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FIGURE 5 in A new species of brilliant green frog of the genus Tlalocohyla (Anura, Hylidae) hiding between two volcanoes of northern Costa Rica

FIGURE 5. Variation and diagnostic characteristics in Tlalocohyla celeste sp. nov. (A-B) pattern change and green tones change of two uncollected males. (C) Ventral view in diurnal pattern. (D) ventral view of female (UCR 23701), note green bones (black arrow) and white peritoneum (blue arrow). (E) Spotted pattern in juvenile. (F) Axillary membrane (red arrow).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of brilliant green frog of the genus Tlalocohyla (Anura, Hylidae) hiding between two volcanoes of northern Costa Rica

FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal pattern of Tlalocohyla celeste sp. nov. (A–B) male holotype of Tlalocohyla celeste sp. nov. (UCR 23700) in life. (C) Size differences between females and males. (D) Typical nocturnal pattern of males. (E) Female with the oocytes visible by transparency in the body. (F) Diurnal pattern of adults, males and females, note the white iris chance. (G) Juvenile. (H) Diurnal pattern with red-brown iris.

FIGURE 1. Begonia yentuensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A in Begonia yentuensis and B. khaucaensis (Begoniaceae), two new species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 1. Begonia yentuensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A. Habit; B, B'. Portion of leaf, upper and lower surfaces; C. Stipule, on top of tuber, C'. stipule on erect stem; D, D', D". Bracts; E, E'. Staminate flower, face and side views; F, F', F''. Stamens, ventral, dorsal and side views; G, G'. Pistillate flower, face and side views; H, H'. Style and stigmatic band, dorsal and ventral views; I. Capsule; J. Cross section of an immature capsule.

FIGURE 2. Begonia yentuensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A in Begonia yentuensis and B. khaucaensis (Begoniaceae), two new species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 2. Begonia yentuensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A. Habit and habitat; B. Habit; C. Tuber; D. Stipules; E, F. Portion of leaf, upper and lower surfaces; G. Inflorescence; H. Staminate flowers; I. Pistillate flowers; J. Capsule; K. Cross section of an immature capsule. All photos from Luu Hong Truong et al. TYT22 by Luu Hong Truong.

FIGURE 4. Begonia labordei H in Begonia yentuensis and B. khaucaensis (Begoniaceae), two new species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 4. Begonia labordei H.Lév. A. Habit and habitat; B. Habit; C. Staminate flowers; D. Pistillate flowers; E. Capsules. A, D & E from Peng 20964, B from Peng 23251, C from Peng 20520 by Ching-I Peng.

FIGURE 3. Begonia asperifolia Irmsch. A, B in Begonia yentuensis and B. khaucaensis (Begoniaceae), two new species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 3. Begonia asperifolia Irmsch. A, B. Habit and habitat; C. Staminate flowers; D. Pistillate flowers. A & B by Zhong-Xuan Wang, C & D by Wen-Ke Dong.

FIGURE 6. Begonia khaucaensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A, B in Begonia yentuensis and B. khaucaensis (Begoniaceae), two new species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 6. Begonia khaucaensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A, B. Habit and habitat; C. Young leaf, also showing petioles; D. Inflorescence; E. Inflorescence branch, showing bracts; F. Staminate flower, face and back views; G. Pistillate flower, face and side views; H. Capsule; I. Cross section of ovary. All photos from Luu Hong Truong & Le Khac Quyet HG6 by Luu Hong Truong.

FIGURE 5. Begonia khaucaensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A in Begonia yentuensis and B. khaucaensis (Begoniaceae), two new species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 5. Begonia khaucaensis Luu & C.W.Lin. A. Habit; B, B'. Portion of leaf, upper and lower surfaces; C. Stipule; D, D', D''. Bracts; E, E'. Staminate flower, face and side views; F, F'. Stamens, ventral and dorsal views; G, G'. Pistillate flower, face and side views; H, H'. Style and stigmatic band, dorsal and ventral views; I. Capsule; J. Cross section of an immature capsule.

FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, morphology of flowers from different localities in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa (A–D), and leaf morphology (E). A. Flower in lateral view (Sun Valley). B. Flower in front view (Sun Valley). C. Flower in front view (Kosies). D. Flowers (Umdaus). E. Branchlet showing leaves being semi-succulent, the blade subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, the margins with isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by M. Koekemoer (A–C), N. Jürgens (D), & W. Swanepoel (E). in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium

FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, morphology of flowers from different localities in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa (A–D), and leaf morphology (E). A. Flower in lateral view (Sun Valley). B. Flower in front view (Sun Valley). C. Flower in front view (Kosies). D. Flowers (Umdaus). E. Branchlet showing leaves being semi-succulent, the blade subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, the margins with isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by M. Koekemoer (A–C), N. Jürgens (D), & W. Swanepoel (E).

FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, habitat and habit. A. Plant in flower during a particularly dry season (Aussenkjer [Aussenkehr] 147 Farm, ||Kharas Region, Namibia). B. Plant in full flower (Kosies, Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa). Photographs by L. Nanyeni (A) & M. Koekemoer (B). in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium

FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, habitat and habit. A. Plant in flower during a particularly dry season (Aussenkjer [Aussenkehr] 147 Farm, ||Kharas Region, Namibia). B. Plant in full flower (Kosies, Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa). Photographs by L. Nanyeni (A) & M. Koekemoer (B).

FIGURES 9–10 in A warmth-loving brother of northern siblings: the first subtropical species of Forinus Kurbatov discovered on Okinawa-jima Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

FIGURES 9–10. Forinus mirus sp. n., male. Metacoxal region in ventral view (9); distal region of left middle leg in dorsal view (10). Abbreviations: cxp, coxal process; msp, median sternal process; sIII‒IV, sternite III‒IV; v3, metaventrite.

FIGURES 1–2 in A warmth-loving brother of northern siblings: the first subtropical species of Forinus Kurbatov discovered on Okinawa-jima Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

FIGURES 1–2. Forinus mirus sp. n., male. Dorsal habitus (1); distribution of all nominal Forinus species with aedeagi in lateral view compared (illustrations for F. macer and F. secundus after Kurbatov (1991, 1992), respectively) (2).

FIGURES 7–8 in A warmth-loving brother of northern siblings: the first subtropical species of Forinus Kurbatov discovered on Okinawa-jima Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

FIGURES 7–8. Forinus mirus sp. n., male. Left elytron in dorsal view (7); pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (8). Abbreviations: bef, basal elytral foveae; ds, discal sulcus; ss, sutural sulcus; v2, mesoventrite; v3, metaventrite. Arrowheads indicate foveae.

FIGURES 5–6 in A warmth-loving brother of northern siblings: the first subtropical species of Forinus Kurbatov discovered on Okinawa-jima Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

FIGURES 5–6. Forinus mirus sp. n., male. Right antenna in dorsal view (5) and right antennal club in dorsal view (6).

FIGURES 3–4 in A warmth-loving brother of northern siblings: the first subtropical species of Forinus Kurbatov discovered on Okinawa-jima Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

FIGURES 3–4. Forinus mirus sp. n., male. Head, pronotum and elytral base in dorsal view (3); head and prothorax in ventral view (4). Abbreviations: abg, antebasal groove; dtp, dorsal tentorial pit; fs, frontal sulcus; gp, gular plate; hg, hypomeral groove; laf, lateral antebasal fovea; maf, median antebasal fovea; mls, median longitudinal sulcus; pst, prosternum; ptp, posterior tentorial pits. Arrowheads indicate ventral prothoracic foveae.

FIGURES 11–14 in A warmth-loving brother of northern siblings: the first subtropical species of Forinus Kurbatov discovered on Okinawa-jima Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

FIGURES 11–14. Forinus mirus sp. n., male. Abdomen in dorsal (11) and ventral (12) views; isolated penial plate (13); abdominal apex in ventral view (14). Abbreviations: dc, discal carina; III‒IX, abdominal segments III‒IX.

FIGURE 21 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 21. Holotype of Atraphaxis ledebourii sp. nov. RUSSIA. Tuva: Tes-Khem Raion, the southern slope of the East Tannu-Ola ridge, dry stone bed of the Khyralyg-Khem river, 1200 m, 03 June 1972, Khanminchun 4821 (holotype MW0061283).

FIGURE 15 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 15. Atraphaxis decipiens (A–F, I–L) and A. pungens × A. decipiens (G–H): leaf blades (A, G), fragment of thyrse (B, I, J), flowers (C, D, K), fruits (D–F, H), and styles (E, L). A–F—(310) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, Khayyrakan vill., steppe, 01 August 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). G–H—(309) RUSSIA. Tuva: Barun-Khemchik Raion, Shekpeer vill., 03 August 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). I–L—RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 28 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A, B, G, I, K); = 0.5 µm (C, D, F, H, J); = 0.2 µm (E, L).

FIGURE 9 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 9. Atraphaxis pungens (A–E) and A. × uyukensis (F): A–C—short generative shoots with small leaf blades; D–F—long vegetative shoots with large leaf blades. A—(184) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, Kartushibinskii ridge, vill. Shivilig, 16 June 1987, Shaulo & Krasnikov 84 (NSK). B—RUSSIA. Tuva: the West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, environs of Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3867 (NSK). C—(304) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, vicinity of Shivilig vill., 923 m, 52°13.434'N, 93°44.148'E, 26 Jul 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). D—(253) RUSSIA. Khakassia: Shira Raion, lake shore Fyrkal, 05 July 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (NSK). E—(115) MONGOLIA. Uver-Khangay: S of Tugrek, Bajangyin-Nuru (spurs of Dzegest-Ula), 27 July 1983, Gubanov 7471 (MW). F—(301) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 655 m, 27 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW).

FIGURE 6 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 6. Epidermal cells of perianth tube (A, C, E), tepals of perianth (B, D, F), fruits (G, L), styles (H, J, K), and fruit surface (I). A, B—A. kuvaevii (154), RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (MW0061320, holotype). C, D—A. pungens (255), RUSSIA. Khakassia: Askiz Raion, Kazanovka, Skvortsov (MW0061302). E, F, K—A. ledebourii (59), MONGOLIA. Ubsunur: S of Altan-Els, 70 km NE of Baruun-Turuun, 5 July 1988, Kamelin et al. 867 (LE). G–I—A. kuvaevii, RUSSIA, Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, West Sayan Mts, vill. Bayan-Kol, 8 July 1974, Lomonosova & Iskakova 2709 (MHA, NS). J—A. pungens (192), RUSSIA. Tuva: West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3867 (MHA). L—A. decipiens × A. ledebourii (238), RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, West Sayan Mts, the Uyuk ridge, vill. Bayan-Kol, 6 August 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). Scale Bar = 10 µm (A-F); = 300 µm (G), =100 µm (H); = 30 µm (I); =500 µm (J); =3 µm (K, L).