Find research datasets worth reusing

Figures 61–68 in Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera')

Figures 61–68. Gonapophyses of Hemipsocus chloroticus (61), Psocus sp. (62), Triplocania spinosa (63), Amphipsocus mangifera (64), Elipsocus abdominalis (65), Heterocaecilius fuscus (66), Mesopsocus unipunctatus (67) and Lachesilla sp. (68), ventral view. Abbreviations: dv = dorsal valve; ev = external valve; vv = ventral valve.

Figures 41–48 in Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera')

Figures 41–48. (41–43) male genitalia of Idatenopsocus orientalis (41) and Trichadenotecnum sexpunctatum (42), lateral view, and Heterocaecilius fuscus (43), posterior view; (44–48) phallosome of Hemipsocus chroloticus (44), Psocus sp. (45), Het. fuscus (46), Haplophallus sp. (47) and Peripsocus quercicola (48). Abbreviations: a = aedeagus; cl = clunium; ep = endophallus; hy = hypandrium; pp = paraproct; pr = paramere.

Figures 35–40 in Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera')

Figures 35–40. Fore– (left) and hindwing (right) of Pararchipsocus pacificus (35), Lichenomima muscosa (36), Philotarsus quercicola (37), Ectopsocus sp. (38), Triplocania spinosa (39) and Stenopsocus sp. (40). Abbreviations: ap = areola postica; ps = pterostigma.

Figures 28–34 in Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera')

Figures 28–34. (28–30) right first axillary sclerite of Paramphientomus sp. (28), Peripsocus quercicola (29) and Pseudocaecilius kagoshimensis (30); (31–32) mesothorax and forewing of Hemipsocus chloroticus (31) and Psococerastis nubila (32), dorsal view; (33–34) nodulus of Paramphientomum sp. (33) and Psococerastis nubila (34). Abbreviations: 2ax = second axillary sclerite; dmp = distal median plate; fw = forewing; pmp = proximal median plate.

Figures 15–27 in Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera')

Figures 15–27. (15–16) prothorax of Psococerastis nubila (15) and Ectopsocus sp. (16), lateral view; (17) thorax of P. nubila, lateral view; (18) metapleuron of Hemipsocus chloroticus, lateral view; (19–21) mesothoracic dorso-ventral flight muscle of Paramphientomum sp. (19), Stenopsocus sp. (20) and Parachipsocus pacificus (21); (22–23) mesothoracic precoxal bridge and trochantin of Psococerastis nubila (22) and S. sp. (23); (24–25) apex of hind tibia of S. sp. (24) and Psocus sp. (25); distal tarsomere and claws of Psocus sp. (26) and S. sp. (27). Abbreviations: aes = anepisternum; cx = coxa; em = epimeron; es = episternum; kes = katepisternum; pb = precoxal bridge; pes = preepisternum; tr = trochantin.

Figure 11 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis

Figure 11. Upchurch (1998) continued. A, 50% majority-rule consensus of 15 trees produced when all characters are left unordered. B, most parsimonious tree when only characters C75−C79 are left unordered. Dashed lines indicate nodes that collapse in a 50% majority-rule consensus of trees two steps longer than the most parsimonious tree.

Figure 8 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis

Figure 8. Minimum implied gap (MIG) predicted by the topologies of Wilson & Sereno (1998), left, and Upchurch (1998), right. Grey bars indicate missing lineages as implied by sister-taxon relationships. The dashed bar denotes an missing interval for Diplodocoidea that is implied by the late appearance of the controversial species Antarctosaurus wichmannianus (Huene, 1929), here regarded as a rebbachisaurid (see Table 13). Timescale based on Harland et al. (1990).

Figure 25. Tree number 90 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 25. Tree number 90 of 208 most parsimonious trees from ordered analysis. Synapomorphies for each numbered node indicated in Table 5.

Figure 1 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis

Figure 1. Silhouette skeletal reconstruction of Dicraeosaurus hansemanni in right lateral view. The reconstruction is based on a partial skeleton (HMN skeleton m), which includes a partially articulated vertebral series from the axis to the 18th caudal vertebra (including ribs and chevrons), a pelvis, and a hindlimb lacking the pes (Janensch, 1929b; Heinrich, 1999: fig. 19). Elongate, biconvex distal caudal centra were collected at sites s and dd, but the length of this series is unknown (McIntosh, 1990: 392). The presence of a 'whiplash' tail of 20 or more elongate, biconvex caudal centra is equivocal for Dicraeosaurus (Wilson et al., 1999: 594). A 'whiplash' of intermediate length has been reconstructed here. The forelimb was based on a second specimen (HMN skeleton o) preserving a scapula, coracoid, humerus, and ulna in association with caudal vertebrae, a pelvis, and a partial hindlimb (Heinrich, 1999: fig. 6). Missing elements of the manus and pes were based on those of Apatosaurus (Gilmore, 1936); missing cranial elements were based on Diplodocus (Wilson & Sereno, 1998: fig. 6A).

Figure 24. Majority-rule consensus trees. A in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 24. Majority-rule consensus trees. A, Majority-rule of 16 941 trees from unordered analysis. B, Majority-rule of 208 most parsimonious trees resulting from ordering one character, shell shape. Number in plain typeface indicates percentage of most parsimonious trees which support node. Number in italics (if present) indicates bootstrap support for each node. Number in boldface (if present) indicates Bremer index for each node.

Figure 5 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis

Figure 5. Tail specializations in sauropod dinosaurs. A, bony tail club of Shunosaurus; B, short, biconvex distal caudal vertebrae of a unnamed titanosaur from Argentina; C, 'whiplash' tail vertebrae of Diplodocus. A–C modified from Dong et al. (1989: fig. 1), Wilson et al. (1999: fig. 2), and Holland (1906: fig. 29), respectively. Scale bars = 10 cm.

Figure 20 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 20. Spines of Afrocardium exochum (ANSP 293709). A, radial section through central portion of a rib to illustrate shell microstructure. Direction of ventral margin to left, direction of umbo to right. B, SEM of detail of exterior of right valve. Note alternation of one wider rib covered with larger triangular spines with one narrower rib covered with smaller triangular spines. C, SEM of dorsal view of right valve. Again, note alternating rib width and spine strength. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; B, C = 0.2 mm.

Figure 22 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 22. Right valve of Freneixicardia verrucosa, A, AMNH 3094/2. Scanning electron stereomicrographs of cardinal area of hinge. ac shape 0, pc shape 0. B, NHM L7962, internal view. C, NHM L7962, posterior slope. Arrows indicate sets of heavily imbricated spines. D, NHM L7962. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B−D = 5 mm.

Figure 27 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 27. Hedecardium (Iheringicardium). A, ventral margin of right valve of H. (I) patagonicum (NHM PI TB4). White arrows indicate interspaces in which secondary radial threads are visible. Black arrows indicate primary radial threads on top of ribs. Scale bar = 10 mm. B, ventral margin of left valve of H. (I) philippii (NHM PI TB1). Arrow points to doubled rib. Scale in mm indicated on figure. C, external view of left valve of H. (I) ameghinoi (NHM L12549), hedeform shell shape. Arrows point to doubled ribs. Scale bar = 10 mm. D, closeup of ventral margin of same specimen as in C. Arrow points to

Figure 18. A−D in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 18. A−D, posterior views of paired valves. A, Cardium costatum (UMMZ 30845). B, Bucardium ringens (UMMZ 24727). C, Dinocardium robustum (UMMZ 265445). D, Planicardium virginianum (UNC 11856). E, Schedocardia hatchetigbeense (ANSP 8756), oblique posteror view of right valve. F, Schedocardia hatchetigbeense (ANSP 8756), anterior slope. Scale bars: A,C−E = 10 mm; B = 5 mm.

Figure 17 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 17. External views of ventral margins of right valves. Arrows point to notches on posterodorsal portion of spines. A, Vepricardium multispinosum (ANSP 54220). Scale bar = 5 mm. B, Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) aculeata (ANSP 54235). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 29 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 29. Right valve of Freneixicardia hausmanni. A, AMNH 977/1. Scanning electron stereomicrograph of cardinal area of hinge. B, NHM PI TB9, internal view. C, NHM PI TB9, oblique posterior view. D, NHM PI TB9, external view. Note alternating narrow and wide ribs on central part of shell (also see Fig. 10D). Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B−D = 5 mm.

Figure 15 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 15. Stereophotos of hinges of right valves. A, Afrocardium exochum (ANSP 293709): ac shape 0, pc shape 0. B, Hedecardium (Iheringicardium) ameghinoi (NHM L12529): ac shape 0, pc shape 0. C, Europicardium multicostatum (PI TB5): ac shape 2, pc shape 0. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B, C = 5 mm.

Figure 14 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 14. Hinges of right valves. A, Agnocardia spinosifrons (USGS 26439): ac shape 1, pc shape 0. B, Planicardium virginianum (USNM 2831): ac shape 7, pc shape 2. C, Hedecardium (Hedecardium) waitakiense (DSIRGS 10837): ac shape 0, pc shape 0. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C = 10 mm.

Figure 16 in Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions

Figure 16. Stereophotos of hinges of right valves. A, Nemocardium bechei (ANSP 252661): ac shape 0, pc shape 0. B, Schedocardia hatchetigbeense (ANSP 8756): ac shape 0, pc shape 0. C, Plagiocardium granulosum (ANSP 6268): ac shape 8, pc shape 3. D, Orthocardium porulosum (ANSP 6266): ac shape 0, pc shape 0. Scale bars: A, B, D = 10 mm; C= 2 mm.