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369 results for “Cranial morphology”
Figure 3 in Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)
Figure 3. Holotypes of the three new Calumma species as preserved specimens. A, C. uetzi sp. nov. (ZSM 1688/2012). B, C. lefona sp. nov. (ZSM 2849/2010). C, C. juliae sp. nov. (ZSM 143/2016). Scale bar: 20 mm.
Figure 2 in Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)
Figure 2. Calumma uetzi sp. nov. in life. A, male (ZSM 1686/2012) in slightly stressed coloration. B, subadult female (ZSM 1685/2012) relaxed. C, male holotype (ZSM 1688/2012, left) in spectacular display, with adult female (right, UADBA- R-FGZC 3628) in stress coloration, repelling the male.
Figure 1 in Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)
Figure 1. Molecular differentiation of species in the Calumma boettgeri complex. A, maximum likelihood tree based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene (515 bp). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap proportions expressed as a percentage (2000 replicates) followed by posterior probabilities from an independent Bayesian inference analysis of the same data set. GenBank accession numbers are given for each sequence included. B, haplotype network estimated from sequences of the nuclear CMOS gene (410 bp). Black dots represent additional mutational steps, and species are assigned the same colours as in the mitochondrial DNA tree.
Fig. 8 in A Description of the First Instar Larva of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Coptotominae) with an Emphasis on Cranial Morphology and Comments on the Phylogeny of Basal Lineages of Dytiscidae
Fig. 8. Cladogram (L ¼ 10, CI ¼ 1.00, RI ¼ 1.00) for Coptotominae, Laccophilinae, Copelatinae, and Hydroporinae. Internodes labeled AC are supported by adult characters (Miller 2001).
Figs. 6–7 in A Description of the First Instar Larva of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Coptotominae) with an Emphasis on Cranial Morphology and Comments on the Phylogeny of Basal Lineages of Dytiscidae
Figs. 6–7. Prothoracic leg of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius). 1) Anterior view; 2) posterior view. Legend: CO, coxa; FE, femur; PTS, pretarsal sensilla; TA, tarsus; TI, tibia; TR, trochanter. Numbers refer to primary sensilla corresponding to those named on larval Matinae (Alarie et al. 2001).
Figs. 3–5 in A Description of the First Instar Larva of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Coptotominae) with an Emphasis on Cranial Morphology and Comments on the Phylogeny of Basal Lineages of Dytiscidae
Figs. 3–5. Ventral views of mouth parts of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius). 3) Maxilla; 4) mandible; 5) lateral half of labium. Legend: CD, cardo; GA, galea; LP, labial palp; MP, maxillary palp; PM, prementum; ST, stipes. Numbers refer to primary sensilla corresponding to those named on larval Matinae (Alarie et al. 2001).
Figs. 1–2 in A Description of the First Instar Larva of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Coptotominae) with an Emphasis on Cranial Morphology and Comments on the Phylogeny of Basal Lineages of Dytiscidae
Figs. 1–2. Cranium of Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius). 1) Dorsal and ventral surfaces of cranium; 2) lateral view. Legend: AN, origin of antenna; DA, declination angle; EB, egg bursters; CH, cranial horn; FR, frontoclypeus; LM, labrum; LS, lamellate sensillum; MN, mandible; NS, nasale; PA, parietale; and TP, posterior tentorial pit. Numbers refer to primary sensilla corresponding to those named on larval Matinae (Alarie et al. 2001).
Figure 13 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 13. Tympanic cavities of Eryopiformes, including Stereospondyli (see characters 91, 201, 210 in Supporting information Appendix S2). A, Eryops megacephalus (AMNH 23529), dorsal view of the right otic notch. B, Platyoposaurus watsoni (PIN 161/39), posterolateral view of the right otic notch. C, Konzhukovia vetusta (PIN 520/1), dorsal view of the right otic notch. D, Australerpeton cosgriffi (UFRGS-PV-0230-P), posterolateral view of the left otic notch. E, Rhineceps nyasaensis (CAMZM T.259), posterolateral view of the right otic notch. F, Uranocentrodon senekalensis (TM 185), posterolateral view of the left otic notch. Scale bars: A–C, E, F = 3 cm; D = 1 cm. The arrows indicate the dorsal pterygoid crest (white), the stapedial groove (black), and the oblique crest (yellow).
Figure 6. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 6. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Reconstruction of skull in ventral view. Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone, areas of articulation (mandibular and occipital), and denticles on palate. Abbreviations: apv, anterior palatal vacuity; bo, basioccipital; cm, crista muscularis; co, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; mx, maxilla; occ, occipital condyle; pl, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sf, subtemporal fenestra; tub, medial tubercle of the premaxilla; vo, vomer; vpj, ventral process of the jugal. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 9. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 9. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Posterior region of the palate of UFRGS-PV-0229-P. Photograph (A) and interpretative drawing (B). Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity), areas of articulation (occipital) or insertion (pockets for insertion of vertebro-occipital musculature), and denticles on the palate. The black areas represent areas of the dorsal surface. Abbreviations: asd, denticles on the parasphenoid with arch-shaped distribution; bo, basioccipital; cm, crista muscularis; gm, groove possibly for the insertion of a mucous membrane or dentigerous ossicles on the interpterygoid vacuity; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; occ, occipital condyle; poc, 'pockets' for the insertion of the occipital musculature; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 5. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 5. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Reconstruction of the skull in dorsal view. Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity). Abbreviations: en, external naris; fr, frontal; jug, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; pf, postfrontal; po, postorbital; ppa, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; tab, tabular. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 4. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 4. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. UFRGS-PV-0224-P, photographs (above) and interpretative drawing (below) in dorsal (A), posterior (B), and ventral (C) views. Dark grey areas represent openings or sediment-infilled fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity), articulation (mandibular and occipital), or denticles on palate. Areas filled with parallel lines are broken surfaces. Abbreviations: afm, articular facet of mandible; an, angular; ar, articular; arg, arcadian groove; arp, arcadian process; bo, basioccipital; cm, crista muscularis; co, choana; cp, cultriform process; ctf, chorda tympanica foramen; de, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ex, exoccipital; fcr, falciform crest; fm, foramen magnum; fopq, foramen paraquadratum accessorium; foq, foramen quadratum; fr, frontal; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; jug, jugal; jvp, ventral process of the jugal; la, lacrimal; memb., ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); ms, mandibular sulcus; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; occ, occipital condyle; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; par, prearticular; pf, postfrontal; pfe, post-temporal fenestra; pgp, postglenoid process; pl, palatine; pmf, posterior Meckelian fenestra; po, postorbital; ppa, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; psp, postsplenial; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; rap, retroarticular process; san, surangular; sf, subtemporal fenestra; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; tab, tabular; tabh, tabular horn; tcr, tympanic crest; vo, vomer. Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 12 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 12. Parasphenoids of Eryopiformes in ventral view, including Stereospondyli (see characters 27, 76, 82, 199, 209 in Supporting information Appendix S2). A, Eryops megacephalus (AMNH 4673). B, Platyoposaurus watsoni (PIN 161/ 20). C, Australerpeton cosgriffi (UFRGS-PV-0224-P). D, Uranocentrodon senekalensis (TM 185). E, Lydekkerina huxleyi (CAMZM T.238). F, Benthosuchus sushkini (PIN 219/2257). Scale bars: A, D = 5 cm, B, C, F = 3 cm, E = 1 cm.
Figure 8. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 8. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998, left otic notch of UFRGS-PV-0230-P. Photograph (A) and interpretative drawing (B), showing the crests of the tympanic cavity. Dark grey areas represent the area of the stapedial groove. Light grey areas represent the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity. Areas filled with parallel lines are broken or restored surfaces. Abbreviations: dpc, dorsal pterygoid crest; fcr, falciform crest; memb., ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); obc; oblique crest; pt, pterygoid (ascending lamina); qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; stg, stapedial groove; tab, tabular; tcr, tympanic crest. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 3. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 3. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. UFRGS-PV-0227-P (holotype). Photographs (above) and interpretative drawing (below) in dorsal (A), posterior (B), and ventral (C) views. Dark grey areas represent openings or sedimentinfilled fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity), areas of articulation (mandibular and occipital), and denticles on palate. Areas filled with parallel lines are broken surfaces. Abbreviations: cm, crista muscularis; co, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; en, external naris; ex, exoccipital; fcr, falciform crest; fr, frontal; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; jug, jugal; la, lacrimal; memb., ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); mx, maxilla; na, nasal; obc, oblique crest; occ, occipital condyle; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; pf, postfrontal; pfe, post-temporal fenestra; pl, palatine; po, postorbital; ppa, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sf, subtemporal fenestra; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; tab, tabular; tabh, tabular horn; tcr, tympanic crest; tyc, tympanic cavity; vo, vomer; vpj, ventral process of the jugal. Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 11 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 11. Part of the most parsimonious tree, including only Stereospondylomorpha. The rectangles represent all supporting synapomorphies mapped onto each node; state 0 in white and states 1, 2 or 3 in black.
Figure 2. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 2. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Photographs (above) and interpretative drawings (below) of cranial material in dorsal view. A, UFRGS-PV-0227-P (holotype; partial skull without rostrum and lacking the right side). B, UFRGS-PV-0224-P (partial skull without rostrum). C, UFRGS-PV-0225-P (partial skull without the anterior extremity, possibly a juvenile). D, UFRGS-PV-0228-P (rostrum). E, UFRGS-PV-0230-P (fragment of the left posterior part of skull). F, UFRGS-PV-0229-P (partial skull without rostrum). Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 1 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 1. Geographical position of Serra do Cadeado (white circle) in the context of the Paraná Basin (grey area); the black area corresponds to Permian outcrops.
Figure 7. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 7. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Reconstruction of the skull in posterior view. Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity) and areas of articulation (mandibular and occipital). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; memb, ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); occ, occipital condyle; pfe, post-temporal fenestra; ppa, postparietal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; tab, tabular; tyc, tympanic cavity. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 10. The most parsimonious tree that resulted from the phylogenetic analysis, with 509 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 10. The most parsimonious tree that resulted from the phylogenetic analysis, with 509 steps, depicting the position of Australerpeton cosgriffi. Decay indices (Bremer support) with values above 1 are given below the nodes. Bootstrap percentages are given after the Bremer support values (ins) for clades with values above 50%.
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