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2,060 results for “Papua New Guinea”
Fig. 3 in The Taxonomy And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Species In The Bactrocera Musae Complex Of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) In Papua New Guinea
Fig. 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) ramuensis, new species.
Local and regional diversity of frog communities along an extensive rainforest elevation gradient in Papua New Guinea
<p>Rainforests on high tropical mountains are globally important species diversity hotspots. We studied amphibians along an extensive rainforest elevation gradient on Mt. Wilhelm (4,509 m) in Papua New Guinea. We established eight sites at 500 m elevation increments between 200 and 3,700 m a.s.l. and related their community composition to the known species pool of New Guinea island. We recorded 3,390 frogs from 55 species, which is three times more species than at any local community along the elevation gradient. Species diversity peaked at 1,700 m a.s.l. for Mt. Wilhelm communities, and at 500–1,100 m a.s.l. in the broader New Guinea fauna, probably reflecting increasing speciation and decreasing dispersal rates with increasing elevation. The beta diversity between frog communities was high and increased with increasing elevation. The change in frog community composition across 500 m elevation corresponded to the change over 200 km distance within lowland forests. A majority of frog species were distributed over narrow <500 m elevational ranges, at Mt Wilhelm and the New Guinea fauna more broadly. We did not detect Rapoport's pattern of wider elevation range for species at higher elevations than for lowland species, for Mt. Wilhelm communities or the New Guinea fauna. The high beta diversity patterns along elevation gradients generated by rapid species turnover with narrow elevation ranges make frog communities vulnerable to change in the environment, including climate change.</p>
Contrasting patterns of fig wasp communities along Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea
<p>The fig (Moraceae) and pollinating fig wasp (Agaonidae) mutualism is best known as a model system for the study of coevolution in plant-pollinator interactions and its central role in shaping vertebrate communities in tropical forests. Figs also host myriad antagonistic parasitic fig wasps which impose costs on both partners threatening mutualism stability. Spatio-temporal variation in parasitic wasp abundance is a key factor in mitigating these effects. Because fig wasps are temperature sensitive and likely vary in their ability to traverse environmental gradients, we expect community assemblages and abundance of both pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps to respond to changes along an elevational gradient. In the present study, we compare the fig wasp communities and the abundance of three fig species growing along the slopes of the Mount Wilhelm altitudinal gradient in Papua New Guinea. We quantified wasps from over 100 male fig trees and calculated seed sets for 55 female trees along each of the species' distribution on the transect. Our results show that the abundance of both pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps follow a mid-elevation peak, consistent with fig species richness found in the same transect. The patterns, however, are different according to the host's species distribution. The seed set remained relatively constant along the gradient for all species with some decrease along higher elevations, potentially affecting connectivity along the gradient. As suggested for insects in general, temperature and habitat diversity appear to play a fundamental role in the species richness and abundance of fig wasps.</p>
Figs 52–54 in A New Genus Of Tetragnathid Spiders From Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae)
Figs 52–54. Habitus of unknown Tetragnathidae female:
Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system
<p>Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are public health concerns in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study examines TB and HIV/AIDS mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in PNG. Method: As part of a longitudinal study, verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted using the WHO 2016 VA Instrument to collect data of 926 deaths occurred in the communities within the catchment areas of the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System from 2018-2020. InterVA-5 cause of deaths analytic tool was used to assign specific causes of death (COD). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated sociodemographic factors, estimate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidential intervals and p-values. Result: TB and HIV/AIDS were the leading CODs from infectious diseases, attributed to 9% and 8% of the total deaths, respectively. Young adults (25-34 years) had the highest proportion of deaths from TB (20%) and the risk of dying from TB among this age group was five times more likely than those aged 75+ years (OR: 5.5 [1.4-21.7]). Urban population were 46% less likely to die from this disease compared rural ones (OR: 0.54 [0.3-1.0]). People from middle household wealth quintile were three times more likely to die from TB than those in the richest quintile (OR: 3.0 [1.3-7.4]). Young adults also had the highest proportion of deaths to HIV/AIDS (18%) and were nearly seven times more likely to die from this disease compared with those aged 75+ years (OR: 6.7 [1.7-25.4]). Males were 48% less likely to die from HIV/AIDS than females (OR: 0.52 [0.3-0.9]). The risk of dying from HIV/AIDS in urban population was 54% less likely than their rural counterparts (OR: 0.46 [0.2-0.9]). Conclusion: TB and HIV/AIDS interventions are needed to target high-risk and vulnerable populations to reduce premature mortality from these diseases in PNG.</p>
FIG. 1 in Sampling the depth: New data on the Caecidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from northeastern Papua New Guinea
FIG. 1. — Map of northeastern Papua New Guinea showing the sampled stations listed in Table 1.
Table 2 in Fission track dating of obsidian source samples from the Willaumez Peninsula, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia
<p>Table 2. Results for fission track dating of Papua New Guinean obsidians.1</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th>spontaneous</th><th></th><th>induced</th><th>neutron</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>sample</th><td>ns</td><td>trackdensity</td><td>nj</td><td>trackdensity</td><td>fluence</td><td>age±</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(t)</td><td>(tcm2)</td><td>(t)</td><td>(x104tcm2)</td><td>(X1015 ncm-2)</td><td>(a)</td></tr><tr><th>Baki</th><td>11</td><td>17</td><td>2933</td><td>5.54</td><td>1.644±0.014</td><td>30198±8906</td></tr><tr><th>Kutau</th><td>15</td><td>14</td><td>7094</td><td>5.16</td><td>1.644±0.014</td><td>26707±7688</td></tr></tbody></table><p>1 ns and nj represent the number of spontaneous and induced tracks counted, respectively. The induced track density has been evaluated by means of the population subtraction method. Ages are calculated by using the following constants (Ao; = 1.551 x 1O-lOa·1, <i>238U/235U</i> = 137.88, O"f = 580.2 b, Af = 7.03 x 1O.17a-1). The thermal neutron fluence is determined from both two calibrated mica and Makrofol detectors in contact with glass dosimeters (Coming CNl, CN2) and two metallic monitors (Co, Au). All corrected ages are weighted means of values in the plateau region.</p>
Table 3 in Fission track dating of obsidian source samples from the Willaumez Peninsula, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia
<p>Table 3. Results of fission track dating of Australian obsidian samples; ns' nj+s represent the number of spontaneous and induced+spontaneous tracks being counted, respectively. See Table 2 for constants. (*) In this case the corrected age is determined by using the correction curve of sample AU602.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>spontaneous</th><th></th><th>induced</th><th>neutron</th><th></th><th>apparentheatingcorrected</th></tr><tr><th>sample</th><th>ns trackdensity (t) (x104tcm-2)</th><th>lli+s (t)</th><th>trackdensity (x105tcm-2)</th><th>fluence (X1015 ncm-2)</th><th>Ds/Di</th><th>age±0" (Ma)</th><th>hours at 140°C</th><th>age±0" (Ma)</th></tr><tr><th>Far North Queensland (FNQ)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>AU602</th><td>2533 8.17±0.16</td><td>3736</td><td>3.51 ±0.07</td><td>2.431 ±0.016</td><td>0.63 ±0.06</td><td>33.9± 1.1</td><td>60</td><td>86.9±3.8</td></tr><tr><th>AU603</th><td>1390 7.25 ± 0.19</td><td>3666</td><td>3.23 ±0.07</td><td>2.431 ± 0.016</td><td>0.54 ± 0.05</td><td>32.7 ± 1.3</td><td>(*)</td><td>88.5 ± 9.0</td></tr><tr><th>AU612</th><td>278 10.86±0.65</td><td>1002</td><td>4.13 ±0.15</td><td>2.431 ±0.016</td><td>0.68±0.07</td><td>38.2±3.2</td><td>(*)</td><td>92.3 ± 10.6</td></tr><tr><th>AU662</th><td>122 4.24±0.38</td><td>608</td><td>1.69 ±0.09</td><td>1.644 ±0.014</td><td>0.53 ±0.10</td><td>24.7 ± 3.1</td><td>70</td><td>85.5 ± 5.9</td></tr><tr><th>New South Wales (NSW</th></tr><tr><th>AUlOl</th><td>273 2.32±</td><td>0.14</td><td>8982.57</td><td>±0.092.431</td><td>±0.016</td><td>0.79±0.06</td><td>13.1</td><td>TODO</td></tr><tr><th>AUl02</th><td>95 1.48±</td><td>0.15</td><td>7602.23</td><td>±0.092.431</td><td>0.016</td><td>TODO</td><td>9.7</td><td>TODO</td></tr></tbody></table>
Fig. 21 in A New Subfamily of Spiders with Grate-shaped Tapeta from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Stiphidiidae: Borralinae)
Fig. 21 Asmea mullerensis. (a,b), male palp (holotype):
Fig. 5 in A New Subfamily of Spiders with Grate-shaped Tapeta from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Stiphidiidae: Borralinae)
Fig. 5. Jamberoo johnnoblei: (a), sheet web on log, from above (Royal National Park, NSW). (b),
Fig. 5 in Fulvius stysi, a new species of Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Papua New Guinea
Fig. 5. Fulvius
FIGURE 14 in A Review of Peroryctes broadbenti, the Giant Bandicoot of Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 14. Graphs illustrating the variable expression of male-biased sexual
Data for: Species richness and assemblages of bats along a forest elevational transect in Papua New Guinea
Over the past decades, elevational gradients have become a powerful tool with which to understand the underlying cause(s) of biodiversity. The Mt. Wilhelm elevational transect is one such example, having been used to study the birds, insects, and plants of Papua New Guinea (PNG). However, a survey of mammals from this forest elevational transect was lacking. We thus aimed to investigate patterns in the community structure and species richness of bats (Chiroptera) along the transect, link the species to available regional data, and explain the observed patterns by including environmental characteristics. Bat assemblages were surveyed between 200 m and a timberline at 3,700 m a.s.l. at eight study sites separated by 500 m in elevation. We conducted mist-netting and acoustic surveys to detect and identify species at each site. Regional data were compiled to compare local with regional diversity. Finally, biotic (i.e., food availability, habitat features) and abiotic (i.e., mean daily temperature) factors were included in our analyses to disentangle the ecological drivers underlying bat diversity. Results revealed that species richness decreases with ascending elevation and was best explained by a corresponding decrease in temperature. We observed both turnover and nestedness of the species composition at regional scale whereas turnover was dominant at local scale. Extensions and shifts of bat elevational ranges were also found in Mt. Wilhelm. Consequently, despite that the study was restricted to one mountain in PNG, it demonstrates how basic inventory surveys can be used to address ecological questions in other similar and undisturbed tropical mountains.
Figure 6 in Litoria aplini sp. nov., a New Species of Treefrog (Pelodryadidae) from Papua New Guinea
Figure 6. Map of Papua New Guinea showing the type locality of Litoria aplini.
Code for 'Reconstructing settlement histories in the Papua New Guinea Highlands through ceramic analysis and oral traditions'
<p>This dataset contains the data and code for the sherd macro-appearance model, LA-ICPMS and p-XRF analysis. The code is for R. The LA-ICPMS samples were separated using LAtools. The pXRF data was first processed with ARTAX. The ARTAX result files are provided. The XRFn.txt derives from further processing of the data in Excel. </p>
Short Course Primaquine for the Radical Cure of P. Vivax - Papua New Guinea
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05874271. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Monitoring Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax using microsatellite markers indicates limited changes in population structure after substantial transmission decline in Papua New Guinea
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Local and regional diversity of frog communities along an extensive rainforest elevation gradient in Papua New Guinea
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Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system
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Bark and ambrosia beetles on Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea
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