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901 results for “Amazon Basin”
Data from: Parrots consume sodium-rich palms in the sodium-deprived landscape of the Western Amazon Basin
Herbivorous animals face shortages of different minerals in different geographic areas. In the Amazon basin, sodium is often limiting, driving herbivores to seek supplemental sources. In the lowlands of the western Amazon basin, parrots commonly consume sodium-rich soils at clay licks but lick use varies widely among species and to date, parrots in the region have not been reported consuming other supplemental sodium sources. We document 11 species of psittacines consuming sodium-rich leaves and trunks of Attalea butyracea palms growing on sodium-rich soils in lowland Peru. Consumed palms had more sodium and less potassium than uneaten A. butyracea palms and other palm species in the area. Among A. butyracea palm parts, sodium and Na:K ratios were highest in trunks (consumed by parrots in 91% of the 721 foraging bouts recorded) and lowest in leaves (consumed in only 14% of foraging bouts). The low potassium and high Na:K ratio suggest that birds may be seeking not just any sodium sources, but those low in potassium, as potassium is known to exacerbate dietary sodium shortages. Use of the palms and species' abundances in the study area were not correlated. Instead, parrot species that consumed palms the most were those that use relatively few traditional soil clay licks. This finding suggests that parrot species in the region have fundamental differences in preferred strategies for obtaining supplemental sodium and may help explain documented interspecific differences in geophagy. .
Data from: Rivers, refuges, and population divergence of fire-eye antbirds (Pyriglena) in the Amazon Basin
The identification of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that might account for the elevated biotic diversity in tropical forests is a central theme in evolutionary biology. This issue is especially relevant in the Neotropical region, where biological diversity is the highest in the world, but where few studies have been conducted to test factors causing population differentiation and speciation. We used mtDNA sequence data to examine the genetic structure within white-backed fire-eye (Pyriglena leuconota) populations along the Tocantins River valley in the south-eastern Amazon Basin, and we confront the predictions of the river and the Pleistocene refuge hypotheses with patterns of genetic variation observed in these populations. We also investigated whether these patterns reflect the recently detected shift in the course of the Tocantins River. We sampled a total of 32 individuals east of, and 52 individuals west of, the Tocantins River. Coalescent simulations and phylogeographical and population genetics analytical approaches revealed that mtDNA variation observed for fire-eye populations provides little support for the hypothesis that populations were isolated in glacial forest refuges. Instead, our data strongly support a key prediction of the river hypothesis. Our study shows that the Tocantins River has probably been the historical barrier promoting population divergence in fire-eye antbirds. Our results have important implications for a better understanding of the importance of large Amazonian rivers in vertebrate diversification in the Neotropics.
Data from: Human management and hybridization shape treegourd fruits in the Brazilian Amazon Basin
Local people's perceptions of cultivated and wild agrobiodiversity, as well as their management of hybridization are still understudied in Amazonia. Here we analyze domesticated treegourd (Crescentia cujete), whose versatile fruits have technological, symbolic and medicinal uses. A wild relative (C. amazonica) of the cultivated species grows spontaneously in Amazonian flooded forests. We demonstrated, using whole chloroplast sequences and nuclear microsatellites, that the two species are strongly differentiated. Nonetheless, they hybridize readily throughout Amazonia and the proportions of admixture correlate with fruit size variation of cultivated trees. New morphotypes arise from hybridization, and are recognized by people and named as local varieties. Small hybrid fruits are used to make the important symbolic rattle (maracá), suggesting that management of hybrid trees is an ancient human practice in Amazonia. Effective conservation of Amazonian agrobiodiversity needs to incorporate this interaction between wild and cultivated populations that is managed by smallholder families. Beyond treegourd, our study clearly shows that hybridization plays an important role in tree crop phenotypic diversification, and that the integration of molecular analyses and farmers'perceptions of diversity help disentangle crop domestication history.
FIGURE 6 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
FIGURE 6. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Larva: A—lateral; B—head and thorax, dorsal; C—case, lateral.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
FIGURE 1. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Adult head and thorax: A—dorsal; B—lateral; C—frontal; D—tentorium, dorsal; E—fore, mid, and hind legs, lateral.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
FIGURE 5. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Female genitalia: A—lateral; B—dorsal; C—vaginal apparatus, ventral.
FIGURE 7 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
FIGURE 7. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Larva: A—foreleg, lateral; B—midleg, lateral; C—hind leg, lateral; D—mandible, dorsal; E—anteromesal corner of pronotum, detail of cuticle; F—fore trochantin, lateral; G—abdominal segments IX & X, lateral; H—lateral hump scletire, lateral; I—tergum IX, dorsal.
FIGURE 2 in Hemiodus jatuarana, a new species of Hemiodontidae from the rio Trombetas, Amazon Basin, Brazil (Teleostei, Characiformes)
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Hemiodus jatuarana n. sp. (circle) and H. immaculatus (squares).
FIGURE 1 in A taxonomic revision of the Musician Wren, Cyphorhinus arada (Aves, Troglodytidae), reveals the existence of six valid species endemic to the Amazon basin
FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of plumage color patterns among taxa of the Cyphorhinus arada complex: (A) distribution of forehead and crown, nape, and chin, throat and chest color patterns; (B) distribution of the auriculars, sides of neck and superciliary color patterns; (C) distribution of the belly, flanks and crissum color patterns.
FIGURE 5. Aphyolebias boticarioi, UFRJ 5987 in Moema apurinan sp. n. and Aphyolebias boticarioi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new annual killifishes from the Rio Purus basin, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 5. Aphyolebias boticarioi, UFRJ 5987, female, paratype, 32.4 mm SL (one day after collection; pectoral, caudal and anal fins damaged); Brazil: Acre: Porto do Acre: Rio Purus basin.
FIGURE 4. Aphyolebias boticarioi, UFRJ 5986 in Moema apurinan sp. n. and Aphyolebias boticarioi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new annual killifishes from the Rio Purus basin, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 4. Aphyolebias boticarioi, UFRJ 5986, male, holotype, 42.1 mm SL (one day after collection; caudal and anal fins damaged); Brazil: Acre: Porto do Acre: Rio Purus basin.
FIGURE 2. Moema apurinan, UFRJ 5981 in Moema apurinan sp. n. and Aphyolebias boticarioi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new annual killifishes from the Rio Purus basin, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 2. Moema apurinan, UFRJ 5981, female, paratype, 44.4 mm SL (one day after collection); Brazil: Acre: Porto do Acre: Rio Purus basin.
FIGURE 1. Moema apurinan, UFRJ 5980 in Moema apurinan sp. n. and Aphyolebias boticarioi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new annual killifishes from the Rio Purus basin, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 1. Moema apurinan, UFRJ 5980, male, holotype, 52.5 mm SL (one day after collection); Brazil: Acre: Porto do Acre: Rio Purus basin.
FIGURE 9 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
FIGURE 9. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Pupa: A—abdomen, abdominal hook plates, enlarged; B—head, frontal, mandible enlarged; C—anterior silken membrane of pupal case.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
FIGURE 4. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Male genitalia: A—lateral; B—inferior appendage, ventral; C—segments IX & X, dorsal; D—phallus, lateral; E—apex of phallus, enlarged, lateral; F—apex of phallus, enlarged, ventral.
FIGURE 6 in A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 6. Schematic representation of head and dorsum color patterns in (A) Pseudoboa serrana, (B) P. haasi, (C) P. martinsi, (D) P. coronata, (E) P. neuwiedii, (F, G) P. nigra. Juvenile and adult patterns shown in left and right columns, respectively. Head towards the right side of each drawing. See text for a detailed explanation.
FIGURE 5 in A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Pseudoboa martinsi in the Amazon basin. Abbreviations shown for the following Brazilian states: Pará (Pa), Roraima (Rr), Amazonas (Am), Rondônia (Ro), Acre (Ac), Mato Grosso (Mt).
FIGURE 3. Pseudoboa martinsi, MZUSP 8549 in A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 3. Pseudoboa martinsi, MZUSP 8549 (holotype) fully everted and inflated hemipenis in (A) sulcate and (B) asulcate views. Scale: 10 mm.
FIGURE 2. Pseudoboa martinsi, MZUSP 8549 in A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 2. Pseudoboa martinsi, MZUSP 8549 (holotype) head in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral views, and mid-body in (D) left lateral view.
FIGURE 1. Pseudoboa martinsi, MZUSP 8549 in A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 1. Pseudoboa martinsi, MZUSP 8549 (holotype) adult male from Fazenda Porto Alegre, Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil, (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view. Scale: 100 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.