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Fig. 1. A in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 1. A. Location of Castle Bank within Wales (highlighted within UK, inset). B. Stratigraphic position within the sequence of the Builth-Llandrindod Inlier. Asterisk indicates Castle Bank locality.

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Fig. 7 in The tarphyceratid cephalopod Trocholites in the Middle-Upper Ordovician of the Prague Basin -the Baltican element in peri-Gondwana

Fig. 7. Tarphyceratid cephalopod Trocholites chaloupkai sp. nov. from Praha-Štěrboholy, central Bohemia, Czech Republic, upper part of the Zahořany Formation (lower Katian, Upper Ordovician). A. Holotype NM L 63626, general view on shell ornament (A1); SEM image of shell ornament (A2) on umbilical wall of the outer whorl, coalescent ornament elements form a net-like (fenestrate) pattern; SEM image with detail of shell ornament (A3), transverse elements have a lamellar character and are imbricated adaperturally, the elements form undulating ridges that are locally coalescent with each other.

Fig. 3 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 3. Thalassematid echiuran Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, paratype NMW.2021.3G.100. A1, overall view; A2, close up showing detail of central region of trunk, with muscle arrangement of longitudinal and oblique muscle bundles (arrowed); A3, proboscis with anterior projections arrowed, A5, close up showing reticulate structure; A4, caudal region with irregular structures possibly resulting from damage.

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Fig. 5 in The tarphyceratid cephalopod Trocholites in the Middle-Upper Ordovician of the Prague Basin -the Baltican element in peri-Gondwana

Fig. 5. Tarphyceratid cephalopod Trocholites chaloupkai sp. nov. from Praha-Štěrboholy, central Bohemia, Czech Republic, upper part of the Zahořany Formation (lower Katian, Upper Ordovician). Holotype NM L 63626, optical microscope photograph of whitened specimen in lateral view (A1); micro-CT images showing frontal (A2) and ventral (A3) views, note ventral lobe of suture line; virtual longitudinal sections in sagittal plane showing partly preserved septa in last (A4) and penultimate (A7) whorls; virtual longitudinal section in median plane (A8) showing the siphuncle and the earliest whorl of the phragmocone; virtual transverse sections in slightly eccentric (A5) and central (A6) planes documenting whorl profile shape and siphuncle.

Fig. 4 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 4. Thalassematid echiuran Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, NMW.2021.3G.101. A1, overall view of worm in probably dorsal view; A2, proboscis and midline structures; A3, detail of apex of proboscis, the anterior projections faintly visible (arrowed); A4, counterpart of A1; A5, close up of A4 showing caudal region.

Fig. 2 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 2. Recent thalassematid echiuran (A) and a fossil equivalent (B). A.?Ochetostoma sp., highlighting significant features for comparison with the fossils (photograph courtesy of Arthur Anker), typical length 10–20 cm. B. Holotype of Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, NMW.2021.3G.99 showing overall specimen in slightly oblique lateral view (B1); enlargement with anterior ventral part of trunk (B4), showing one anterior seta (white arrow) and probably second seta (black arrow); detail of proboscis in cross-polarised light (B5), showing reticulate structure and anterior projections adjacent to midline; central region of trunk with distinctive wrinkling of cuticle in response to compression (B2), and proboscis in plane-polarised light (B3), with anterior projections arrowed.

Fig. 5 in Floian, Early Ordovician, trilobites from the Olongbluk Terrane, northwest China

Fig. 5. Asaphid trilobite Zhiyia tsinghaiensis (Chang and Fan, 1960), from the middle part of the Duoquanshan Formation (upper Floian, Lower Ordovician) of Shihuigou, Delingha, northern Qinghai Province, China. A. NIGP10115, holotype, cranidium (refigured from Chang and Fan 1960: 124, pl. 6: 10). B. NIGP 203164, cranidium. C. NIGP 203165, cranidium. D. NIGP 203166, cranidium. E. NIGP 203167, librigena. F. NIGP 203168, juvenile hypostome. G. NIGP 203169, hypostome. H. NIGP 203170, pygidium. I. NIGP 203171, pygidium. J. NIGP 203172, pygidium. K. NIGP 203173, pygidium. L. NIGP 203174, pygidium. M. NIGP 203175, pygidium. N. NIGP 203176, pygidium. Scale bars: A–E, G–N 5 mm; F 2 mm.

Fig. 1 in Floian, Early Ordovician, trilobites from the Olongbluk Terrane, northwest China

Fig. 1. The Ordovician palaeogeographic units of the Qilian and Qaidam regions (modified from Zhu et al. in press) (A), location of the Shihuigou section of Delingha, north Qinghai Province (B), and photograph of the middle part of the Duoquanshan Formation at the Shihuigou section and percentage data of trilobites from the sample SHG215a (C).

Fig. 4 in Floian, Early Ordovician, trilobites from the Olongbluk Terrane, northwest China

Fig. 4. Reconstruction of the asaphid trilobite Tsaidamaspis diarmatus Chang and Fan, 1960. Not to scale.

Fig. 7 in Floian, Early Ordovician, trilobites from the Olongbluk Terrane, northwest China

Fig. 7. Pliomerid trilobite Liexiaspis sp., from the middle part of the Duoquanshan Formation (upper Floian, Lower Ordovician) of Shihuigou, Delingha, northern Qinghai Province, China. A. NIGP 203177, pygidium. B. NIGP 203178, pygidium. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 6 in Floian, Early Ordovician, trilobites from the Olongbluk Terrane, northwest China

Fig. 6. Reconstruction of the asaphid trilobite Zhiyia tsinghaiensis (Chang and Fan, 1960). Not to scale.

Fig. 2 in Floian, Early Ordovician, trilobites from the Olongbluk Terrane, northwest China

Fig. 2. Palaeogeographic map of the east Gondwana during the Floian (Early Ordovician) (modified from Torsvik and Cocks 2013, 2016; Cocks and Torsvik 2021), showing known occurrences of three genera reported from the Duoquanshan Formation.

Fig. 6 in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 6. Raphistomatid gastropod Ceratopea? moridunensis sp. nov. from the Floian, Lower Ordovician Bolahaul Member of the Ogof Hên Formation, DanlanyCastell quarry, Wales, UK. A. NMW 2017.15G.71, holotype in dorsal (A1) and near apertural (A2) views. B. NMW 2017.15G.72, silicon cast in dorsal view, showing the curvature of the aperture. C. NMW 2017.15G.73, internal mould in dorsal view, showing the flangelike peripheral carina in the early whorls. D. NMW 2017.15G.74, internal mould in dorsal view, with partially preserved distorted shell. E. NMW 2017.15G.76, natural cross section, showing the shape of the lower parts and base of the whorls. F. NMW 2017.15G.75, initial whorls in dorsal view, showing their convexity. G. NMW 2017.15G.77, uncompressed partial specimen in ventral (G1) and ventral oblique (G2) views, showing shape of ornamentation and the wrinkled appearance of comarginal bands. H. NMW 2017.15G.78, silicon cast of ventral side in ventral view (H1), ornamentation and details (H2, H3), umbilical morphology (H4). I. NMW 2017.15G.79, large partial specimen in ventral view, showing the wrinkled appearance of the ornamentation. The arrow points to a bivalve. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 2 in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 2. Carcassonellid tergomyan Carcassonnella cf. vizcainoi Horný and Peel, 1996 from the Floian, Lower Ordovician Bolahaul Member of the Ogof Hên Formation, DanlanyCastell quarry, Wales, UK. A. NMW 2017.15G.1, silicon cast, in lateral (A1), posterior oblique (A2), and ventral (A3) views. B. NMW 2017.15G.2, internal mould in lateral view. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 5 in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 5. Onychochilid mimospiridan Catalanispira prima sp. nov. from the Floian, Lower Ordovician, Bolahaul Member of the Ogof Hên Formation, DanlanyCastell quarry, Wales, UK. A. NMW 2017.15G.68, internal mould, in dorsal (A1), dorsal oblique (A2), and lateral (A3) views. B. NMW 2017.15G.67, silicon cast of the holotype in dorsal (B1) and dorsal oblique (B2) views. C. NMW 2017.15G.69, internal mould, in dorsal (C1) and anterior (C2) views, the latter shows the apertural plane oriented parallel to bedding plane. D. NMW 2017.15G.70, internal mould, in dorsal (D1), lateral (D2), and apertural (D3) views, the last shows original shape of the conch, the umbilical wall is preserved in the last whorl (arrowed). Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 1. A in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 1. A. Moridunian stratigraphy (after Fortey and Owens 1978). B–D. Simplified maps of Wales (B), the southeastern part of the country (C), and the area south of Carmarthen (D) showing the location of the study area and outcrop. E. Simplified geological map with position of the DanlanyCastell quarry (modified from Cope 1982).

Fig. 7 in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 7. Raphistomatid gastropod Ceratopea? moridunensis sp. nov. from the Floian, Lower Ordovician Bolahaul Member of the Ogof Hên Formation, DanlanyCastell quarry, Wales, UK. A. NMW 2017.15G.80; A1, overview of slab with four specimens in ventral views; A2, specimen with preserved wrinkled shell (white arrow in A1); A3, specimen (black arrow in A1) showing the flangelike peripheral carina (arrowhead). Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 4 in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 4. Clisospirid mimospiridan Mimospira llangynogensis sp. nov. from the Floian, Lower Ordovician Bolahaul Member of the Ogof Hên Formation, DanlanyCastell quarry, Wales, UK. A. NMW 2017.15G.58, holotype, laterally flattened internal mould in apertural (A1) and lateral (A2, A3) views. B. NMW 2017.15G.59, latex cast of external (B1) and internal (B2) mould. C. NMW 2017.15G.60i, ii, two specimens partly preserved as external and internal moulds (C1); counterpart of the internal mould (arrow in C1) showing its base (C2). D. NMW 2017.15G.61, silicon cast of external mould, showing ornamentation and sutures. E. NMW 2017.15G.62, internal mould, arrow points to excavated ledge along the base. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 3 in A low diversity Sinuites gastropod community from the Floian, Early Ordovician, of South Wales

Fig. 3. Sinuitid bellerophontid Sinuites ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873) from the Floian, Lower Ordovician Bolahaul Member of the Ogof Hên Formation, DanlanyCastell quarry, Wales, UK. A. NMW 2017.15G.3, deformed shell in left lateral (A1), posterior oblique (A2), and anterior oblique (A3) views. Note the twisted and compacted median sinus seen as a line in A1 and A3. B. NMW 2017.15G.4, anterolateral shield in right lateral view. C. NMW 2017.15G.5, large, slightly dorsoventrally flattened specimen in left lateral (C1) and dorsal (C2) views, showing median anterior sinus well. D. NMW 2017.15G.6, natural cross section in ventral view, showing the shape of the whorls. E. NMW 2017.15G.7, specimen in left lateral view (E1), showing the external mould of the initial whorls and the internal mould of the last whorl; details of the ornamentation as seen on the external mould (E2). Scale bars 5 mm.