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414 results for “Ecology: evolutionary”
Data from: Ecological change alters the evolutionary response to harvest in a freshwater fish
Harvesting can induce rapid evolution in animal populations, yet the role of ecological change in buffering or enhancing that response is poorly understood. Here, we developed an eco-genetic model to examine how ecological changes brought about by two notorious invasive species – zebra and quagga mussels– influence harvest-induced evolution and resilience in a freshwater fish. Our study focused on lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where the species supports valuable commercial and subsistence fisheries, and where the invasion of dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels caused drastic shifts in ecosystem productivity. Using our model system, we predicted faster rates of evolution of maturation reaction norms in lake whitefish under pre-invasion ecosystem conditions when growth and recruitment of young to the population were high. Slower growth rates that occurred under post-invasion conditions delayed when fish became vulnerable to the fishery, thus decreasing selection pressure and lessening the evolutionary response to harvest. Fishing with gill nets and traps nets generally selected for early maturation at small sizes, except when fishing at low levels with small mesh gill nets under pre-invasion conditions; in this latter case, evolution of delayed maturation was predicted. Overall, the invasion of dreissenid mussels lessened the evolutionary response to harvest, while also reducing the productivity and commercial yield potential of the stock. These results demonstrate how ecological conditions shape evolutionary outcomes and how invasive species can have a direct effect on evolutionary responses to harvest and sustainability.
Data from: Genome assembly and annotation of Arabidopsis halleri, a model for heavy metal hyperaccumulation and evolutionary ecology
The self-incompatible species Arabidopsis halleri is a close relative of the self-compatible model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The broad European and Asian distribution and heavy metal hyperaccumulation ability make A. halleri a useful model for ecological genomics studies. We used long-insert mate-pair libraries to improve the genome assembly of the A. halleri ssp. gemmifera Tada mine genotype (W302) collected from a site with high contamination by heavy metals in Japan. After five rounds of forced selfing, heterozygosity was reduced to 0.04%, which facilitated subsequent genome assembly. Our assembly now covers 196 Mb or 78% of the estimated genome size and achieved scaffold N50 length of 712 kb. To validate assembly and annotation, we used synteny of A. halleri Tada mine with a previously published high-quality reference assembly of a closely related species, Arabidopsis lyrata. Further validation of the assembly quality comes from synteny and phylogenetic analysis of the HEAVY METAL ATPASE4 (HMA4) and METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN1 (MTP1) regions using published sequences from European A. halleri for comparison. Three tandemly duplicated copies of HMA4, key gene involved in cadmium and zinc hyperaccumulation, were assembled on a single scaffold. The assembly will enhance the genomewide studies of A. halleri as well as the allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica derived from A. lyrata and A. halleri.
Phenotypic rates of change evolutionary and ecological dataset (PROCEED) version 5.0
<p>Wild populations must continuously respond to environmental changes or they risk extinction. Those responses can be measured as phenotypic rates of change which can allow us to predict contemporary adaptive responses, some of which are evolutionary. About two decades ago, a database of phenotypic rates of change in wild populations was compiled. Since then, researchers have used (and expanded) this database to examine phenotypic responses to specific types of human disturbance. Here, we updatedthe database adding 5675 new estimates of phenotypic changes. Using this newer version of the database, now containing 7338 estimates of phenotypic change, we revisit the conclusions of four published articles. We then synthesize the expanded dataset to compare rates of change across different types of human disturbance. Analyses of this expanded database suggests that: I. a small absolute difference in rates of change exists between human disturbed and natural populations, II. harvesting by humans results in higher rates of change than other types of disturbances, III. introduced populations have increased rates of change, and IV. body size does not increase through time. Thus, findings from earlier analyses have largely held-up in analyses of our new database that encompass a much larger breadth of species, traits, and human disturbances. Lastly, we use new analyses to explore how various types of human disturbances affect rates of phenotypic change, and we call for this database to serve as a stepping stone for further analyses to understand patterns of contemporary phenotypic change.</p>
Figure 9 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 9. Netzelia lobostoma and Cucurbitella mespiliformis: scanning electron micrographs of oral and lateral view of the test. The images on the right represent details of the collar. On the left, a photograph of a typical habitat for these species, and original drawings of Netzelia lobostoma (Leidy, 1874) and of Cucurbitella mespiliformis (Penard, 1902).
Figure 8 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 8. Arcella guadarramensis: scanning electron micrographs of the aboral and oral sides of the test. The images on the right represent a detail of the test and the structure of the aperture. On the left, a photograph of a typical habitat for this species, and original drawing of the closest resembling species, Galeripora artocrea (Leidy, 1879).
Figure 7 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 7. Arcella conica: scanning electron micrographs of the aboral, oral and lateral sides of the test. The images on the right represent a detail of the test and the structure of the aperture. On the left, photographs of a typical habitat for the species, and original drawing of Arcella conica (Playfair, 1918).
Figure 5 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 5. Galeripora naiadis, Galeripora bathystoma and Galeripora polypora: scanning electron micrographs of the aboral and oral sides of the test, for G. naiadis the images correspond with pictures of Arcella discoides in Todorov & Bankov (2019). The images on the right represent a detail of the test and the structure of the aperture. On the left, a photograph of a typical habitat for each species, original drawing of the closest resembling species Galeripora discoides (Ehrenberg, 1843), and original drawing of Galeripora bathystoma (Deflandre, 1928) and Galeripora polypora (Penard, 1890).
Figure 4 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 4. Galeripora galeriformis, Galeripora bufonipellita, Galeripora sitiens and Galeripora balari: scanning electron micrographs of the aboral and oral sides of the test. The images on the right represent detail of the test and the structure of the aperture. On the left, a photograph of a typical habitat for each species, original drawing of the closest resembling species Galeripora arenaria (Greef, 1866), and original drawings of the synonymized species Arcella microstoma Penard, 1890 and Arcella aureola Maggi, 1888.
Figure 2. A in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 2. A, scatterplot of the scores of linear discriminants with x-axis representing discriminant function 1 (LD1) and y-axis representing discriminant function 2 (LD2). Colours represent the different mitochondrial clades and symbols refer to the different sections after Deflandre (1928): squares are for Section 1 'Vulgares', circles for Section 2 'Carinatae' and triangles for Section 3 'Aplanatae'. The drawings represent the different morphotypes. B, the table represents the results of a linear discriminant analysis which determines the relationship between predicted and observed specimens cells for each mitochondrial clade.
Figure 6 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 6. Galeripora catinus: scanning electron micrographs of the aboral and oral sides of the test. The images on the right represent a detail of the test and the structure of the aperture. On the left, a photograph of a typical habitat for the species, a peat bog and original drawing of Galeripora catinus (Penard, 1890).
Figure 1 in Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Figure 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 52 partial sequences COI mtDNA data, 618-nucleotide position alignment. The posterior probability values (Bayesian analysis) and bootstrap values (maximum-likelihood) are represented at each node, with a letter representing the different mitochondrial clades along the branches. The colours represent the mitochondrial clades that compose the different figures. Next to each species name is the original habitat (freshwater/Sphagnum/terrestrial mosses) and the section according to Deflandre (1928). The drawings show the tests of illustrative species in lateral and oral side views. Drawings by CSZ.
Evolutionary winners are ecological losers among oceanic island plants
<p>Aim: Adaptive radiation, in which successful lineages proliferate by exploiting untapped niche space, provides a popular but potentially misleading characterization of evolution on oceanic islands. Here we analyse the respective roles of members of in situ diversified vs. non-diversified lineages in shaping the main ecosystems of an archipelago to explore the relationship between evolutionary and ecological 'success'.</p> <p>Location: Canary Islands.</p> <p>Taxon: Vascular plants.</p> <p>Methods: We quantified the abundance/rarity of the native flora according to the geographical range (number of islands where present and geographical extent of the range), habitat breadth (climatic niche) and local abundance (cover) using species distribution data based on 500 × 500 m grid cells and 2000 vegetation inventories located<br> all over the archipelago.</p> <p>Results: Species of diversified lineages have significantly smaller geographic ranges, narrower climatic niches and lower local abundances than those of non-diversified lineages. Species rarity increased with the degree of diversification. The diversified Canarian flora is mainly comprised by shrubs. At both archipelagic and island level, the four core ecosystems (Euphorbia scrub, thermophilous woodlands, laurel forest and pine forest) were dominated by non-diversified lineages species, with diversified lineages species providing <25% cover. Species of diversified lineages, although constituting 54% of the archipelagic native flora, were only abundant in two rare ecosystems: high mountain scrub and rock communities.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Radiated species, endemic products of in situ speciation, are mostly rare in all three rarity axes and typically do not play an important role in structuring plant communities on the Canaries. The vegetation of the major ecosystem types is dominated by plants representing non-diversified lineages (species that derive from immigration and accumulation), while species of evolutionarily successful lineages.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Wildish DJ (2017) Evolutionary ecology of driftwood talitrids: a review. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(2): 353-361. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.12582
Supplementary material 1 from: Wildish DJ (2017) Evolutionary ecology of driftwood talitrids: a review. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(2): 353-361. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.12582
Data from: Pelagic zone is an evolutionary catalyst, but an ecological dead end, for North American minnows
<p>Colonization of a novel geographic area is a classic source of ecological opportunity. Likewise, complex microhabitats are thought to promote biodiversity. We sought to reconcile these two predictions when they are naturally opposing outcomes. We assess the macroevolutionary consequences of an ancestral shift from benthic to pelagic microhabitat zones on rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution in North American minnows. Pelagic species have more similar phenotypes and slower rates of phenotypic evolution, but faster speciation rates, than benthic species. These are likely two independent, opposing responses to specialization along the benthic-pelagic axis, as rates of phenotypic evolution and speciation are not directly correlated. The pelagic zone is more structurally homogenous and offers less ecological opportunity, acting as an ecological dead end for minnows. In contrast, pelagic species may be more mobile and prone to dispersal and subsequent geographic isolation and, consequently, experience elevated instances of allopatric speciation. Microhabitat shifts can have decoupled effects on different dimensions of biodiversity, highlighting the need for nuance when interpreting the macroevolutionary consequences of ecological opportunity.</p>
Fig. 2 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?
Fig. 2 Number of Asteraceae species growing in Chaco Serrano forests of La Serranita-Los Aromos that bear flowers during each month of the year; for calculation, see text in Material and methods Section
Fig. 1 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?
Fig. 1 Diagram of phylogenetic relationships between Asteraceae taxa studied in this work (adapted from Panero and Crozier 2008; Panero and Funk 2008)
Fig. 4 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?
Fig. 4 Plot of PCA scores for 43 co-occurring Asteraceae species in Chaco Serrano forests of La Serranita-Los Aromos, showing first two principal component axes from analysis of flowering phenology considering plant traits and taxonomic membership. Vectors corre-
Fig. 1 in Ecological and evolutionary diversification in the Australo-Papuan scrubwrens (Sericornis) and mouse-warblers (Crateroscelis), with a revision of the subfamily Sericornithinae (Aves: Passeriformes: Acanthizidae)
Fig. 1 Distributional limits of Sericornis and Crateroscelis in the Australo-Papuan region. Distribution of the Australo-Papuan-centred group is shown in the main figure. The white-browed scrubwren (S. frontalis) complex has the broadest distribution in Australia (stippled area) and is divided into an eastern frontalis and western maculatus group. The remaining Australian scrubwrens are restricted to the east
Fig. 6 in Ecological and evolutionary diversification in the Australo-Papuan scrubwrens (Sericornis) and mouse-warblers (Crateroscelis), with a revision of the subfamily Sericornithinae (Aves: Passeriformes: Acanthizidae)
Fig. 6 Biogeographic reconstruction showing possible routes of dispersal as a function of asynchronous Central Range orogeny and eustatic falls in sea level. a Initial colonisation of western New Guinea during the late Miocene after the onset of orogeny in western new Guinea ~ 12 Mya. Colonisation from northern Australian mesic forests is inferred to have occurred during periods of lowered sea level when a deltaic environment, formed by the accumulation of shedding siliclastics, developed on the Arafura shelf. b Pliocene diversification of New Guinean sericornithinines coincides with a phase or rapid mountain uplift and suggests passive transport of species to higher elevations. c Pleistocene connectivity across the Torres Strait in the magnirostra group coincident with periods of lower sea level during glacial maxima. Dispersal across the Arafura shelf is unlikely at this time due to the contraction of mesic
Fig. 4 in Ecological and evolutionary diversification in the Australo-Papuan scrubwrens (Sericornis) and mouse-warblers (Crateroscelis), with a revision of the subfamily Sericornithinae (Aves: Passeriformes: Acanthizidae)
Fig. 4 Maximum clade credibility tree for the Sericornithinae generated in BEAST using a strict molecular clock and Yule speciation prior. Species names for scrubwrens and mouse-warblers are in black type with altitudinal replacement sequences in shaded boxes. Alternative placement of S. citreogularis supported by Bayesian hypothesis testing is indicated by the dashed arrow linking branches. Mean node ages (Mya) are shown
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.