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FIGURE 10 in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 10. Shailopropat Falls in the dry season, looking down from above the middle of the falls. Badis pallidus was collected from the small stream at the bottom of the ravine.

FIGURE 7. Badis chittagongis. A in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 7. Badis chittagongis. A, adult male, NRM 68074, 40.8 mm SL; B, adult female, 35.0 mm SL; Both from Bangladesh: Barachora stream, 4 km south of Cox′s Bazar; C adult male, NRM 68040, 37.8 mm SL, from Bangladesh: Maheshkhali Island, Khaler Uttarkul.

FIGURE 5. Badis badis. NRM 68307. A in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 5. Badis badis. NRM 68307. A, male, 34.1 mm SL; B, female, 28.5 mm SL. Both from Bangladesh, Fenchuganj, roadside ditch 4 km south of Sylhet.

FIGURE 6 in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 6. Comparison of relative size trajectories of interorbital width against standard length in species of Badis reported from Bangladesh.

FIGURE 4 in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 4. Collecting site of Badis badis and Dario kajal, a roadside ditch close to Sylhet. To the right a large rice paddy. Specimens were collected from dense vegetation dominated by water hyacinths. Photo taken after fishing activities leaving an open area in the otherwise covering vegetation.

FIGURE 1f in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 1f. clustering of sequences representing the genus Dario. Excerpt from mPTP delimitation tree of species of the Badidae, based on coi sequences (Fig. S3). New sequences are labeled with tissue collection identifiers in NRM. Sequences from GenBank are labeled with Accession number and original determination

FIGURE 1e in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 1e. clustering of sequences representing Badis from the Brahmaputra River: Badis laspiophilus, B. singenensis, B. "Sonitpur", and an unidentified species from the Ranganadi River. Excerpt from mPTP delimitation tree of species of the Badidae, based on coi sequences (Fig. S3). New sequences are labeled with tissue collection identifiers in NRM and DU. Sequences from GenBank are labeled with Accession number and original determination.

FIGURE 1d in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 1d. clustering of sequences representing Badis rhabdotus and Badis sp "Kolodyne". Badis sp. Excerpt from bPTP delimitation tree of species of the Badidae, based on coi sequences (Fig. S3). New sequences are labeled with tissue collection identifiers in NRM. Sequences from GenBank are labeled with Accession number and original determination.

FIGURE 1c in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 1c. clustering of sequences representing Badis pallidus, B. chittagongis, and an unidentified OTU from the Yamuna River. Excerpt from bPTP delimitation tree of species of the Badidae, based on coi sequences (Fig S3). New sequences are labeled with tissue collection identifiers in NRM and DU. Sequences from GenBank are labeled with Accession number and original determination.

FIGURE 1b in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 1b. clustering of sequences representing Badis badis, a cluster of uncertain identification, and unidentified OTU from near Kaziranga. Excerpt from bPTP delimitation tree of species of the Badidae, based on coi sequences (Fig. S3). New sequences are labeled with tissue collection identifiers in NRM and DU. Sequences from GenBank are labeled with Accession number and original determination.

FIGURE 1a in Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limits of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 1a. clustering of OTUs of Badis kyar, B. ferrarisi, B. corycaeus, B. assamensis, and GenBank samples identified as B. assamensis. Excerpt from bPTP delimitation tree of species of the Badidae, based on coi sequences (Fig. S3). New sequences are labeled with tissue collection identifiers in NRM. Sequences from GenBank are labeled with Accession number and original determination.

FIGURES 15 in Description of the immature and adult stages of the jujube tube spittlebug Machaerota planitiae Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) in Bangladesh

FIGURES 15─31. Adult body features of Machaerota planitiae. 15, Mouthparts, dorsal view; 16, Whole stylet fascicle show- ing the outer mandibular stylets and middle maxillary stylets, dorsal view; 17, Enlarged tip of mandibular and maxillary stylets, dorsal view; 18, Enlarged view of apex of maxillary stylets, lateroventral view;19, Enlarged view of apex of mandibular stylets, dorsal and lateral view; 20─22, Adult female abdomen, 20, dorso-lateral view; 21, latero-ventral view; 22, ventral view; 23, Foreleg, lateral view; 24, Hindleg, lateral view; 25, Enlarged lateral view of tarsal part of hindleg; 26, Enlarged tip of midleg with spurs, lateral view; 27, Enlarged fronto-dorsal view of pretarsal claws with tarsal spurs; 28, Forewing of male, lateral view; 29, Enlarged lateral view of forewing tip of male; 30, Enlarged lateral view of forewing base of male; 31, Hindwing of male, lateral view. Scale bars: 15 = 100 µm; 16 = 0.10 mm; 17─19 = 100 µm; 20─24 = 0.10 mm; 25 =100 µm; 26 = 0.10 mm; 27=100 µm; 28= 1.00 mm.

FIGURES 1 in Description of the immature and adult stages of the jujube tube spittlebug Machaerota planitiae Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) in Bangladesh

FIGURES 1─14. General body features of Machaerota planitiae. 1─3, Adult male, 1, lateral view, 2, ventral view, 3, dorsal view; 4─6, Adult female, 4, lateral view, 5, dorsal view, 6, head with pronotum, dorsal view; 7─14, Adult male, 7, Compound eye and ocellus; dorsal view; 8, Head and pronotum, dorsal view; 9, Head, ventral view; 10, Head, dorsa-frontal view; 11, Fronto-ventral view of the head capsule showing insertion of the antenna and their relative position; 12, Head capsule showing the position of the mouthparts, frontal view; 13, General view of the antenna in the head capsule showing the 3-segments: the scape, the pedicel and the flagellum; 14, Enlarged dorsal view of head capsule with ocellus. Scale bars: 1─6 =1.00 mm; 7 = 0.10 mm; 8 = 0.50 mm; 9, 10 = 0.10 mm; 11=100 µm; 12, 13 = 0.10 mm; 14 =100 µm.

FIGURES 56 in Description of the immature and adult stages of the jujube tube spittlebug Machaerota planitiae Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) in Bangladesh

FIGURES 56─72. Nymphal thoracic legs, sample collection sites, fresh and infested inflorescences, live nymphs, and adult of Machaerota planitiae in tubes. 56, Fifth instar thoracic legs; 57, Enlarged view of fifth instar meta thoracic leg with spinations; 58, Fourth instar thoracic legs; 59, Enlarged view of fourth instar metatibia spinations with tarsal claws; 60, Third instar tho- racic legs; 61, Enlarged view of third instar metatarsomeres; 62, Second instar thoracic legs; 63, Enlarged view of second instar metatibia spinations with tarsomeres; 64, First instar thoracic legs; 65, Enlarged view of first instar metathoracic leg; 66, 67, Live nymph and adult above the tubes at infested jujube flowers in field condition under steriomicroscope; 68, Enlarged view of tubes; 69, Fresh inflorescences; 70, Sample collection sites (Bangladesh); 71, 72, Infested inflorescences; Scale bars: 56─64 =50µm; 65 = 0.05 mm; 66─68 =1.00 mm.

FIGURES 32 in Description of the immature and adult stages of the jujube tube spittlebug Machaerota planitiae Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) in Bangladesh

FIGURES 32─55. Adult male and female genitalia and immatures of Machaerota planitiae. 32, Enlarged view of male genitalia, ventral view; 33, Male genitalia, lateral view; 34, Male genitalia, hind view; 35, Apical part of genital plate, ventrolateral view; 36, Paramere, lateral view; 37, Aedeagus and periandrium, lateral view; 38, Female genitalia, lateral view; 39, Female genitalia, gonapophyses of the ninth abdominal segment (outer), and median gonapophyses of the ninth abdominal (central) segments, ventral view; 40, Enlarged ventral view of female genitalia with ovipositor; 41, Female genitalia ventral view ovipositor with orifice of spermathecal gland, adapted from Moulds (2005); 42, Fifth instar, dorsal view; 43, Head of fifth instar, lateral view; 44, Fourth instar, dorsal view; 45, Head of fourth instar, lateral view; 46, Third instar, dorsal view; 47, Head of third instar, frontal view; 48, Second instar, latero-dorsal view; 49, Head of second instar, frontal view; 50, First instar last stage, latero-dor- sal view; 51, Head of first instar last stage, frontal view; 52, First instar early stage, lateral view; 53, Head of first instar early stage, frontal view. 54, Enlarged view of egg, lateral view; 55, Eggs, dorsal view; Scale bars: 32─39 = 0.10 mm; 40 = 100 µm; 41= 0.10 mm; 42 =1.00 mm; 43 = 0.10 mm; 44=1.00 mm; 45 = 0.10 mm; 46 =1.00 mm; 47 = 0.10 mm; 48 =1.00 mm; 49 = 0.10 mm; 50 =1.00 mm; 51= 0.10 mm; 52 =1.00 mm; 53 = 0.10 mm; 54, 55=100µm.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Downscaled Extreme Rainfall in Bangladesh

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opencc-by-sa-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Pregnancy-induced hypertension and its associated risk factors among pregnant garment workers attending an urban health center in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) can lead to severe morbidity, long-term disability, and mortality among mothers and their infants. PIH is increasing worldwide, disproportionately affecting more mothers in developing countries.  This study aims to determine the prevalence of PIH and its associated risk factors among pregnant garment workers attending an urban health center in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant garment workers at ≥20 weeks of gestation, who visited a health center of a garment in Narayanganj, Bangladesh between July and October 2023. Data on socio-demographics, clinical characteristics including body weight and blood pressure, and family history of chronic diseases were gathered. Logistic regression was done to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) to identify factors associated with PIH. Result:  With an average age of 27.3 years (standard deviation 3.2) and nearly two-thirds of the 150 participants having completed secondary education or higher, the mean gestational age was 21.7 weeks. One out of ten had a family history of high blood pressure and 2% had a family history of PIH. The overall prevalence of PIH was 7.3%. Higher risk for PIH was linked to family history of PIH (aOR 18.1; 95% CI 1.3, 251.3). Conclusion: The study identified that one out of every 14 pregnant garment workers had PIH. The findings highlight that a family history of PIH significantly increases the likelihood of developing PIH in this population. Therefore, pregnant women with this risk factor should be prioritised by health care professionals.

opennotspecifiedJun 2018View details →

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic revision of Peliosanthes bakeri and P. violacea (Asparagaceae), with description of two new species from Bangladesh and India

FIGURE 2. Peliosanthes khasiana (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n., K-000099355) A. Inflorescence. B–C. Venation at base of leaf (arrowed); B. Adaxial view. C. Abaxial view.

opennotspecifiedJun 2018View details →

FIGURE 6. Peliosanthes subspicata. A. Flower with slightly flattened segements, front view. B. Outer perigone segment, ventral view. C. Inner perigone segment, ventral view. D in Taxonomic revision of Peliosanthes bakeri and P. violacea (Asparagaceae), with description of two new species from Bangladesh and India

FIGURE 6. Peliosanthes subspicata. A. Flower with slightly flattened segements, front view. B. Outer perigone segment, ventral view. C. Inner perigone segment, ventral view. D. Distal margin of perigone segment. E. Dehiscent anther on staminal corona, ventral view. F–H. Pistil; F, G. Side views from two different angles. Intercarpellary septal wings arrowed. H. View from above. I. Diagram of longitudinal aspect of flower. Scale at A for A–C; at D for D; at E for E–H. Drawn by Noriyuki Tanaka from: J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (P- 00214609).