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FIGURE 4. A–O in Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species
FIGURE 4. A–O. Alvania sculptilis (Monterosato, 1877). A–C. syntype numbered 1 from Algiers (Algeria), height 2.25 mm, with original labels (Monterosato coll ex Joly coll. MCZR-M-22162/S). D. syntype numbered 2 from Algiers (Algeria), height 2.1 mm (Monterosato coll ex Joly coll. MCZR-M-22162/S). E. syntype numbered 3 from Algiers (Algeria), height 1.9 mm (Monterosato coll ex Joly coll MCZR-M-22162/S). F. Getares nord (Spain), height 1.55 mm (IN). G–I. Alvania conspicua (Pallary, 1900), Arzew, Oran (Algeria), height 2.1 mm with original label (MCZR-M-30061). J, K. Algiers (Algeria) height 1.7 mm, with original label (Monterosato coll. MCZR-M-22250). L. Getares, Algeciras (Spain) 3–6 m depth, height 2.25 mm (IN). M. same locality (Spain) 3–6 m depth, height 2.15 mm (IN). N, O. Algiers (Algeria) height 1.73 mm (IN). P. Merelina sculptilis May, 1920, original drawing (May, 1920: 62, pl. XV, fig 15).
FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Distribution of Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844), based on the material examined and checked literature data. Red dots, Recent records; blue dot, fossil records.
Convergence, parallelism, and function of extreme parietal callus in diverse groups of Cenozoic Gastropoda
We use SEM imaging to examine the shell microstructure of fossil and living species in five families of caenogastropods (Strombidae, Volutidae, Olividae, Pseudolividae, and Ancillariidae) to determine whether parallel or convergent evolution is responsible for the development of a unique caenogastropod trait, the extreme parietal callus. The extreme parietal callus is defined as a substantial thickening of both the spire callus and the callus on the ventral shell surface such that it covers 50% or more of the surface. Caenogastropods as a whole construct EPC convergently, using a variety of low-density, poorly-organized microstructures that are otherwise uncommon in caenogastropod non-callus shell construction. Within clades, however, we see evidence for parallelism in decreased regulation in both the shell and callus microstructure. Low density and poorly-ordered microstructure -- such as used for EPC -- uses less organic scaffolding and is less energetically expensive than normal shell microstructure. This suggests EPC functions to rapidly and inexpensively increase shell thickness and overall body size. Tests of functional ecology suggest that EPC might function both to defend against crushing predation through increased body size and dissipation of forces while aiding in shell orientation of highly-mobile gastropods. These interpretations hinge on the current phylogenetic placement of caenogastropod families, emphasizing the essential contribution of phylogeny when interpreting homoplasy.
FIGURE 64 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 64. Nerve ring in dorsal view. A. Buccinum undatum, buccal connective observed (char. 96: 1), buccal ganglia dorsal to pedal ganglia (char. 97: 0). B. Hemipolygona beckyae, buccal connective not observed (char. 96: 2), buccal ganglia dorsal to cerebral ganglia (char. 97: 1). Abbreviations: ngb, buccal ganglion; ngbc, buccal ganglion connective; ngc, cerebral ganglion; ngp, pedal ganglion. Scales= 1 mm.
FIGURE 66 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 66. Nerve ring in dorsal view. A. Granulifusus sp., short buccal commissure, less than 1/2 the total length of the buccal ganglia (char. 99: 0). B. Filifusus filamentosus, long buccal commissure, 1/2 or greater than the total length of the buccal ganglia (char. 99: 1). Abbreviations: ngb, buccal ganglion; ngbu, buccal ganglia commissure. Scales= 1 mm.
FIGURE 61. Penis. A. Leucozonia ocellata, penis without a in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 61. Penis. A. Leucozonia ocellata, penis without a pre- copulatory chamber (char. 92: 0). B. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, penis with copulatory chamber (char. 92: 1) bearing short papilla contained within (char. 93: 0). C. Pisania pusio, penis bearing copulatory chamber (char. 92: 1) with a long protruding papilla (char. 93: 1). Abbreviations: cc, pre-copulatory chamber; pe, penis; pp, penis papilla. Scales= 1 mm.
FIGURE 59 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 59. Right side of roof of pallial cavity, male. A. Latirus vischii, prostate as a simple, linear tube (char. 89: 0). B. Buccinum undatum, prostate coiled (char. 89: 1). Abbreviations: pr, prostate; re, rectum. Scales= 2 mm.
FIGURE 31 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 31. Ventral view of odontophore cartilages and associated muscle. A. Thais speciosa, unfused cylindrical odontophore cartilages (char. 45: 0). B. Chryseofusus archerusius, concave odontophore cartilages (char. 45: 1), muscles removed, and fused less than 15% (char. 46: 0). C. Fusinus brasiliensis, concave cartilages (char. 45: 1) and fused more than 15% (char. 46: 1). Abbreviations: oc, odontophore cartilage. Scales= 1 mm.
FIGURE 28 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 28. Head in ventral view. A. Granulifusus sp. rhynchostome bearing longitudinal folds (char. 41: 1) and a lipped rim (char. 42: 1). B. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, rhynchostome without longitudinal folds (char. 41: 0) and a simple margin (char. 42: 0). Abbreviations: ct, cephalic tentacle; rh, rhynchostome. Scales= 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 34. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 34. Radula. A. Latirus pictus, ratio of the width of the base by the width of the edge of rachidian is one (char. 52: 0). B. Fusolatirus bruijnii, ratio is less than 1 and more than 1/2 (char. 52: 1). C. Fusinus serotinus, ratio is 1/2 or less (char. 52: 2). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral; rar, radula rachidian. Scales= 20 µm.
FIGURE 42. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 42. Radula. A. Amiantofusus candoris, radula, lateral base straight (char. 61: 0). B. Polygona angulata, lateral base curved (char. 61: 1). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral. Scales= 10 µm.
FIGURE 23. Siphon. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 23. Siphon. A. Granulifusus sp. margin of the siphon smooth (char. 32: 0). B. Leucozonia cerata, margin bearing longitudinal folds (char. 32: 1). Abbreviations: mb, mantle border; si, siphon. Scales= 2 mm.
FIGURE 20 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 20. Transverse section of the roof of the pallial cavity in the osphradium region. A. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, osphradium profile rounded (char. 27: 0). B. Fusinus australis, osphradium profile digitated (char. 27: 1). Abbreviations: os, osphradium. Scales= 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 27 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 27. Head in ventral view. A. Granulifusus kiranus, rhynchostome located close to the base of cephalic tentacles (char. 39: 0) as a longitudinal slit (char. 40: 1). B. Leucozonia cerata, located distanced from the base of cephalic tentacles (char. 39: 1) as a transverse slit (char. 40: 0). C. Hemipolygona beckyae, located close to the base of cephalic tentacles (char. 39: 0) as an oblique slit (char. 40: 2). Abbreviations: ct, cephalic tentacle; rh, rhynchostome. Scales= 1 mm.
FIGURE 49. Mid-esophagus. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 49. Mid-esophagus. A. Fasciolaria tulipa, salivary glands as paired and free amorphous masses (char. 72: 1). B. Fusinus sp. salivary glands close to nerve ring (char. 72: 0). Abbreviations: nr, nerve ring; sg, salivary glands. Scales= 5 mm.
FIGURE 51. Anterior and middle esophagus. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 51. Anterior and middle esophagus. A. Pugilina tupiniquim (modified from Abbate & Simone, 2015), valve of Leiblein absent (char. 74: 0) and ventral glandular region absent (char. 75: 0). B. Aurantilaria aurantiaca, valve of Leiblein present (char. 74: 1) and ventral glandular region absent (char. 75: 0). C. Fusinus frenguelli, valve of Leiblein present (char. 74: 1) and ventral glandular region present (char. 75: 1). Abbreviations: pv, ventral glandular region of mid-esophagus; vl, valve of Leiblein. Scales- 2 mm.
FIGURE 37 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 37. Radula, detail of rachidian. A. Aurantilaria aurantiaca, rachidian tooth, secondary cusps present (char. 55: 1). B. Pustulatirus pallidus, no secondary cusps (char. 55: 0). Abbreviations: rar, radula rachidian; rar2, radula rachidian secondary cusp. Scales A= 50 µm, B= 10 µm.
FIGURE 41 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 41. Radula, detail of lateral. A. Fusolatirus bruijnii, non-uniform cusps (abstracting secondary cusps) (char. 60: 1). B. Latirus pictus, uniform (char. 60: 0). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral. Scales= 10 µm.
FIGURE 40. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 40. Radula. A. Hemipolygona armata, lateral cusps curved inward (char. 59: 0). B. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, cusps curved outward (char. 59: 1). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral. Scales A= 10 µm, B= 3 µm.
FIGURE 22 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 22. Roof of the pallial cavity in the osphradium and ctenidium region. A. Peristernia nassatula, ctenidium by osphradium width ratio is less than 1 (char. 30: 0). B. Dolicholatirus sp. ctenidium by osphradium width ratio is 1 to less than 1.5 (char. 30: 1). C. Buccinum undatum, ctenidium by osphradium width ratio is 1.5 or greater (char. 30: 2). Lines indicate the ratio of the width, evidencing the gradual increase in ctenidium width by osphradium width ratio. Abbreviations: cn, ctenidium; os, osphradium. Scales= 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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