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Figure 1 in Phytotoxicity of plant extracts of Vismia japurensis cultivated in vivo and in vitro

Figure 1. Lactuca sativa seedling growth when in contact to different hexanic extracts. Significant results are followed by: ****p <0.0001.

Figure 2 in Anti-dermatophyte activity of the aqueous extracts of Thai medicinal plants

Figure 2. Bright-field microscopy images demonstrating the effect of plant extracts againstT. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum at MIC values.

Figure 2 in In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of some plant seeds against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases

Figure 2. MIC's of the effective plant seeds powder against S. aureus and K. pneumonia, ± standard error.

Figure 5 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Figure 5. Chemical structure of the isolated substance (5-pentadecyl resorcinol) by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.

Figure 4. HMBC 150 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Figure 4. HMBC 150 MHz (a) and HSQC 300 MHz (b) spectrum of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.

Figure 1 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Figure 1. Chromatographic fractionation of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.

Figure 1 in Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae) logs in the Atlantic Forest biome: first host plant for Thoracibidion lineatocolle (Col.: Cerambycidae) and a new host for Temnopis megacephala (Col.: Cerambycidae)

Figure 1. Temnopis megacephala (A) and Thoracibidion lineatocolle (B) (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) adults emerged from Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae) logs harvested in the Atlantic Forest biome.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

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A plant virus differentially alters DNA methylation in two cryptic species of a hemipteran vector

<p>This study investigated DNA methylation patterns in two cryptic species (B and Q) of the sweet potato whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius), following the acquisition of the tomato yellow curl virus, a single-stranded DNA virus. The methylation levels in genomic features such as promoters, gene bodies, and transposable elements in both cryptic species were described in this study. While overall trends were found to be similar, specific differences in methylation levels were observed. Virus-induced differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were associated with different genes in each cryptic species and were negatively correlated with differential gene expression. These DMRs were analyzed for changes in gene expression and alternative splicing, revealing clusters of hyper- and hypomethylated genes related to virus-vector interactions, immune functions, and detoxification processes. These methylation differences may help explain the distinct biological and physiological traits observed between the B and Q cryptic species.</p>

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

Fig. 2 - A in Report 2020 on plant biodiversity in Italy: native and alien vascular flora

Fig. 2 - A) Poa magellensis F.Conti & Bartolucci. Endemic to Italy, described in 2020. / Specie endemica italiana descritta nel 2020. (Photo: / Foto: Fabrizio Bartolucci). B) Gymnospermium scipetarum Paparisto & Qosja ex E.Mayer & Pulević subsp. eddae Rosati, Farris, Fascetti & Selvi. Endemic to Italy, described in 2018. / Sottospecie endemica italiana descritta nel 2018. (Photo: / Foto: Leonardo Rosati).

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Report 2020 on plant biodiversity in Italy: native and alien vascular flora

Fig. 1 - Hieracium tolstoii Fen. & Zahn. Endemic to Italy, recognized as extinct in 2019. / Specie endemica italiana dichiarata estinta nel 2019 (FI051948; Scan / Scansione: Erbario dell'Università di Firenze).

Fig. 9. A–G in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VI

Fig. 9. A–G, Siobla ferox: A, probably middle instar larva on Glechoma hederacea subsp. grandis, 27. VI. 2016; B, same larva, probably late instar, 12. VII. 2016; C, same larva, 16. VII. 2016; D, same larva, matured, 9. VIII. 2016; E. probably middle instar larva on Actinidia polygama, 14. VI. 2016; F. probably middle instar larvae on A. polygama, 19. VI. 2016; G. same larva, 15. VII. 2016. H–I, Siobla japonica: H, last instar larva, 5. VI. 2019; I, mature larva and cast skin above, 9. VI. 2019; J–M, Taxonus shinoharai: J, middle and late instar larvae on Agrimonia pilosa var. japonica, 29. IX. 2019; K, late instar, 29. IX. 2019; L, same larva, matured, 30. IX. 2019; M, male adult, just emerged, 26. X. 2019. All photographed by Ibuki.

Fig. 8. A–C in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VI

Fig. 8. A–C, Late instar larvae: A, Masaakia longivaginata, 21. V. 2019; B, Monophadnoides montanus, 18. VI. 2019; C, Strongylogaster moiwana, 30. V. 2017. All photographed by Ibuki.

Fig. 6. Female ovipositor. A–C in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VI

Fig. 6. Female ovipositor. A–C, Euura imperfecta: A–B, Hokkaido; C, Honshu. D–E, Euura itoi. A, D, Ovipositor; B–C, E, lancet. All photographed by Hara.

Fig. 5. A–P in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VI

Fig. 5. A–P, Euura imperfecta: A–H, female, Hokkaido; I–K, male, Hokkaido; L–P, female, Honshu. Q–AA, Euura itoi: Q–X, female; Y–AA, male. A, I, Q, Y, Posteromedial part of thorax, dorsal view; B, J, L, R, Z, tarsal claw, anterior or posterior view; C, S, anteromedial part of fore wing; D, T, apical part of abdomen, ventrolateral view; E, M, U, abdomen apex, lateral view; F, N, V, ditto, posterolateral view; G, O, W, ditto, dorsal view; H, P, X, ditto, posterior view; K, AA, apical part of abdomen, dorsal view. M–N, P, Ovipositor removed; K, genitalia removed. All photographed by Hara.

Fig. 4. A–N in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VI

Fig. 4. A–N, Euura imperfecta: A–G, female, Hokkaido; H–K, male, Hokkaido; L–N, female, Honshu. O–X, Euura itoi: O–U, female; V–X, male. A, H, L, O, V, Head, dorsal view; B, I, M, P, W, dorsomedial part of head anterodorsal view; C, J, N, Q, X, head, anterior view; D, K, R, Y, head, lateral view; E, S, torulus and its surroundings, anterolateral view; F, T, left mandible, outer view; G, U, right mandible, outer view. All photographed by Hara.

Fig. 2. A–F in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VI

Fig. 2. A–F, Aglaostigma albicinctum: A, early or middle instar larva on Symplocarpus renifolius, 31. V. 2018; B, early or middle instar larva on Impatiens textorii, 29. V. 2016; C, late instar larva on Actinidia polygama, 25. VI. 2016; D, late instar larva on I. textorii, 30. V. 2016; E, late instar larva on A. polygama, 1. VII. 2016; F, mature larva, 10. VI. 2016. G–J, Allantus meridionalis: G, early instar, 20. IX. 2015; H, J, middle or late instar larva, 12. X. 2015; I, mature larva, 13. X. 2015. K–M, Apethymus kunugi: K, probably late instar larva, 10. V. 2019; L, same larva, 12. V. 2019; M, same larva, matured, and cast skin above, 17. V. 2019. N–P, Corymbas nipponica: N, middle instar larva, 17. VI. 2016; O, same larva, late instar, 26. VI. 2016; P, same larva, matured, and cast skin above, 29. VI. 2016. All photographed by Ibuki.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VII

Fig. 9. Fagineura parva: A–C, Female, head in anterior view, whole body in dorsal and ventral views; D, final feeding instar larva, 14. V. 2021; E, final instar larva, 15. V. 2021. A–C, Photographed by Hara; D, E, photographed by Ibuki.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VII

Fig. 6. Caliroa vaccini: A–C, Female, overwintering generation, head in anterior view, whole body in dorsal and ventral views; D, female, non-overwintering generation, ventral view; E, female and her eggs (in leaf tissues, some arrowed), 18. VI. 2021; F, first instar larvae and egg marks (arrowed), 22. VI. 2021; G, H, final feeding instar larvae and leaves eaten by larvae, 5–6. X. 2020; I, leaves eaten by larvae, 2. VI. 2021. A–D, Photographed by Hara; E–I, photographed by Ibuki.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VII

Fig. 5. Beleses nigrifemoratus: A, Female ovipositor; B, middle part of lancet; C, D, male genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; E, volsella, dorsal view; F, penis valve, left dorsal; G, female, 7. IV. 2016; H, eggs laid in leaf, 10. IV. 2016; I, early instar larvae and egg marks (arrowed), 8. V. 2015; J, semifinal (final feeding) instar larva, 12. V. 2015; K, final instar larva just after extra molt, 18. V. 2015. A–F, Photographed by Hara; G–K, photographed by Ibuki.

Fig. 10. A, B in Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan VII

Fig. 10. A, B, Mesoneura macroptera, final feeding instar larva, 8. VI. 2018. C, D, Mesoneura mikagei: C, Eggs, 12. V. 2019; D, early instar larvae, 11. V. 2018. Photographed by Ibuki.