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Fig. 10 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 10. Plot of rostral length (RL) versus age class for specimens of Heteromys oasicus from the Península de Paraguana´, Venezuela (A) and of H. anomalus from Latal, Venezuela (•). Rostral length was chosen to represent overall size here, because it correlated highly with growth in the group (Anderson, unpubl.) and was available for most specimens from Paraguana´. Age classes do not represent a continuous variable (such as age in days), but rather categories roughly corresponding to relative age (see text and Voss et al., 1990). Note the extremely small size of specimens of H. oasicus, with the adult in age class 5 smaller than individuals of age class 2 in the Latal sample of H. anomalus.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 9. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the canonical variates analysis (CVA) of geographic variation performed on specimens of Heteromys in age class 4 from the 13 geographic samples. Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among centroids of geographic samples explained). Specimens of H. oasicus are marked by solid triangles, and individuals of H. anomalus are denoted by circles (solid circles for the South American mainland and open circles for the island of Trinidad). The first canonical axis can be interpreted as a measure of size (table 3), with large specimens having positive scores.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 8. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA) of geographic variation performed on 174 specimens of Heteromys in age class 4 without regard to geographic sample. PC1geo represents a size factor and was here multiplied by —1 so that smaller specimens appear to the left and larger ones to the right (table 1). Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among specimens explained). Specimens of H. oasicus are marked by solid triangles, and individuals of H. anomalus are denoted by circles (solid circles for the South American mainland and open circles for the island of Trinidad). Note the strikingly small size of specimens of H. oasicus.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 7. Dorsal views of skulls of Heteromys anomalus from Tukuko (Zulia, Venezuela), Valera (Trujillo, Venezuela), and Caura (Trinidad) and of H. oasicus from the Península de Paraguaná (Falcón, Venezuela). All specimens are males in age class 4.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 4. Landscape at Cerro Santa Ana (localities 101 and 102; Estado Falcón), showing vertical stratification of vegetation types on its slopes. Upper: View of Cerro Santa Ana from the WNW. Note

Fig. 3 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 3. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the holotype of Heteromys oasicus (USNM 456325), a male in age class 4.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 6. Map of the Península de Paraguaná showing the location of major geographic features and collection localities of Heteromys oasicus (Δ; see appendix 1 for complete provenience and museum catalog numbers). Gray shading indicates regions above 200 m; the small area above ca. 550 m on Cerro Santa Ana that supports evergreen cloud forest is largely overprinted by the symbol for locality 102.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 5. Map of northwestern South America showing collection localities of Heteromys oasicus (Δ) and Heteromys anomalus (•) in Colombia and western Venezuela. Localities are numbered to correspond with information given in the Gazetteer (appendix 1). Heteromys anomalus continues its distribution to the east in northcentral and northeastern Venezuela, but H. oasicus is endemic to the Península de Paraguana´. One locality of H. australis is known from Venezuela (locality 99, overprinted here by locality 74 of H. anomalus), but that species is primarily distributed to the west in Panama, Colombia,

Fig. 2 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of a cranium of Heteromys, showing method of taking cranial measurements. Abbreviations and measurements are defined in the Materials and Methods.

Figs. 23–27. Anatomical organs. 23–26 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part V. Decorosa Opitz, a New Genus of Checkered Beetles from Hispaniola with Description of Its Four New Species

Figs. 23–27. Anatomical organs. 23–26. Decorosa iviei Opitz (23, metathoracic wing; 24, elytra, ventral view; 25, cluster of elytral punctations; 26, elytra, lateral view). 27. Madoniella dislocata (Say) elytra, lateral view.

Figs. 39–43. Anatomical organs and habitus. 39. Decorosa aladecoris Opitz elytra, ventral view. 40–41. D in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part V. Decorosa Opitz, a New Genus of Checkered Beetles from Hispaniola with Description of Its Four New Species

Figs. 39–43. Anatomical organs and habitus. 39. Decorosa aladecoris Opitz elytra, ventral view. 40–41. D. neiba Opitz (40, aedeagus; 41, habitus). 42. D. aladecoris, pronotum. 43. D. neiba, pronotum.

Figs. 33–38. Anatomical structures. 33 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part V. Decorosa Opitz, a New Genus of Checkered Beetles from Hispaniola with Description of Its Four New Species

Figs. 33–38. Anatomical structures. 33. forebody of Madoniella dislocata (Say). 34. Aedeagus of Decorosa aladecoris Opitz. 35–36. Madoniella dislocata (35, terminal labial palpomere; 36, terminal maxillary palpomere). 37–38. D. iviei Opitz (37, terminal maxillary palpomere; 38, terminal labial palpomere.

Figs. 28–32. Anatomical structures and body outlines. 28 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part V. Decorosa Opitz, a New Genus of Checkered Beetles from Hispaniola with Description of Its Four New Species

Figs. 28–32. Anatomical structures and body outlines. 28. Amboakis nova (Opitz) antenna. 29. Madoniella dislocata (Say) antenna. 30. A. nova body outline. 31. Decorosa iviei Opitz spicular fork. 32. M. dislocata body outline.

Figs. 12–22. Habiti and aedeagi. 12. Habitus, Decorosa limatula Opitz. 13–14. Habiti, D. iviei Opitz. 15– 18. Aedeagus, D in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part V. Decorosa Opitz, a New Genus of Checkered Beetles from Hispaniola with Description of Its Four New Species

Figs. 12–22. Habiti and aedeagi. 12. Habitus, Decorosa limatula Opitz. 13–14. Habiti, D. iviei Opitz. 15– 18. Aedeagus, D. limatula (15, tegmen, ventral view; 16, tegmen, lateral view; 17, phallus, dorsal view; 18, phallus, lateral view). 19–22. Aedeagus, D. iviei (19, tegmen, ventral view; 20, tegmen, lateral view; 21, phallus, dorsal view; 22, phallus, lateral view).

Figs. 2–11 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part V. Decorosa Opitz, a New Genus of Checkered Beetles from Hispaniola with Description of Its Four New Species

Figs. 2–11. Anatomical organs of Decorosa iviei Opitz. 2. Head (anterior view). 3. Head (posterior view). 4. Antenna. 5. Labrum. 6. Pronotum (ventral view). 7. Pronotum (dorsal view). 8. Labium. 9. Maxilla. 10. Mandible. 11. Metendosternite. Scale bars in all figures represent 1 millimeter.

Fig. 8. A in Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos

Fig. 8. A comparison of initial body size (SVLA) with monthly growth rates of Tylototriton podichthys at the study site, based on 17 recaptured individuals during the study. Growth rate and initial SVLA had a significant negative correlation (r2 =0.42; P<0.01).

Fig. 4 in Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos

Fig. 4. Temperature, rainfall, and number of captured newt during each sampling period from June 2012 to July 2013. The black bars represent the number of newts, the full bold line represents mean maximum temperature, the full line represents mean minimum temperature, and the dashed line represents rainfall.

Fig. 7 in Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos

Fig. 7. Means and standard deviations of total lengths of wild larvae of Tylototriton podichthys at the study site during July to December 2012.

Fig. 6 in Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos

Fig. 6. Life stages of Tylototriton podichthys at the study site. A, Eggs under grass in June; B, eggs on leaf litter in July, C, larvae at bottom of stream pool in October, D, eft emerging onto land, found under a log 30 cm from the stream water on 10 December 2012, E, dorsal view; and F, ventral view of an eft that has begun to resemble an adult newt.

Fig. 5. A in Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos

Fig. 5. A, Percentages of habitat types; and B, microhabitat types of Tylototriton podichthys at the study site during four sampling periods.