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8,120 results for “Long term”
Tree survey:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
Canopy litter biomass:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
Herbaceous Vegetation Survey:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
Long-term species richness and evenness trends in response to N addition and elevated CO2 in BioCON
The data and code in this package are associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Elevated CO2 first dampens but then amplifies diversity loss due to N enrichment over 24 years". The files include 24 years of data on species cover, total aboveground biomass, species richness, evenness and environmental variables from the BioCON experiment. The complete BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and N) experiment includes 371 2 x 2 m plots in six circular 20-meter diameter rings, located at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota, USA. Plots were established on secondary successional grassland on a sandy outwash soil after removing the prior vegetation. The BioCON project includes several overlapping and nested experiments.
Tree mortality in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
FAB2_sapling_volume_2021-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
fab2_allometry_2016-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
Long-term nitrogen fertilization inhibits carbon and nitrogen loss during late stage fungal necromass decomposition depending on necromass chemistry
Fungal necromass is increasingly recognized as a key component of in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, how C and N loss from fungal necromass during decomposition are impacted by global change factors such as anthropogenic N addition and changes to soil C supply (e.g. via changing root exudation and rhizosphere priming) remains unclear and understudied relative to plant tissues. To address these gaps, we conducted a year-long decomposition experiment with four species of fungal necromass incubated across four forested sites in plots that had received inorganic N and/or labile C fertilization for decades in Minnesota, USA. We found that necromass chemistry was the primary driver of C and N loss from fungal necromass as well as response to fertilization. Specifically, N addition suppressed late-stage decomposition, but this effect was weaker in melanin-rich necromass, contrary to the hypothesis based on plant litter dynamics that N addition should suppress decomposition of more complex organic molecules. Labile C addition had no effect on either the early or late stages of necromass decomposition. Nitrogen release from necromass also varied among species, with N-poor necromass having lower N release after controlling for differences in mass loss via regression. The relatively minor effects of N fertilization on the proportion of initial necromass N released suggests that N demand by decomposers is the primary control on N loss during fungal necromass decomposition. Together, our results stress the importance of the afterlife effects of fungal chemical composition to forest soil C and N cycles. Further, they demonstrate that C and N release from this critical pool can be reduced by ongoing anthropogenic N addition.
Field survey and long-term measurements of biological, geomorphic, and hydrologic properties across ecosystem states in a non-tidal, salinizing peat marsh in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA, June 2018 - ongoing
This dataset package details a field survey and long-term measurements of biological, geomorphic, and hydrologic properties across ecosystem states found within a salinizing, non-tidal peat marsh in the coastal Everglades. There are four datasets included: FCE1250_Lamb_AltStableState_HydroGeo includes point measurements of soil surface elevation, bedrock elevation, soil depth, water depth, and porewater salinity across ecosystem states: emergent marsh (sawgrass dominated), submerged marsh (submerged aquatic vegetation), and unvegetated open water. The survey was conducted between November 2019 to January 2020. FCE1250_Lamb_AltStableState_Bio contains plot-scale (1 m^2) biological measurements from emergent marsh (sawgrass). Biological measurements (total sawgrass, average individual sawgrass biomass, and total sawgrass aboveground biomass), are inherently plot-level but geomorphic and hydrologic measurements were averaged (n = 3) for each plot. Standard deviations are provided. FCE1250_Lamb_AltStableState_Bio_LongTerm contains biological plot-scale (1 m^2) measurements at a bi-monthly timestep from Nov 2019 - July 2022 from a subset of plots (n = 9) included in the FCE_1250_Lamb_AltStableState_Bio dataset. Each bi-monthly measurement is the average value across all 9 nine plots. Standard deviations are also included. FCE_1250_Lamb_AltStableState_SETMH contains long-term measurements of soil surface elevation change and vertical accretion from surface elevation change and marker horizon plots from June 2018 - May 2023. Average and standard errors across all plots are included as well as measurements from each plot. Also included is the cumulative number of dry days based on the average soil surface elevation for all plots. Data collection for all datasets is complete, except for FCE_1250_Lamb_AltStableState_SETMH. SET-MH measurements are still ongoing.
Long-Term Aquatic Faunal Sampling via Throw Trap in Shark River Slough, Everglades, Florida, USA, 1978 – 2021
Long-term monitoring of fish communities in the Everglades using 1-m2 throw traps started in 1978 and is ongoing. Data represent the number of individuals per species collected per throw trap (i.e., individuals per square meter). From 1978-1995 sampling occurred five times per year, referred to as periods, at one plot per site and the number of throws was determined by estimates of inter-sample variance. In 1996, the spatial extent of monitoring was expanded to include additional sites and multiple plots per site. At each plot 5-7 throw trap samples were collected with sampling location within a plot being drawn from a random number table. Days since dry (DSD) are calculated as the number of days since depth was last < 5 cm using the Everglades Depth Estimation Network and in situ depth measurements. Statistical comparisons of community composition can be found in FCE1258_community_change.Rmd
Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from May 2001 to August 2009
Water samples were collected on Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cuirses approximately every three months from May 2001 through December 2006 and monthly from November 2006 to August 2009. Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate), dissolved organics (DOC, DON, DOP), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, total suspended sediment, and total particulate iron and phosphorus were measured using standard analytical methods. The concentrations of six elements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, silicon, and strontium) were also determined occasionally using elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Long-term water quality monitoring on the Altamaha River and major tributaries from September 2000 through April 2009
Water samples were collected from the Altamaha River (approximately weekly) and several tributaries (bimonthly) from September 2000 through September 2001. Samples were then collected at less frequent intervals from September 2001 through April 2009. The concentration of dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate, silicate), dissolved organics (DOC, DON, DOP) and total suspended solids were measured using standard methods. The concentrations of 20 elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sr and Zn) were also determined using elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was measured using a custom automated DIC analyzer. Total alkalinity (TA)was determined by Gran titration and pH of surface water was measured using a glass electrode.
Baseline soil chemistry data measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx)
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Soils were destructively sampled before the beginning of the experiment (March 2014) and after approximately 3 years of treatments (December 2016) and analyzed for bulk density, percent carbon, percent nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available nitrate, and available ammonium.
Soil surface temperature measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. We are measuring soil surface temperature in the plots as one of the response variables for the SALTEx project.
Green algae, cyanobacteria and diatom concentrations from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots , each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. We are measuring the abundance of benthic algae with a BenthoTorch as one of the response variables for the SALTEx project.
Continuous soil temperature measurements at 10 cm depth from 3 month-long deployments in summer and winter within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site in 2017 and 2018
To understand the influence of marsh elevation and flooding on soil temperature in Spartina alterniflora marsh, we measured soil temperature at 10 cm depth along two transects that spanned a marsh edge to interior gradient. We then associated those measurements with elevation, creek water height and vegetation characteristics. Soil temperature was logged every 15 min with a Hobo Onset Tidbit Pendant Temperature probe in Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) eddy covariance flux tower. Measurements were collected along two transects of approximately 250 m in length from 18 plots (transect 1) or 20 plots (transect 2) and over 3 sample deployments of approximately 1 month in length: 27 Jul – 31 Aug 2017 (transect 1), 8 Jan – 13 Feb 2018 (transect 1) and 23 Aug – 18 Sep 2018 (transect 2). Plot elevations along each transect were measured with a Trimble R6 RTK after probes were installed in the marsh. Creek water heights were estimated with the pressure transducer associated with the GCE-LTER eddy covariance flux tower data. Spartina alterniflora height forms were measured for each sample station during August as the mean of all stem heights within 0.25 m quadrants centered over each soil probe location. While these data are 24 hr soil temperature measurements, during all three deployments, we found that daily mean soil temperature was negatively correlated with marsh elevation on the marsh platform during low tide conditions, which represented the majority of the observations.
Long-term measurements of microbial biomass and activity at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest 1994 – ongoing
Long-term monitoring of soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations, microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, microbial respiration, potential nitrification and N mineralization rates, pH, and denitrification potential has been ongoing at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest since 1994. Samples have been collected in the Bear Brook Watershed (west of Watershed 6) beginning in 1994. In 1998, our sampling regime was extended to Watershed 1 in an effort to monitor and quantify microbial response to a whole-watershed calcium addition. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Long-term trends in abundance of Lepidoptera larvae at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and three additional northern hardwood forest sites, 1986-2022
Numbers and lengths of Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars, all species) were censused on shrub level foliage at biweekly intervals from late May/early June through late July/early August each year. Measurements were conducted on the Main bird plot in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and on three additional plots within the White Mountain National Forest from 1986-1997. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Percent cover of vegetation measured by the line-intercept method at multiple locations on long-term ecosystem transects (including nitrogen fertilization treatments) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1982-2014
This data package contains data on the average percent cover of plant species on three permanent LTER-I transects at the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) in southern New Mexico. Prior to becoming a livestock exclosure, the study site was moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. The purpose of this study was to document the vegetation changes associated with the addition of nitrogen fertilizer following nearly a century of grazing. Three permanent, parallel transects (2.7 km in length) run from the middle of the College Playa up to the foot of Mt. Summerford. The Treatment transect was treated annually with ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3 at 10g N/m2/yr) until 1987. Along each transect, 91 stations, each with a plant intercept line, are spaced at 30 meter intervals. Each plant intercept line is perpendicular to a 2.7 km transect and is 30 meters in length broken into 5 meter segments. The included dataset gives calculated average percent cover of each plant species for each of these plant intercept lines on all three LTER-I permanent transects (91 lines each). Measurements were made biannually from 1982 - 1988. After this, they are measured every 5 years. Data consists of the date, week number, transect, station number, JRN species code, USDA Plants code, species binomial, photosynthetic pathway, habit, form, and average percent cover. This study is ongoing.
Dryland soil mycobiome response to long-term precipitation variability at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2013-2019
This dataset contains data and code for the paper "Dryland soil mycobiome response to long-term precipitation variability depends on host type" published in Journal of Ecology in 2022. Data were collected at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. Soil samples were sent to the University of Georgia, for DNA extraction and sequencing, performed at the Georgia Genomics and Bioinformatics Core in Athens, GA. Sequencing data are archived at NCBI under project identifier PRJNA884111.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.