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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data for "The very-high resolution configuration of the EC-Earth global model for HighResMIP"

Model data and plot scripts to reproduce the figures of the manuscript "The very-high resolution configuration of the EC-Earth global model for HighResMIP". Authors Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Thomas Arsouze, Mario Acosta, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Miguel Castrillo, Eric Ferrer, Amanda Frigola, Daria Kuznetsova, Eneko Martin-Martinez, Pablo Ortega, Sergi Palomas Abstract We here present the very-high resolution version of the EC-Earth global climate model, EC-Earth3P-VHR, developed for HighResMIP. The model features an atmospheric resolution of ~16 km and an oceanic resolution of 1/12° (~8 km), which makes it one of the finest combined resolutions ever used to complete historical and scenario-like CMIP6 simulations. To evaluate the influence of numerical resolution on the simulated climate, EC-Earth3P-VHR is compared with two configurations of the same model at lower resolution: the ~100-km-grid EC-Earth3P-LR, and the ~25-km-grid EC-Earth3P-HR. The models' biases are evaluated against observations over the period 1980–2014. Compared to LR and HR, VHR shows a reduced equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias, an improved Gulf Stream representation with a reduced coastal warm bias and a reduced subpolar North Atlantic cold bias, and more realistic  orographic precipitation over mountain ranges. By contrast, VHR shows a larger warm bias and overly low sea ice extent over the Southern Ocean. Such biases in surface temperature have an impact on the atmospheric circulation aloft, with improved stormtrack over the North Atlantic, yet worsened stormtrack over the Southern Ocean compared to the lower resolution model versions. Other biases persist with increased resolution from LR to VHR, such as the warm bias over the tropical upwelling region and the associated cloud cover underestimation, and the precipitation excess over the tropical South Atlantic and North Pacific. VHR shows improved air–sea coupling over the tropical region, although it tends to overestimate the oceanic influence on the atmospheric variability at mid-latitudes compared to observations and LR and HR. Together, these results highlight the potential for improved simulated climate in key regions, such as the Gulf Stream and the Equator, when the atmospheric and oceanic resolutions are finer than 25 km in both the ocean and atmosphere. Thanks to its unprecedented resolution, EC-Earth3P-VHR offers a new opportunity to study climate variability and change of such areas on regional/local spatial scales, in line with regional climate models.

Fig. 11 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 11: RMSE profiles for temperature (A) and salinity (C). All associated profiles differences (Argo-model) for temperature (B) and salinity (D) in 6 discrete depths (10 m dark blue, 20 m light blue, 30 m red, 40 m pink, 50 m green, 60 m yellow).

Fig. 10 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 10: Temperature (A) and salinity (C) average profiles with the associated STD for model (red) and Argo (blue), calculated from all the associated profiles of the study area (Fig. 1). Profile differences (Argo – model) of the average temperature (green line) and salinity (brown line) (B). T-S diagram of all Argo and model associated profiles for two depth layer zones (Argo: 200-800m light blue, 800-2000 m dark blue) (Model: 200-800 m pink, 800-2000 m red) (D).

Fig. 9 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 9: Temperature (A) and salinity (C) average profiles with the associated STD for model (red) and Argo (blue), calculated from the associated profiles during the "winter" periods (November – April). The associated profiles for the "summer" periods (May – October) are shown in (B) and (D) for the temperature and salinity respectively.

Fig. 7 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 7: A: Argo salinity average profiles in Southern Adriatic (SA) and Otranto Strait (OS) for the years 2010 (green) and 2012 (purple). B: Argo salinity average profiles in the Northern Ionian (NI) for the years 2008 (light blue), 2009 (dark blue), 2010 (green), 2011 (red) and 2012 (purple). C: Model salinity average profiles in Southern Adriatic (SA) and Otranto Strait (OS) for the years 2010 (green) and 2012 (purple). D: Argo salinity average profiles in the Northern Ionian (NI) for the years 2008 (light blue), 2009 (dark blue), 2010 (green), 2011 (red) and 2012 (purple).

Fig. 8 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 8: A: Argo salinity average profiles in the south-eastern Ionian for the years 2008 (light blue), 2009 (dark blue), 2010 (green), 2011 (red) and 2012 (purple). B: Model salinity average profiles in the south-eastern Ionian for the years 2008 (light blue), 2009 (dark blue), 2010 (green), 2011 (red) and 2012 (purple).

Fig. 6 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 6: Temperature (A) and salinity (B) average profiles with the associated STD for model (red) and Argo (blue), calculated from the available profiles in the southern Ionian region. Hovmöller diagrams of the differences between Argo and model associated profiles over time for temperature (C) and salinity (D) in the southern Ionian.

Fig. 5 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 5: Temperature (A) and salinity (B) average profiles with the associated STD for model (red) and Argo (blue), calculated from the available profiles in the northern Ionian region. Hovmöller diagrams of the differences between Argo and model associated profiles over time for temperature (C) and salinity (D) in the northern Ionian.

Fig. 3 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 3: Temperature (A) and salinity (B) average profiles with the associated STD for model (red) and Argo (blue), calculated from the available profiles in the southern Adriatic region. Hovmöller diagrams of the differences between Argo and model associated profiles over time for temperature (C) and salinity (D) in the south Adriatic.

Fig. 4 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 4: Temperature (A) and salinity (B) average profiles with the associated STD for model (red) and Argo (blue), calculated from the available profiles in the Otranto Strait. Hovmöller diagrams of the differences between Argo and model associated profiles over time for temperature (C) and salinity (D) in the Otranto Strait.

Fig. 1 in Comparison of high resolution hydrodynamic model outputs with in-situ Argo profiles in the Ionian Sea Abstract

Fig. 1: SANI model bathymetry (A). The geographical area covered by SANI model (red rectangular) and the divided sub-regions SA (Southern Adiatic - yellow), OS (Otranto Strait - green), NI (Northern Ionian – brown) and SI (Southern Ionian – blue). All the available (966) Argo profiles for the period 2008-2012 from 21 individual floats denoted with different colours according to their WMO number (B).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

High-resolution AI image dataset for diagnosing oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma

This deposition contains only training dataset of ORCHID database. The validation and test dataset related to the same study can be found at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12646943.

Figure 20 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 20. Succession of carbon isotopes (δ13 C) in the Baghuk carb Mountain 1 and C sections (Hambast Formation and Elikah Formation, respectively).

Figure 17 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 17. Selected nautiloid specimens indicative for the environmental change from the early (d, e) to the late Wuchiapingian (a–c); all specimens stored in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. (a) Endolobus sp.; specimen MB.C.30223. (b) Metacoceras sp.; specimen MB.C.30224. (c) Pleuronautilus sp.; specimen MB.C.30225. (d) Permonautilus sp.; specimen MB.C.30226. (e) Domatoceras sp.; specimen MB.C.30227. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Figure 19 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 19. Polished slab of a mushroom-shaped structure of possible microbial origin, enclosed in a burrowed, partly recrystallized lime mudstone with remains of sponge spicules and small stromatolitic buildups. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Figure 16 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 16. Example of ammonoid preservation in the upper Hambast Formation. Cross section of a specimen of Paratirolites sp. from Baghuk Mountain, MB.C.22215; note the different states of preservation of shell walls and septa: a – recrystallized but rather well-preserved shell wall and septa preferably in the mid-dorsal portion of the ammonoid conch; b – dissolved shell wall but sharp demarcation of the ammonoid's internal mould from the sediment at the lower side of the ammonoid conch; c – dissolved shell wall and nearly continuous transition from the ammonoid's internal mould towards the sediment on the upper side of the ammonoid conch (from Leda et al., 2014). Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Figure 6 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 6. Columnar section of the Hambast Formation at Baghuk Mountain with correlation of the most important index horizons.

Figure 10 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 10. Slab of a marly shale within the lowermost part of the Baghuk Member with small ammonoids (possibly Arasella sp.). Baghuk Mountain C section, at +0.05 m. Scale bar units = 10 mm.

Figure 13. Characteristic conodonts from Baghuk Mountain section A in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 13. Characteristic conodonts from Baghuk Mountain section A (scale bars = 100 µm), oral and oblique views; all specimens stored in the collection of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch (IAUTNB). (a) Clarkina orientalis (Barskov and Koroleva, 1970), specimen IAUTNB#115; −8.90 m. (b) Clarkina subcarinata (Sweet in Teichert et al., 1973), specimen IAUTNB#137; −7.50 m. (c) Clarkina changxingensis (Wang and Wang, 1981), specimen IAUTNB#142; −5.00 m. (d) Clarkina deflecta (Wang and Wang, 1981), IAUTNB#189; −2.50 m. (e) Clarkina bachmanni Kozur, 2004, specimen IAUTNB#162; −3.90 m. (f) Clarkina nodosa Kozur, 2004, specimen IAUTNB#203; −2.20 m. (g) Clarkina yini Mei in Mei et al., 1998, specimen IAUTNB#215; −1.95 m. (h) Clarkina abadehensis Kozur, 2004 specimen IAUTNB#231; −0.25 m. (i) Clarkina hauschkei Kozur, 2004, specimen IAUTNB#250; −0.05 m. (j) Hindeodus parvus (Kozur and Pjatakova, 1976), specimen IAUTNB#251; +2.15 m. (k) Isarcicella staeschei Dai and Zhang, 1989, specimen IAUTNB#265; +3.75 m. (l) Isarcicella isarcica (Huckriede, 1958), specimen IAUTNB#264; +3.75 m.

Figure 2 in Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 2. Palaeogeographic position of the Baghuk Mountain area during the Permian–Triassic boundary time interval (after Stampfli and Borel, 2002).