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1,103 results for “Actinopterygii”
Figure 17 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 17. Head of †Lycoptera cf. davidi (UMA F10652, 110 mm SL) in lateral view. Arrows indicate well-developed parasphenoid teeth. Anterior facing right.
Figure 30 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 30. Ventral elements of the gill arches and the basihyal shown in dorsal (= oral) and ventral views. A, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10597, 62 mm SL). B, Xenomystus nigri (FMNH 69494, approx. 90 mm SL). C, Arapaima gigas (UMA F11261, 145 mm SL), gill rakers omitted from the right side. D, Pantodon buchholzi (FMNH 63752, 74 mm SL). Cartilage shown in black. Anterior facing left. Arrow indicates the position at which the hypohyals meet the basihyal/basibranchial skeleton. Illustration of ventral view of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 56).
Figure 15 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 15. †Lycoptera davidi. A, isolated skull roof from a small specimen (MNHN 1927-13-06 a¢). This specimen is preserved as an impression in ventral view. Note the small length of the frontals relative to the parietals. B, isolated elements of the lower jaw and hyoid arch (MNHN 1927-13- 06 e¢). This partial specimen, which is preserved in dorsal view (right lower jaw in medial view), clearly shows the presence of a gular plate. The impression left by what is possibly the basihyal toothplate (visible on the counterpart of this specimen) is marked by a dashed grey line. Anterior facing left.
Figure 12. A in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 12. A specimen identified as †Joffrichthys sp. (FMNH PF12171b). This specimen is a black latex peel dusted with ammonium chloride made from a natural mould of one half of the specimen. This specimen was collected from the Sentinel Butte Formation, North Dakota – the same locality as †J. triangulpterus Newbrey & Bozek, 2000. The type species of the genus, †J. symmetropterus Li & Wilson, 1996b, is known from the Paskapoo Formation of Alberta, Canada. Although this specimen consists of only a disarticulated skull, pectoral girdle, pectoral fin and pelvic fin, much detail of the morphology is visible. The specimen was identified as †Joffrichthys based on the combination of the shape of the opercle and preopercle and the morphology of the parasphenoid and maxilla. Note that the subopercle is large, extending along the entire ventral edge of the opercle. Scale in millimeters. Anterior facing left.
Figure 29 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 29. Lower jaw in medial, lateral (posterior portion only) and posterior views. A, Elops saurus (UMA F10255, 425 mm SL). B, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10587, 272 mm SL). C, Heterotis niloticus (MCZ 50959, adult, unknown SL). Anterior facing left. Lateral and medial illustrations of Hiodon are modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 38); medial view has been reversed so that anterior is facing left. Lateral images of Elops and Heterotis have been reversed so that anterior is facing left.
Figure 40 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 40. Premaxillae of †Eohiodon and Hiodon. A, †Eohiodonrosei (AMNH 2905a; unknown SL). B, †E. woodruffi (UALVP 22905a; 127 mm SL). C, †E. falcatus (UMA F10651; 125 mm SL). D, †Hiodon consteniorum (UALVP 24200; 60 mm SL). E, H. tergisus (UMA F10635; 155 mm SL). F, H. alosoides (UMA F10647; 258 mm SL). Anterior facing left.
Figure 37. Caudal skeleton. A in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 37. Caudal skeleton. A, Hiodon tergisus (TU 108166 A, 52 mm SL). B, †Lycoptera davidi (UMA F11260a, 75 mm SL). C, Petrocephalus simus (MCZ 50113, 55 mm SL). D, Chitala sp. (UMA F10341, 75 mm SL). Anterior facing left. Illustration of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 74D). Illustration of †Lycoptera is of right side and image reversed so anterior facing left.
Figure 11 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 11. Some elements of the skull roof of osteoglossids in dorsal view. A, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (190 mm SL; drawn after Taverne, 1977: fig. 44). B, †Phareodus testis (composite, drawn after Taverne, 1978: fig. 4). C, †Brychaetus muelleri (composite, drawn after Taverne, 1978: fig. 22). Note the distinctive anterior supraorbital shelf present in †Phareodus and †Brychaetus. This character is described by Li & Wilson (1996a: character 25) as the condition of having the anterior portion of the frontal at least as twice as wide as the posterior portion (see also discussion in Li et al., 1997a). It is proposed here, however, that the 'supraorbital shelf ' is recognizable as a distinct structure. Anterior facing left.
Figure 10 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 10. Extrascapular bones in dorsal view. A, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10586, 273 mm SL). B, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). C, Scleropages formosus (UMA F11266, approx. 320 mm SL). Dashed lines indicate path of the supratemporal sensory canal; note that this sensory canal is not enclosed in the extrascapular in Chitala. Anterior facing left. Illustration of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 28).
Figure 8 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 8. Otic and occipital region in lateral or posterolateral view. A, Alosa sapidissima (UMA F10359, 390 mm SL). B, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10581, 315 mm SL). C, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). D, Campylomormyrus tamandua (FMNH 51337, 145 mm SL). E, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (UMA F10160, 365 mm SL). F, Pantodon buchholzi (UMA F11265, approx. 50 mm SL). Dashed red line indicates the outline of the temporal fossa. Illustration of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 21). Anterior facing left.
Figure 20 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 20. Infraorbital bones in lateral view. A, Elops saurus (UMA F11258, 62 mm SL). B, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10150, 293 mm SL). C, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). D, Petrocephalus simus (MCZ 50113, 54 mm SL). E, Campylomormyrus tamandua (FMNH 55300B, 84 mm SL). F, Arapaima gigas (UMA F11261, 145 mm SL). G, Scleropages formosus (FMNH uncatalogued in Geology Department, 67 mm SL). H, Pantodon buchholzi (UMA F11264, 70 mm SL). Anterior facing left. Illustration of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 36). Illustrations of Arapaima, Petrocephalus and Campylomormyrus are of right side; images reversed so anterior facing left.
Figure 6. A-E in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 6. A-E, the five most parsimonious cladograms and F, their strict consensus resulting from analysis of the data matrix in Appendix 1 with the exclusion of all fossil taxa. Note that the strict consensus of these trees (F) is consistent with that for the full analysis (Fig. 5).
Figure 1 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 1. Schemes of interrelationships among 'lower' teleostean fishes, drawn after: A, Cope (1871a,b); B, Garstang (1931); C, Gosline (1961); and D, Greenwood et al. (1966). Bold-face indicates taxa considered here to belong in Osteoglossomorpha. Question marks and dashed lines indicate the author's doubt concerning the exact placement of a taxon. These diagrams were translated from textual classifications (with the exception of Greenwood et al.'s, which is partly redrawn from their fig. 1), and therefore are somewhat extrapolated (i.e. some of these authors indicated ancestors, which have been redrawn as sister groups).
Figure 36 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 36. Caudal skeleton of a large juvenile and an adult Arapaima gigas. A, photograph and B, line drawing of an estimated 780 mm SL specimen (FMNH 85741). C, photograph and D, line drawing of an estimated 1270 mm SL specimen (UMA F11263). Fin rays dissected away in C & D; fin rays omitted from drawings. Note that in FMNH 85741 (A & B), the fusion of the uroneural to hypural 6 is very nearly complete; these elements are completely fused in UMA F11263 (C & D). Also note the double haemal arches and likely double (although fused) neural arches on pu2 in FMNH 85741 (A & B). Anterior facing left.
Figure 9 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 9. Skull roof in dorsal view. A, Elops saurus (UMA F10255, 425 mm SL). B, Arapaima gigas (UMA F11262, approx. 240 mm SL). C, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10581, 315 mm SL). D, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). Anterior facing left. Illustration of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 9).
Figure 2 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 2. Hypotheses of osteoglossomorph interrelationships, redrawn from: A, Nelson (1968); B, Greenwood (1973); C, Taverne (1979); and D, Li & Wilson (1996a). The letters in Taverne's phylogeny are the ancestral 'forms' that Taverne described in his text. Question marks and dashed lines indicate the author's doubt concerning the placement of a taxon.
Figure 5 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 5. The strict consensus of the two equally parsimonious cladograms shown in Fig. 4. Numbers above the nodes are the Bremer support; numbers below the nodes are bootstrap values (5000 replicates).
Figure 13 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 13. Skull roof of an adult specimen of Heterotis niloticus (MCZ 50959, adult, unknown SL) in dorsal view. A, photograph. B, line drawing. Note that the left opercle was removed, the exoccipitals are missing, and the dermosphenotic and infraorbital 4 of the left side are fused in this specimen. Anterior facing left.
Figure 4 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 4. The two fundamental most parsimonious trees resulting from analysis of the data matrix provided in Appendix 1; characters and character states described in text are listed in Appendix 2. The strict consensus is provided in Fig. 5. These trees both have a length of 171 steps, a consistency index (CI) of 0.6433 (0.6139 excluding uninformative characters, a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.3977 (0.3861 excluding uninformative characters), a retention index (RI) of 0.7782 and a rescaled consistency index (RC) of 0.5006. Letters above the nodes correspond to those listed in the text under the heading Character Optimization and Node Support.
Figure 19 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 19. Photographs of neurocrania in anterolateral view showing aspects of the trigeminofacialis chamber in four osteoglossomorphs. A, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10581, 315 mm SL). B, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). C, Pantodon buchholzi (UMA F11265, approx. 50 mm SL). D, Gnathonemus petersii (UMA F11267, approx. 140 mm SL). Arrows indicate position of the foramen for the nerve historically called the combined cranial nerves V and VII; this nerve likely contains a portion of the anteroventral lateral line nerve as well. In Gnathonemus, as in some other mormyroids, there are two separate foramina (i.e. one for V and one for VII).
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