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Supplementary material 3 from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
: Data type: phylogenetic data
Figure 5 from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
Figure 5 Biogeographic and phylogenetic expectations for a 'vicariance by erosion' scenario as hypothesized for the southern Cumberland Plateau. A–C Karst (gray) erodes and fragments over time, leading to the isolation and divergence of cave populations (colored circles) in the remaining patches of karst D A phylogeny consistent with the vicariance by erosion process, with taxa that diverge early distributed at the periphery of the eroding region.
Figure 3 from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
Figure 3 Ultrametric tree for the hirtus-group. Bayesian tree estimated from combined partial mitochondrial sequence data. Branches supported by posterior probability >0.90 are labeled with values or, for branches with posterior probability of 1.0, an asterisk. Blue bars indicate 95% confidence intervals of estimated ages for the nodes. Taxa are labeled with species name and specimen identifier (Table 1). Scale at bottom indicates divergence times in millions of years as estimated by BEAST (Drummond et al. 2012). Branch colors correspond to those in Figure 2A.
Figure 1 from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
Figure 1 Eye morphologies in Ptomaphagus. Lateral view of head capsule and compound eye or eyelets (arrowheads) of Ptomaphagus species discussed in this paper. Ptomaphaguscavernicola and P.consobrinus are macrophthalmic and were used as outgroups in this study. Ptomaphagusshapardi, the only soil-dwelling species in the hirtus-group, has reduced eyes and is considered microphthalmic. The other 17 members of the hirtus-group are extremely microphthalmic.
Figure 2B from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
Figure 2B Distribution of hirtus-group species. All known sites for members of the South Cumberlands lineage in Tennessee and Alabama. Exposed karst is shown in gray.
Figure 2A from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
Figure 2A Distribution of hirtus-group species. All known sites for hirtus-group species in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. P.shapardi sites in Oklahoma and Arkansas are indicated in upper right inset map. A dozen species from the southern Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee and Alabama are combined.
Figure 4 from: Leray VL, Caravas J, Friedrich M, Zigler KS (2019) Mitochondrial sequence data indicate "Vicariance by Erosion" as a mechanism of species diversification in North American Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) cave beetles. Subterranean Biology 29: 35-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.29.31377
Figure 4 Distribution of Ptomaphagus species on the southern Cumberland Plateau, overlaid on a digital elevation model. Higher elevations (to 500 m) are indicated by darker shades, lower elevations (to 180 m) by lighter shades. Ptomaphagus species diverging early in the South Cumberlands lineage are limited to isolated ridges and mountains on the fringes of the plateau. These species are P.loedingi (yellow), P.longicornis (dark gray), P.julius (blue), P.solanum (dark green) and P.hazelae (light blue). The colors used here correspond to those in Figure 2B.
Text-fig. 4. Praoppiella oanae MIKO et MOUREK gen. et sp. nov. (holotype). A – dorsal view of the body (notogaster largely detached from body, rostral part of prodorsum partly invaginated); B – ventral view; C – dorsal view of detached part of notogaster; D – anterior margin of notogaster as drawed before detachment from the rest of the body; E – bothridium and sensillus. Bars indicating 50 µm (for A,B, C and D, above) and 25 µm (for E, below). For explanation of acronyms see page 31. in Oribatid Mite Fossils From Quaternary And Pre-Quaternary Sediments In Slovenian Caves I.Two New Genera And Two New Species Of The Family Oppiidae From The Early Pleistocene
Text-fig. 4. Praoppiella oanae MIKO et MOUREK gen. et sp. nov. (holotype). A – dorsal view of the body (notogaster largely detached from body, rostral part of prodorsum partly invaginated); B – ventral view; C – dorsal view of detached part of notogaster; D – anterior margin of notogaster as drawed before detachment from the rest of the body; E – bothridium and sensillus. Bars indicating 50 µm (for A,B, C and D, above) and 25 µm (for E, below). For explanation of acronyms see page 31.
Text-fig. 2. Rhinoppioides quadrituberculatus MIKO gen. et sp. nov. A – rostrum; B – variation of sensillus; C – ventral view on lateral part of epimeral region; D – laterodorsal view on bothridial and sejugal area; E – ventral spines Va (drawing and micrograph of the part of ventral plate of paratype). Bars indicating 50 µm. For explanation of acronyms see page 31. in Oribatid Mite Fossils From Quaternary And Pre-Quaternary Sediments In Slovenian Caves I.Two New Genera And Two New Species Of The Family Oppiidae From The Early Pleistocene
Text-fig. 2. Rhinoppioides quadrituberculatus MIKO gen. et sp. nov. A – rostrum; B – variation of sensillus; C – ventral view on lateral part of epimeral region; D – laterodorsal view on bothridial and sejugal area; E – ventral spines Va (drawing and micrograph of the part of ventral plate of paratype). Bars indicating 50 µm. For explanation of acronyms see page 31.
Figure. Map of Georgia with main administrative divisions delimited. Shade intensity indicates the richness of mayfly species for respective administrative unit. Dots indicate localities sampled for mayflies prior to this study. in The first annotated checklist of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) of Georgia with new distribution data and a new record for the country
Figure. Map of Georgia with main administrative divisions delimited. Shade intensity indicates the richness of mayfly species for respective administrative unit. Dots indicate localities sampled for mayflies prior to this study.
Data from: A signature of dynamic biogeography: enclaves indicate past species replacement
Understanding how species have replaced each other in the past is important to predicting future species turnover. While past species replacement is difficult to detect after the fact, the process may be inferred from present-day distribution patterns. Species with abutting ranges sometimes show a characteristic distribution pattern, where a section of one species range is enveloped by that of the other. Such an enclave could indicate past species replacement: when a species is partly supplanted by a competitor, but a population endures locally while the invading species moves around and past it, an enclave forms. If the two species hybridize and backcross, the receding species is predicted to leave genetic traces within the expanding one under a scenario of species replacement. By screening dozens of genes in hybridizing crested newts, we uncover genetic remnants of the ancestral species, now inhabiting an enclave, in the range of the surrounding invading species. This independent genetic evidence supports the past distribution dynamics we predicted from the enclave. We suggest that enclaves provide a valuable tool in understanding historical species replacement, which is important because a major conservation concern arising from anthropogenic climate change is increased species replacement in the future.
Figure 6 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 6 - Actual catch of Zabrus tenebrioides in Belarus (■ – 2007) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Figure 5 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 5 - Actual catch of Harpalus honestus in Belarus (■ – 1997) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Figure 3 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 3 - Actual catch of Calosoma denticolle in Belarus (□ – 1988; ■ – 2007) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Figure 4 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 4 - Actual catch of Harpalus subcylindricus in Belarus (○ – 1988) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Genomic divergence in sympatry indicates strong reproductive barriers and cryptic species within Eucalyptus salubris
Genetic studies are increasingly detecting cryptic taxa that likely represent a significant component of global biodiversity. However, cryptic taxa are often criticized because they are typically detected serendipitously and may not receive the follow-up study required to verify their geographic or evolutionary limits. Here, we follow-up a study of Eucalyptus salubris that unexpectedly detected two divergent lineages but was not sampled sufficiently to make clear interpretations. We undertook comprehensive sampling for an independent genomic analysis (3,605 SNPs) to investigate whether the two purported lineages remain discrete genetic entities or if they intergrade throughout the species' range. We also assessed morphological and ecological traits, and sequenced chloroplast DNA. SNP results showed strong genome-wide divergence (FST=0.252) between two discrete lineages: one dominated the north and one the southern regions of the species' range. Within lineages gene flow was high, with low differentiation (mean FST=0.056) spanning hundreds of kilometres. In the central region, the lineages were interspersed but maintained their genomic distinctiveness: an indirect demonstration of reproductive isolation. Populations of the southern lineage exhibited significantly lower specific leaf area and occurred on soils with lower phosphorus relative to the northern lineage. Finally, two major chloroplast haplotypes were associated with each lineage but were shared between lineages in the central distribution. Together, these results suggest that these lineages have non-contemporary origins and that ecotypic adaptive processes strengthened their divergence more recently. We conclude that these lineages warrant taxonomic recognition as separate species and provide fascinating insight to eucalypt speciation.
Data from: The supposedly well-known carbonate indicator Tortella tortuosa (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) split into eight species in Europe
<p><span>We present a first treatment of the <em>Tortella tortuosa</em> complex for Europe</span><span>. We analysed molecular relationships based on the nuclear ITS and the plastid <em>atp</em>B-<em>rbc</em>L and <em>rps</em>4 in a network context and thereafter characterized the identified entities by their morphology. We found eight morphologically and molecularly distinct entities at the species level, which are also supported in ASAP analyses of the molecular data; one species includes two varieties. In some cases, nuclear and plastid data suggest different relationships and we found a few likely recent hybrid collections. To the main characters of taxonomic importance belong stem anatomy, leaf shape and papillosity. We describe three species as new: <em>T. commutata</em> (a widespread plant; including the new var. valida), <em>T. dolomitica</em> (known only from the Alps) and <em>T. splendida</em> (an Arctic-alpine element), replacing <em>T. arctica</em> auct. For <em>T. angustifolia</em> and <em>T. robusta</em> (both montane) new combinations at the species level are provided. Tortella bambergeri (a submediterranean element), <em>T. fleischeri</em> (an Alpine element, recurring in Scotland) and <em>T. tortuosa</em> s. str. (widespread) complete this informal group of morphologically similar and partly related species. The species differ in ecological requirements and distribution areas, although mixed stands of two or three species are frequent. The area richest in species in Europe is the Alps with all eight species, whereas we found only four from Scandinavia.</span></p>
Data from: Quantitative genetic analysis indicates natural selection on leaf phenotypes across wild tomato species (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae)
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Data from:Corruption, development and governance indicators predict invasive species risk from trade
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Data from: Multi-locus analyses indicate that Melastoma dendrisetosum, an endemic and endangered shrub in Hainan, is a distinct species
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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