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Figs 1–4 in A New Species Of The Genus Chilocyrtus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae) From South Africa

Figs 1–4. Chilocyrtus propodealis, sp. n. ♀ (1–3 — holotype, 4 — paratype): 1 — lateral view of habitus; 2 — frontal view of head (carinated clypeal projection arrowed with white); 3 — lateral view of head and mesosoma (carinated clypeal projection arrowed with white); 4 — dorsal view of mandible. Scale bar 0.5 mm (habitus) and 0.1 mm (remaining views).

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Figs 5–9 in A New Species Of The Genus Chilocyrtus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae) From South Africa

Figs 5–9. Chilocyrtus propodealis, sp. n., holotype ♀; 5 — wings; 6 — dorsal view of head and mesoscutum; 7 — dorsal view of propodeum; 8 — dorsal view of first metasomal tergite; 9 — dorsal view of metasomal tergites 2–3. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

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A checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Roodeplaatdam Nature Reserve, South Africa

<p>A checklist of the spiders from the Roodeplaatdam Nature Reserve in the Gauteng Province, South Africa, is provided. The checklist was compiled South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) database. A total of 245 species from 40 families and 161 genera are presently protected in the reserve. The most species-rich families are the Salticidae (25 spp.), Thomisidae (37 spp.), and Araneidae (28 spp.), while 15 families are represented by singletons. The global distribution, endemicity, and conservation status for each species are provided. Most species (97%) have a wide distribution range and are of Least Concern, two species are Data<br>Deficient, and four species are of Special Concern. Roodeplaatdam Nature Reserve is a type locality for twelve new species.</p>

Figure 10 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 10. Specimens tentatively considered juvenile representatives of Digalodon rubidgei. RC 303 in dorsal (a) and right lateral (b) views. RC 306 in dorsal (c) and right lateral (d) views. Scale bars equal 1 cm.

Figure 9. USNM 22941, a in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 9. USNM 22941, a "large emydopoid" from Richmond considered a possible sexually dimorphic female of Digalodon rubidgei in dorsal (a), palatal (b), left lateral (c), and occipital (d) views. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

Figure 6 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 6. Photographs of B 42, a referred specimen of Digalodon rubidgei, in dorsal (a), palatal (b), right lateral (c), left lateral (d), occipital (e), and anterior (f) views. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: ae, anterior emargination of palatal rim; apr, anterior palatal ridge; co, crista oesophagea; ip, interparietal; lar, lateral anterior palatal ridge; lpf, lateral palatal foramen; pa, parietal; pla, pila antotica; ve, vertebra; vf, vascular foramen.

Figure 11 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 11. Photographs of "large emydopoid" material from the Graaff-Reinet area referable to Compsodon helmoedi. RC 641, a specimen referable to Compsodon helmoedi in dorsal (a) view. RC 736, a specimen referable to Compsodon helmoedi in dorsal (b) and right lateral (c) views. Scale bars equal 1 cm.

Figure 7 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 7. Photographs of BP/1/157, a referred specimen of Digalodon rubidgei, in dorsal (a) and left lateral (b) views. Abbreviations: cp, caniniform process; ds, tip of dentary symphysis; nb, nasal boss. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

Figure 3 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 3. Photograph (a) and interpretive drawing (b) of RC 76, the holotype of Digalodon rubidgei, in ventral view. Gray indicates matrix, hatching indicates damaged bone surface, and cross-hatching indicates plaster. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: apr, anterior palatal ridge; apt, anterior pterygoid ramus; bo, basioccipital; bt, basal tuber; co, crista oesophagea; cp, caniniform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ipv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; mpr, posterior median palatal ridge; mx, maxilla; op, opisthotic; pl, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; ps, parasphenoid; q, quadrate; qpt, quadrate pterygoid ramus; sq, squamosal; st, stapes; t, tusk; v, vomer; vf, vascular foramen.

Figure 2 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 2. RC 76, the holotype of Digalodon rubidgei, in left lateral (a, photograph; b, interpretive drawing) and right lateral (c, photograph; d, interpretive drawing) views. Gray indicates matrix, hatching indicates damaged bone surface, and cross-hatching indicates plaster. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: cp, caniniform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; la, lacrimal; lcf, lacrimal foramen; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; pa, parietal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; t, tusk; vf, vascular foramen.

Figure 8 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 8. Photograph of RC 469, a specimen referable to Digalodon rubidgei, in dorsal view. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

Figure 1 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 1. Photograph (a) and interpretive drawing (b) of RC 76, the holotype of Digalodon rubidgei, in dorsal view. Gray indicates matrix, hatching indicates damaged bone surface, and cross-hatching indicates plaster. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: f, frontal; ip, interparietal; j, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; pa, parietal; pf, pineal foramen; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, preparietal; pr, prootic; prf, prefrontal; sq, squamosal; ta, tabular.

Figure 5 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 5. Phylogenetic position of Digalodon rubidgei within Dicynodontia based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Eo. = Eodicynodon.

Figure 4 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 4. Photograph (a) and interpretive drawing (b) of RC 76, the holotype of Digalodon rubidgei, in occipital view. Gray indicates matrix, hatching indicates damaged bone surface, and cross-hatching indicates plaster. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; dn, dorsolateral notch in squamosal; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; ip, interparietal; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pe, paroccipital eminence; ptf, post-temporal fenestra; q, quadrate; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; st, stapes; ta, tabular.

Fig. 5 in Bone histology of the graviportal dinocephalian therapsid Jonkeria from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Fig. 5. Transverse section of the rib (BP/1/5409) of cf. Jonkeria sp. from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. A1, overall view of the rib showing the highly cancellous nature of the cortex; note that only the top area of the section preserves the compact cortical bone tissue. A2, A3, detail showing slight change in the tissue type around the lines of arrested growths but overall matrix is woven; note: numbers associated with arrowheads indicate lines of arrested growth (LAGs) in ascending order from the medullary region to periosteal periphery. A4, detail showing enlarged erosional cavities (inset). A5, detail showing fibrolamellar bone between lines of arrested growth. A6, detail showing dense woven matrix; note the change in the density of osteocyte lacunae around the LAG (number associated with arrowhead indicates LAG). Abbreviation: wb, woven bone. Photographs under ordinary light (A1, A3, A4, A5), and cross-polarized light with lambda compensator (A2, A6).

Fig. 2 in Bone histology of the graviportal dinocephalian therapsid Jonkeria from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Fig. 2. Transverse sections of the radius (SAM-PK-12233b) of Jonkeria parva (Boonstra, 1955) from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. A1, diaphyseal cross-section showing highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone tissue in the outer cortex and the medullary cavity filled with bony trabeculae; note: the numerous enlarged resorption cavities in the perimedullary region. A2, detail showing an annulus with lamellar bone (arrowhead). A3, detail showing extension of an annulus in the cortex (arrowhead). B1, fibrolamellar bone tissue with woven matrix in the outer cortex showing circumferential and reticular organization of the vascular canals; B2, B3, detail showing the change to a reticular organization of the vascular canals. Abbreviations: mr, medullary region; po, primary osteon; tb, trabeculae; wb, woven bone. Photographs under cross-polarized light with lambda compensator (A1–A3, B1, B2) and ordinary light (B3).

Fig. 4 in Bone histology of the graviportal dinocephalian therapsid Jonkeria from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Fig. 4. Thin section of a core of the humerus (SAM-PK-11994) of Jonkeria ingens (Broom, 1923) from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. A1, overall view of humerus showing laminar fibrolamellar bone in the outer cortex and the increasingly cancellous nature of the bone towards the medullary cavity; note: numerous enlarged resorption cavities in the perimedullary cavity, and the layer of indurated sediments at the top of the section. A2, A3, highly vascularized laminar fibrolamellar bone. A4, A5, details showing a few isolated simple longitudinal vascular canals and primary osteons. A6, A7, detail showing large resorption cavities lined by narrow deposit of lamellar bone (arrows). Abbreviations: po, primary osteons; rc, resorption cavity; wb, woven bone. Photographs under ordinary light (A1, A2, A4, A6), and cross-polarized light with lambda compensator (A3, A5, A7).

Fig. 3 in Bone histology of the graviportal dinocephalian therapsid Jonkeria from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Fig. 3. Transverse sections of the tarsal (SAM-PK-12233c) of Jonkeria parva (Boonstra, 1955) from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. A1, diaphyseal cross-section showing highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone tissue in the outer cortex and cancellous bone tissue with extensively developed bony trabeculae in the medullary cavity; note: numerous enlarged resorption cavities in the perimedullary region. A2, detail showing highly vascularized reticular FLB. A3, A4, detail showing simple longitudinal vascular canals. A5, A6, detail showing reticular vascular canals. Photographs under cross-polarized light with lambda compensator (A1–A3, A5) and ordinary light (A4, A6).

Fig. 6 in Bone histology of the graviportal dinocephalian therapsid Jonkeria from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of the rib (BP/1/5409) of cf. Jonkeria sp. from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. A1, overall view of the rib showing highly secondarily remodeled cortex; note: numerous enlarged resorption cavities. A2, detail showing woven bone and enlarged resorption spaces. Photographs under ordinary light (A1) and cross-polarized light with lambda compensator (A2).