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389 results for “Herbs”
Functional trait plasticity affects growth but not survival of understory herbs across a resource availability gradient
We investigate the effects of phenotypic plasticity in plant functional traits on the survival and growth of transplanted understory herbs.
Flowering phenology of a widespread perennial herb shows contrasting responses to global warming between humid and non-humid regions
<p>The phenology data in paper published in Functional Ecology by Song et al. 2020, titled Flowering phenology of a widespread perennial herb shows contrasting responses to global warming between humid and non-humid regions</p>
Figure 1 from: Proskurina K, Yevtifieieva O, Mala O, Mashtaler V (2021) Development of the method for standardization of the medicinal plant raw material of Cichorium intybus L. herb by the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Pharmacia 68(1): 167-173. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e49273
Figure 1 The TLC chromatogram of hydroxycinnamic acids in ethanolic extracts of different samples of chicory herb originating from Ukraine. S1–3: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid as references; for plant extracts, see abbreviations in Table 3.
Figure 2 from: Proskurina K, Yevtifieieva O, Mala O, Mashtaler V (2021) Development of the method for standardization of the medicinal plant raw material of Cichorium intybus L. herb by the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Pharmacia 68(1): 167-173. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e49273
Figure 2 The absorption spectrum of ethanol (50 per cent V/V) chicory herb extracts for 8 sample of the raw plant material. See abbreviations in Table 3. UV/Vis absorption spectra of chlorogenic acid chemical standard at 10.08 µg/ml in ethanol (50 per cent V/V).
Figure 3 from: Proskurina K, Yevtifieieva O, Mala O, Mashtaler V (2021) Development of the method for standardization of the medicinal plant raw material of Cichorium intybus L. herb by the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Pharmacia 68(1): 167-173. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e49273
Figure 3 Absorbance values of chlorogenic acid as a function of the solution concentrations. The data correlation was calculated by a linear fit.
Data from: Phenotypic but not genotypic selection for earlier flowering in a perennial herb
1. Timing of reproduction affects the outcome of interactions between plants and their pollinators, grazers and seed predators, as well as with their local abiotic environment. In seasonal environments, phenotypic selection has often been shown to favor early flowering. Yet, we still know little about the agents driving selection in natural populations and whether observed phenotypic selection corresponds to genotypic selection – a prerequisite for evolutionary change. 2. In this study, we experimentally assessed phenotypic and genotypic selection for flowering time in a natural population of the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. We transplanted sibling individuals, obtained through controlled crosses, to their source population and found net phenotypic selection for earlier flowering in the field. 3. Despite a higher susceptibility to roe deer grazing, early-flowering plants had higher fruit set and more seeds per fruit than late-flowering plants. We found no support for genotypic selection on flowering time, and heritability for first flowering day was very low. 4. Synthesis: Our results suggest that commonly observed patterns of higher fitness in early-flowering plants do not always correspond to selection on genotypic values and are thus not necessarily expected to result in evolutionary change even if the relationship between flowering time and fitness is causal. This finding should be important to understand how species phenology might respond to changing environmental conditions.
Data from: Sex-specific selection on plant architecture through 'budget' and 'direct' effects in experimental populations of a wind-pollinated herb
Sexual selection may contribute to the evolution of plant sexual dimorphism by favoring architecture traits that improve pollen dispersal to mates in males. In both sexes, larger individuals may be favored if large size allows the allocation of more resources to gamete production (a 'budget' effect of size). In wind-pollinated plants, large size may also benefit males if it allows them to liberate pollen from greater heights, fostering its dispersal (a 'direct' effect of size). To assess these effects and their implications for trait selection, we measured selection gradients on plant morphology in both males and females, as well as pollen production and dispersal in males, of the wind-pollinated dioecious herb Mercurialis annua. In two separate experimental common gardens established at different densities, selection strongly favored plants dispersing their pollen further. Selection for pollen production was observed in the high-density garden only and was weak. In addition, male morphologies associated with increased mean pollen dispersal differed between the two gardens as elongated branches were favored in the high-density garden while shorter plants with longer peduncles bearing inflorescences were advantaged the low-density garden. Larger females were selected in both gardens. Our results point to the importance of selection on male traits that affect pollen dispersal, and to a lesser extent pollen production.
Data from: Local genetic structure in the critically endangered, cave-associated perennial herb Primulina tabacum (Gesneriaceae)
The local spatial genetic structures of cave-associated plants are seldom studied. Given that these plants are mainly confined to small areas in and around the entrances of caves, we hypothesized that they might lack genetic structures at local scales. To test this hypothesis, we sampled two large populations (named D and T) of a critically endangered perennial herb, Primulina tabacum, which is endemic to karst caves in southern China. We analysed nine microsatellite loci and sequenced four chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacer regions to study the genetic diversity and structure within and between both populations. Both populations have distinct genetic characteristics. Samples from two subpopulations in population D showed considerable genetic divergence. This is not consistent with the hypothesis that P. tabacum has a weak genetic structure at a local scale. However, 94% of the individuals in population T shared the same multilocus genotype, which indicates little genetic structure within this population. The contributions of seed flow, pollen flow and (sub)population history to the genetic diversity and structure in each and both populations are discussed. Our study is the first to investigate local genetic diversity and structure in a cave-associated plant, and provides valuable information for the sustainable conservation of such species.
Figure 3 from: Hasanuddin DNA, Garmana AN, Sasongko L (2024) HPLC method for the determination of nifedipine in rat plasma: development, validation, and application to pharmacokinetic drug-herb interaction study. Pharmacia 71: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119198
Figure 3 A. Concentration-time (mean ± SD) and B. Natural logarithm-time (mean ± SD) of nifedipine in plasma after a single dose of nifedipine 1 mg/kg (n = 3) and co-administration of nifedipine with Gynura procumbens leaf extract 154 mg/kg (n = 3) in male Wistar rats.
Figure 1 from: Hasanuddin DNA, Garmana AN, Sasongko L (2024) HPLC method for the determination of nifedipine in rat plasma: development, validation, and application to pharmacokinetic drug-herb interaction study. Pharmacia 71: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119198
Figure 1 HPLC chromatogram of nifedipine. A. Plasma sample spiked with 5 mL/mL of kaempferol; B. Nifedipine-free plasma; C. Plasma sample spiked with 1000 ng/mL of nifedipine.
Figures 42-45 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 42-45 42Synergus sp., fore wing (PSUC_FEM 000079457) 43Periclistus sp., dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000250920) 44Synophromorpha sp., fore wing (PSUC_FEM 000250918) 45Synophromorpha sp., dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000250918). Abbreviations: mcl = marginal cell, not = notauli.
Figures 87-95 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 87-95 87 galls of Antistrophus pisum on stem of Lygodesmia juncea (Asteraceae: Cichorieae), photographed by Chris Friesen (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95588437) 88 galls of Antistrophus rufus in dissected stem of Silphium laciniatum (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64708490) 89 gall of Antistrophus silphii on apical stem of Silphium integrifolium (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), photographed by Andy Deans (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64708191) 90 galls of Diplolepis polita on leaves of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae: Roseae), photographed by Garth Harwood (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/165442438) 91 gall of Diplolepis californica on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae: Roseae), photographed by Mary K. Hanson (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/115655737) 92 gall of Diastrophus potentillae on Potentilla simplex (Rosaceae: Potentilleae), photographed by Tom Murray (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134669544) 93 gall of Diastrophus nebulosus on stem of Rubus sp. (Rosaceae: Rubeae), photographed by Pam Curtin (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174007397) 94 galls of Diastrophus kincaidii on stems of Rubus parviflorus (Rosaceae: Rubeae), photographed by Adam Heikkila (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/173314109) 95 galls of Phanacis taraxaci on petiole of Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae: Cichorieae), photographed by Nathan Earley (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174118397).
Figures 21-26 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 21-26 21Synergus atripennis, dorsolateral view (USNMENT01231845) 22Synergus sp., metasoma, lateral view (USNMENT01231858) 23Synergus sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000079457) 24Synophromorpha sp., dorsolateral view (USNMENT01448499) 25Ceroptres sp., metasoma, dorsolateral view (USNMENT00917016) 26Diastrophus kincaidii, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000251280). Abbreviations: ppt = pronotal plate, T2 = second metasomal tergite, T2+3 = completely fused second and third metasomal tergites, T3 = third metasomal tergite.
Figures 34-37 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 34-37 34Synergus sp., fore wing (PSUC_FEM 000079457) 35Periclistus sp., dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000250920) 36Synophromorpha sp., fore wing (PSUC_FEM 000250918 37Synophromorpha sp., dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000250918). Abbreviations: mcl = marginal cell.
Figures 76-79 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 76-79 76Diplolepis bicolor, lateral view (USNMENT01231831) 77Diplolepis bicolor, lateral view (USNMENT01231831) 78Diplolepis bicolor, dorsal view (USNMENT01231831) 79Diplolepis rosae, fore wing (USNMENT00655959).
Figures 62-67 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 62-67 62Antistrophus pisum, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247286) 63Antistrophus meganae, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000248165) 64Antistrophus silphii, lateral view (CYNANT0048) 65Liposthenes glechomae, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000248152) 66Aulacidea sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247286) 67Aulacidea hieracii, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000253105).
Figures 52-57 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 52-57 52Antistrophus pisum, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247286) 53Antistrophus meganae, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000248165) 54Antistrophus laciniatus, wings (USNMENT01448496) 55Aulacidea sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247286) 56Liposthenes glechomae, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000248152) 57Aulacidea sp., wings (PSUC_FEM 000247286). Abbreviations: mcl = marginal cell, msp = mesopleuron, T2p = setose patch on second metasomal tergite.
Figures 1-8 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 1-8 1Andricus quercuscalifornicus, anterodorsal view (USNMENT01231839) 2Diplolepis bicolor, anterodorsal view (USNMENT01231831) 3Dryocosmus kuriphilus, lateral view (USNMENT01231861) 4Diplolepis bicolor, lateral view (USNMENT01231831) 5Synergus atripennis, anterodorsal view (USNMENT01231845) 6Antistrophus laciniatus, anterodorsal view (USNMENT01448496) 7Phanacis sp., lateral view (USNMENT01448498) 8Antistrophus laciniatus, lateral view (USNMENT01448496). Abbreviations: mep = pronotal submedial pits, plh = pronotum lateral height, pmh = pronotum medial height.
Figures 58-61 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 58-61 58Aulacidea sp., wings (PSUC_FEM 000247286) 59Aulacidea sp., dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000247286) 60Liposthenes glechomae, wings (PSUC_FEM 000248152) 61Liposthenes glechomae, dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000248152). Abbreviations: aro = areolet, mcl = marginal cell.
Figures 83-86 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 83-86 83Synergus sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000079457) 84Synergus incisus, dorsal view (USNMENT01231859) 85Synergus lignicola, anterior view (USNMENT01448497) 86Synergus sp., metasoma, lateral view (USNMENT01231858).
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