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FIGURES 66–70. Celleporaria triangula Seo, 1994, RGM.1350561 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 66–70. Celleporaria triangula Seo, 1994, RGM.1350561, early Pleistocene, Java. 66. General view of the colony fragment. 67. Close-up of an orifice showing the three tooth-like processes, condyles, and suboral avicularium. 68. Close-up of two zooids with oral spine bases. 69, 70. Close-ups of interzoodal avicularia. Scale bars: Fig. 66 = 400 µm; Figs 67, 69, 70 = 40 µm; Fig. 68 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 158, 159 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 158, 159. Psammocleidochasma sp., RGM.1350589, early Pleistocene, Java. 158. View of the colony encrusting a shell fragment. 159. Close-up of zooids showing oral and frontal tubercles, marginal areolar pores, cleithridiate orifice, oral spine bases usually covered by distal calcification (see arrow), and pore-chamber windows. Scale bars: Fig. 158 = 400 µm; Fig. 159 = 200 µm.

FIGURES 13–15 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 13–15. Biflustra cf. virgata (Canu & Bassler, 1929), RGM.1350546, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 13. Branch fragment.14. Close-up of irregularly shaped zooids. 15. Close-up of regular zooids showing the denticulate, fan-shaped, plectriform-type apparatus. Scale bars: Fig. 13 = 400 µm; Figs 14, 15 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 10–12 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 10–12. Biflustra cf. quadrata (Canu & Bassler, 1929), RGM.1350545, Holocene, off South Sulawesi. 10. Branch fragment. 11. Group of autozooids. 12. Close-up of a zooid showing the denticulate plectriform-type apparatus. Scale bars: Fig. 10 = 1 mm; Figs 11, 12 = 200 µm.

FIGURES 8, 9 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 8, 9. Acanthodesia cf. lamellosa Canu & Bassler, 1929, early Pleistocene and Holocene, off South Sulawesi. 8. RGM.1350544, group of autozooids. 9. RGM.1350543, group of autozooids and a kenozooid. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIGURES 5–7. Acanthodesia variegata n in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 5–7. Acanthodesia variegata n. sp., holotype, RGM.1350542, Holocene, off South Sulawesi. 5. General view of the colony encrusting a fragment of Adeonellopsis, and showing the high intracolonial variability. 6. Close-up of two zooids with granular cryptocyst, and large, rectangular plectriform-type apparatus. 7. Close-up of a zooid with smooth cryptocyst, and small, fan-shaped plectriform-type apparatus. Scale bars: Fig. 5 = 400 µm; Fig. 6 = 100 µm; Fig. 7 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 1–4 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 1–4.?Nevianipora sp., RGM.1350541, Holocene, off South Sulawesi. 1. Frontal view of branch fragment. 2. Closeup of two autozooids. 3. Dorsal view of branch fragment. 4. Close-up of the dorsal surface. Scale bars: Figs 1, 3 = 1 mm; Figs 2, 4 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 62–65. Celleporaria cylindrocystis Tilbrook, 2006. 62–64. RGM.1350559 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 62–65. Celleporaria cylindrocystis Tilbrook, 2006. 62–64. RGM.1350559, early Pleistocene, Java. 62. General view of the colony fragment. 63. Group of autozooids, some with oral spine bases. 64. Close-up of an orifice showing the three tooth-like processes. 65. RGM.1350560, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. Group of zooids, some of which are ovicellate (see arrows), and interzooidal avicularia. Scale bars: Fig. 62 = 300 µm; Figs 63, 65 = 200 µm; Fig. 64 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 146–149 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 146–149. Predanophora cf. ensenada Tilbrook, 2006, RGM.1350585, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 146. General view of the colony fragment. 147. Group of zooids. 148. Close-up of an ovicellate zooid, with incomplete ooecium, and spatulate, adventitious avicularia. 149. Close-up of an orifice. Scale bars: Fig. 146 = 500 µm; Fig. 147 = 200 µm; Fig. 148 = 100 µm; Fig. 149 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 139–145 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 139–145. 'Characodoma' latisinuatum Harmer, 1957, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 139–141. RGM.1350582. 139. Colony starting as an encrustation on a bivalve shell fragment, and developing an erect portion independent of the substrate; note the spinose appearance of the frontal shield of the ontogenetically older zooids compared to the smooth or finely tuberculate frontal shield of the latest budded zooids. 140. Close-up of a zooid with spinose frontal shield. 141. Close-up of zooids with smooth to finely tuberculate frontal shield. 142–144. RGM.1350583. 142. Colony covering both sides of a shell fragment. 143. Group of ovicellate zooids with single or paired adventitious avicularia. 144. Close-up of an orifice. 145. RGM.1350584, group of zooids with sealed orifice and ooecium owing to secondary calcification. Scale bars: Figs 139, 142 = 500 µm; Figs 140, 141, 145 = 100 µm; Fig. 143 = 200 µm; Fig. 144 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 155–157 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 155–157. Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929), RGM.1350588, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 155. View of the colony encrusting a gastropod shell fragment. 156. Group of zooids. 157. Close-up of a zooid. Scale bars: Fig. 155 = 500 µm; Fig. 156 = 200 µm; Fig. 157 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 150–154. Turbicellepora yasuharai n in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 150–154. Turbicellepora yasuharai n. sp., Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 150–153. Holotype, RGM.1350586. 150. General view of the colony fragment. 151. Close-up of a zooid and two interzooidal avicularia. 152. Close-up of two ovicellate zooids. 153. Close-up of a zooid with a well-preserved orifice, suboral umbo, and broken adventitious avicularium. 154. Paratype, RGM.1350587, general view of the colony. Scale bars: Fig. 150 = 200 µm; Figs 151–153 = 100 µm; Fig. 154 = 400 µm.

FIGURES 96, 97. Calyptotheca sidneyi n in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 96, 97. Calyptotheca sidneyi n. sp., paratype, NHMUK 1980.2.1.7, Recent, locality not recorded. 96. General view of an erect colony fragment. 97. Close-up of autozooids at colony bifurcation. Scale bars: Fig. 96 = 200 µm; Fig. 97 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 81–85. Pleurocodonellina javanensis n in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 81–85. Pleurocodonellina javanensis n. sp., holotype, RGM.1350564, early Pleistocene, Java. 81. General view of part of the colony including early astogeny. 82. Group of zooids; note the two, oral spine bases visible on the distal orificial edge of the zooid at the bottom. 83. Close-up of two zooids with lateral avicularia of different shapes. 84. Close-up of an orifice. 85. Ovicellate zooids. Scale bars: Fig. 81 = 200 µm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 100 µm; Fig. 84 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 92–95. Calyptotheca sidneyi n in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 92–95. Calyptotheca sidneyi n. sp., holotype, NHMUK 1980.2.1.9A, Recent, north Ubian, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. 92. Autozooids and vicarious avicularium. 93. Close-up of the avicularium rostrum showing four solid spines. 94. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularium. 95. Close-up of an ooecium. Scale bars: Figs 92, 94 = 200 µm; Figs 93, 95 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 89–91 in Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia

FIGURES 89–91.?Hippoporina sp., RGM.1350566, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 89. General view of the colony encrusting a bivalve shell fragment. 90. Close-up of two zooids. 91. Close-up of an orifice. Scale bars: Fig. 89 = 500 µm; Fig. 90 = 100 µm; Fig. 91 = 50 µm.

FIGURE 10 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution

FIGURE 10. Appendicular elements of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). (A.) Proximal portion of right humerus in posterior view. (B.) Anterior portion of left ilium in lateral view. (C.) Right and left femora in posterodorsal view. (D.) Left tibia in posterior view. (E.) Left metatarsal I and III, and right metatarsal I, all in dorsal view. (F.) Left calcaneum and astragalus, lateral view. (G.) Unguals of the manus, lateral view. Scale in each = 2 cm.

FIGURE 8 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution

FIGURE 8. Representative thoracic vertebra of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in (clockwise from top left) anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views. Scale = 2 cm.

FIGURE 12 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution

FIGURE 12. Strict consensus of 25,106 most parsimonious cladograms of Alligatoridae with Bernissartia fagesii, Crocodylus niloticus, and Leidyosuchus canadensis, as outgroups (A. and B.). (C.) Plurality consensus (majority rule allowing less than 50 percent recovery) offers no clade support but does reflect the biostratigraphic record, illustrating the intermediate nature of Alligator hailensis in time and morphology (numbers represent percent clade recovery of most parsimonious cladograms).

FIGURE 2 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Alligator hailensis (UF 224688) skull shown in dorsal view with interpretive line drawing below. Abbreviations are angular (a), dentary (d), frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), maxilla (m), nasal (n), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), premaxilla (pm), quadrate (q), quadratojugal (qj), squamosal (sq), and surangular (sa). Scale = 4 cm.