated in red bold.

FIGURE 2 in Terfezia lusitanica, a new mycorrhizal species associated to Tuberaria guttata (Cistaceae)

FIGURE 2. Macro and micro features of Terfezia lusitanica: (a) ascocarp collected under Tuberaria guttata, (b) mature ascocarps with T. guttata flower, (c) whitish gleba of an inmature ascocarp, (d) pseudoparenchymatous peridium, (e, f) ascospores. Bars: d) 20 μm; e) 13 μm; f) 7.5 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Terfezia lusitanica, a new mycorrhizal species associated to Tuberaria guttata (Cistaceae)

FIGURE 1. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) consensus phylogenetic tree of the ITS sequences. The first values on the branches are the NJ bootstrap proportions (≥50%) and the values after the slash represent the MP bootstrap proportions (≥50%) of 500 bootstrapping replicates.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in Myxomycetes associated with canopy organic matter in temperate rainforests of southern New Zealand

FIGURE 1. Canopy soil, indicated by the arrow. Fig. 2. The myxomycete Barbeyella minutissima from a temperate rainforest in southern New Zealand. Scale bar = 50 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Strobilomyces minor (Boletaceae), a new species associated with fagaceous plants in Central China

FIGURE 4. SEM of basidiospores of Strobilomyces minor from dried specimen (HKAS 101909, holotype). Photos by Jian-Wei Liu.

FIGURE 3 in Strobilomyces minor (Boletaceae), a new species associated with fagaceous plants in Central China

FIGURE 3. Microscopic characters of Strobilomyces minor (HKAS 101909, holotype). a. Basidia and pleurocystidium; b. Cheilocystidia; c. Pileipellis. Bars = 10 μm. Drawings by Li-Hong Han.

FIGURE 1 in Strobilomyces minor (Boletaceae), a new species associated with fagaceous plants in Central China

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Strobilomyces generated from the combined dataset (rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and cox3). Bootstrap values>50% for ML and PP>0.95 for BI are shown along the branches. The new species is shown in bold face.

FIGURE 2 in Strobilomyces minor (Boletaceae), a new species associated with fagaceous plants in Central China

FIGURE 2. Basidiomes of Strobilomyces minor. a. Basidiomes (HKAS 101909, holotype). b. Grayish black to light rusty red color change when cut (image taken immediately after sectioning) (HKAS 101909, holotype). Bars = 1 cm. Photos by Li-Hong Han.

opennotspecifiedDec 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in An account of the liverwort genus Porella in Thailand with a new record, P. obtusata var. macroloba and the occurrence of asymmetrical underleaves associated with left-right symmetry in the genus

FIGURE 1. Porella obtusata (Taylor) Trevis var. macroloba (Steph.) S.Hatt. & M.X.Zhang. A. Portion of shoot, dorsal view. B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. C. Leaf lobes, ventral view. D. Leaf lobes and leaf lobules, dorsal view. E. Leaf lobes and leaf lobules, ventral view. F. Underleaves on right-hand branches, showing asymmetrical auriculate base. G. Underleaves on left-hand branches, showing asymmetrical auriculate base. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. [All from Sukkharak 91/1186 (Hb. Burapha Univ.)].

opennotspecifiedMar 2018View details →

FIGURE 2 in Marinophialophora garethjonesii gen. et sp. nov.: a new hyphomycete associated with Halocyphina from marine habitats in Thailand

FIGURE 2 Marinophialophora garethjonesii (KUMCC 16-0066, from ex-type culture). a. Sporulating culture on PDA. b–c. Hyphae with conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. d–e. Conidiogenous cells producing conidia. f–m. Conidia. Scale bars: a = 100 μm, c = 10 μm, h–j = 5 μm, b, d–g, m = 2 μm, k–l = 1 μm.

opennotspecifiedMar 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in Marinophialophora garethjonesii gen. et sp. nov.: a new hyphomycete associated with Halocyphina from marine habitats in Thailand

FIGURE 1 Marinophialophora garethjonesii (MFLU 16-2821, holotype). a. Appearance of mycelium growing on Halocyphina on mangrove wood. b Hyphae on Halocyphina. c–d. Conidiophores bearing conidia. e–i. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia in chain. j, n–o. Conidia. p. Culture characteristic on PDA. Scale bars: p = 1 cm, a = 200 μm, b–d, i = 10 μm, e–h, j–m = 5 μm, n–o = 2 μm.

opennotspecifiedMar 2018View details →

FIGURE 3 in Marinophialophora garethjonesii gen. et sp. nov.: a new hyphomycete associated with Halocyphina from marine habitats in Thailand

FIGURE 3 Phylogenetic construction based on RAxML analysis of a combined ITS, LSU and SSU dataset. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML, black) equal to or greater than 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP, red) equal to or greater than 0.90 are shown above the nodes. The tree is rooted to Cyphellophra laciniata. The type strains are in black bold and the newly generated sequences are indicated in red bold.

Figure 6 in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 6. Associations between tarantulas and whip spiders, a harvestman and a snake. A. Sericopelma sp. sharing its retreat with an unidentified whip spider (marked with an arrow), La Chorrera, Panama. B. Megaphobema velvetosoma sharing its retreat with an unidentified whip spider (marked with an arrow), Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. C. Sericopelma sp. and Paraphrynus laevifrons, Santa María de Dota, San José Province, Costa Rica. D. Phormictopus cautus sharing its burrow with an unidentified whip spider, Vinales, Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. E. Sericopelma sp. sharing its retreat with an unidentified harvestman (marked with an arrow), Upala, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica. F. Brachypelma boehmei sharing its retreat with Sonora michoacanensis (marked with an arrow), Guerrero State, Mexico. Photo credits: John G. Phillips (A), Aidan Craner (B), Johnson Jou (C), José Garrido (D), Dan MacNeal (E), and Rick C. West (F).

Figure 8 in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 8. Tarantulas living in termitaria. A. Avicularia juruensis, nr. Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. B. Vitalius dubius, Dona Amélia Farm, Santo Antônio de Possee, São Paulo, Brazil. C. Nhandu coloratovillosus, São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará, Brazil. D. Nhandu coloratovillosus, Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil. E. Psalmopoeus cambridgei, Tamana Hill, Sangre Grande, Trinidad Island, West Indies. F. Brachionopus sp. with Trinervitermes sp., Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Photo credits: Alexey Yakovlev (A), Ivan Sazima (B), Fernando J.M. Rojas-Runjaic (C), Danté Fenolio (D), Sarah Crews (E), and Luke Goddard (F).

Figure 2. Associations between tarantulas and anurans. A in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 2. Associations between tarantulas and anurans. A. Aphonopelma cf. armada and Gastrophryne sp., Burleson, Texas, USA. B. Aphonopelma seemanni and Engystomops pustulosus, Tamarindo, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. C. Nhandu carapoensis and Chiasmocleis albopunctata, Balneario Pinamar, Paraguarí, Paraguay. D. Aphonopelma hentzi and Gastrophryne olivacea, Double Helix Ranch, Pontotoc, Texas, USA. E. Aphonopelma anax and Gastrophryne sp., Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, USA. F. Pamphobeteus sp., female with late instars, and Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata, Tambopata Reserve, Madre de Dios Region, Peru. B reproduced from Hooijer (2005), C reproduced from Bascoulés and Smith (2021). Photo credits: Kassy Myers (A), Alex Hooijer (B), Sébastien Bascoulès (C), David Hillis (D), John Edward (E), and Reginald Cocroft (F).

Figure 9 in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 9. Nesiergus insulanus living in drywood termite frass (Kalotermitidae) on Frégate Island, Seychelles. A. Decaying palm tree with a retreat (marked by an arrow). B. Same, detailed view of the retreat. C, E. Fallen decayed palm tree with retreats (marked by arrows). D, F. Same, detailed views of the retreats. A and F reproduced from Canning et al. (2014). Photo credits: Greg Canning.

Figure 12. Slit-like cuticular pores representing epidermal gland openings. A, B in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 12. Slit-like cuticular pores representing epidermal gland openings. A, B. Ephebopus cyanognathus West and Marshall, 2000, palpal femur, with urticating setae and one gland opening (marked with an arrow). C, D. Exuvia of juvenile Ephebopus cyanognathus, abdomen. E. Psalmopoeus sp., dorsal side of metatarsus. F. Liphistius sp., a slit sensillum (large) and several gland openings (small, one marked with an arrow). Photo credits: Rainer Foelix. Scale bars: 0.01 mm.

Figure 4 in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness

Figure 4. Associations between tarantulas and anurans, continued. A. Sericopelma sp. and Engystomops pustulosus, nr. La Soledad, Veraguas Province, Panama. B. Pterinochilus sp. and Sclerophrys sp., Mana Pools NP, Zimbabwe. C. Ceratogyrus darlingi and Sclerophrys sp., South Africa. D. Orphnaecus sp., juvenile (marked with an arrow, the adult female not in the frame), and Rhinella marina, Sison, Pangasinan, Philippines. E. Poecilotheria fasciata and Uperodon taprobanica, Eluwankulama, Puttalam, Sri Lanka. E reproduced from Karunarathna et al. (2012). Photo credits: Martin Hüsser (A), Delwin Eggers (B, C), Darrell Camacho (D), and Suranjan Karunarathna (E).