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435 results for “Stream fish”
Pulsed supplies of small fish facilitate short-term intraguild predation in salmon-stocked streams
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Pulsed supplies of prey generally increase predator food intake. However, it is unclear whether this holds true when predators and pulsed prey are in same guild (i.e., intraguild [IG] predators and prey). IG prey may increase IG-predator food intake through predation, but they may decrease food intake through competition. To test these hypotheses, we compared the food intake of white-spotted charr (<em>Salvelinus leucomaenis</em>) (IG predator) in streams that were stocked or unstocked with masu salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus masou</em>) fry (IG prey) in streams in Hokkaido, Japan. One day after stocking, mean stomach content weight of charr was six-times higher than in unstocked streams due to fry consumption. In particular, large charr showed intense piscivory. However, predation on fry was rare on other days. Decreasing small fry may be partially responsible for the short-term occurrence of predation. In addition, acquisition of predator-avoidance behavior by fry and/or a lack of accommodation by charr to the sudden emergence of a new prey source may explain this time-limited intraguild predation. In days other than the first day post-stocking, food intake by charr did not differ between stocked and unstocked streams. No effects of interspecific competition on charr food intake were observed.</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Lazzarini Wolff L, Segatti Hahn N (2017) Fish habitat associations along a longitudinal gradient in a preserved coastal Atlantic stream, Brazil. Zoologia 34: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.12975
Figure S1. Hydrological and structural characteristics of the sampling reaches of the Vermelho River, state of Paraná, Brazil : Data type: specimens data
Supplementary material 1 from: Ávila MP, Carvalho RN, Casatti L, Simião-Ferreira J, de Morais LF, Teresa FB (2018) Metrics derived from fish assemblages as indicators of environmental degradation in Cerrado streams. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12895
Table S1. Species identity, total number of individuals and species classification according to trophic guilds and habitat use. Terins: terrestrial invertivorous; Aquins: aquatic invertivorous; Det-Per: detritivorous/periphytivorous; Pis: piscivorous; Omni: omnivorous; WC: water column; Ben: benthic; Nectb: nectobenthic; Bank: bank-dwelling species; Rheo: rheophilic. Figure S1. Species accumulation (black) and rarefaction curve (gray) based on samples. : Data type: measurement
Supplementary material 3 from: Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME (2018) Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e24262. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.24262
The longitudinal distance (upper triangular) and β- diversity (lower triangular) between sampling locations along Eagle Creek. :
Supplementary material 4 from: Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME (2018) Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e24262. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.24262
Mantel r and p-values for all the pairwise comparisons between single marker, three markers and longitudinal distance. :
Supplementary material 5 from: Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME (2018) Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e24262. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.24262
The correlation between environmental variables and β-diversity and longitudinal distance using Mantel test :
Supplementary material 1 from: Chakona A, Kadye WT, Bere T, Mazungula DN, Vreven E (2018) Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion. ZooKeys 768: 69-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.21944
Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion : Explanation note: Locality information, sample size, BOLD and GenBank accession numbers for mitochondrial COI sequences, and the candidate species identified in Amphilius natalensis, A. uranoscopus, Chiloglanis neumanni, Hippopotamyrus ansorgii and Zaireichthys monomotapa from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion.
Supplementary material 1 from: Lazzarini Wolff L, Segatti Hahn N (2017) Fish habitat associations along a longitudinal gradient in a preserved coastal Atlantic stream, Brazil. Zoologia 34: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.12975
Figure S1. Hydrological and structural characteristics of the sampling reaches of the Vermelho River, state of Paraná, Brazil : Data type: specimens data
FIG. 6. Stream temperatures from one East Fork site and two West Fork sites measured 15 January 2020 through 15 February 2020 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
FIG. 6. Stream temperatures from one East Fork site and two West Fork sites measured 15 January 2020 through 15 February 2020. East Fork site temperature is represented by a solid gray line, and temperatures from West Fork sites are represented by a black dotted line for the WWTP "outfall" and a black dashed line for the further downstream site.
FIG. 3 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
FIG. 3. nMDS based on Bray-Curtis similarity, depicting fish assemblage relationships among all study sites (West Fork: black triangles represent individual sites and the dark shaded hull encompasses sites; East Fork: gray circles represent individual sites and the light shaded hull encompasses sites). Upper panel depicts relationships among all 26 summer samples; lower panel depicts relationships among all summer samples and the four sites revisited during the following winter. Sites revisited are labeled ending with "w."
FIG. 2 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
FIG. 2. Rarefied species richness within both the East and West Forks. Solid lines represent interpolation of species accumulation and dashed lines represent extrapolation of species richness if additional individuals were to be captured (gray ¼ East Fork; black ¼ West Fork). The black triangle represents observed species richness in the West Fork, and the gray circle represents observed richness in the East Fork. 95% confidence intervals are depicted for both accumulation curves.
FIG. 5 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
FIG. 5. Principal component analyses illustrating abiotic relationships among sites in both the East and West Forks. Upper panel depicts the abbreviated dataset (i.e., only includes the 13 sites where all abiotic variables were collected). Measures of depth and % gravel best explained variation represented by PC1 (i.e., values increase towards the positive), and discharge and % pebble explained variation represented by PC2. Lower panel depicts substrate relationships among all 26 sites. PC1 explains variation in % gravel and % cobble among sites, whereas PC2 explains variation in % pebble and further % gravel variation among sites. For both panels, West Fork sites are represented by black triangles and are encompassed by the dark shaded hulls and East Fork sites are represented by gray circles and are encompassed by the lighter shaded hulls.
FIG. 1. Map depicting the 26 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
FIG. 1. Map depicting the 26 sites sampled in the East (n ¼ 10, gray circles) and West (n ¼ 16, black circles) Forks of the Niangua River during the study. The three circles with X's represent the sites where temperature loggers were deployed, and the WWTP outfall is located immediately south of W1 (right). Map inset (upper left) depicts the location of Missouri in the U.S., and inset (lower left) shows the location of the upper Niangua River drainage in Missouri.
FIG. 4 in Impacts of Wastewater Effluent on Temperate Stream Fish Assemblage Structure
FIG. 4. Relationships between abundance of C. bairdii (per site) and upstream site distances (km) from the lower confluence (with the Niangua River proper). West Fork sites are depicted with black triangles, and East Fork sites are depicted as gray circles. Linear trend lines show relationships in each fork and further illustrate findings from ANCOVA.
Fish Diversity and Assemblages along the Altitudinal Gradients of Ghamot National Park Forest Streams the State Biosphere-Reserve Neelum Valley, Pakistan
<p>Fish Diversity and Assemblages along the Altitudinal Gradients of <br>Ghamot National Park Forest Streams the State Biosphere-Reserve <br>Neelum Valley, Pakistan </p>
Data from: Impacts of deforestation-induced warming on the metabolism, growth, and trophic interactions of an afrotropical stream fish
1. In ectotherms, anthropogenic warming often increases energy requirements for metabolism, which can either impair growth (when resources are limiting) or lead to higher predator feeding rates and possibly stronger top-down trophic interactions. However, the relative importance of these effects in nature remains unclear because: 1) thermal adaptation or acclimation could lower metabolic costs; 2) greater prey production at warmer temperatures could compensate for higher predator feeding rates; and/or 3) temperature effects on trophic interactions via altered biological rates could be small relative to other, temperature-unrelated human impacts on food webs. 2. Here, we examined effects of deforestation-associated warming on the minnow Enteromius neumayeri, occurring in both forested (cool) and deforested (warm) streams located inside or nearby an afrotropical rainforest. Combining approaches from physiological and community ecology, we quantified impacts of anthropogenic warming on the metabolism, growth, and trophic interactions of this tropical ectotherm. We then compared these effects with impacts of land use unrelated to temperature. 3. In a long-term laboratory acclimation experiment quantifying the temperature-dependence of growth and metabolism in E. neumayeri, warming increased metabolic rates and decreased growth (at a limited ration). We found no evidence of local (thermal) adaptation, with warming affecting farm and forest populations similarly. 4. Then, using mark-recapture methods to quantify impacts of warming on performance in situ, we found similar growth rates in fish from deforested and forested streams despite their distinct thermal environments. This suggests higher prey consumption at deforested sites to compensate for greater metabolic costs, which could strengthen fish-invertebrate interactions. 5. Finally, we developed a bioenergetics model to estimate fish-invertebrate interaction strength and quantify temperature-related and unrelated impacts of land use on this interaction. We found that although warming increased fish consumption, it apparently increased invertebrate production even more and thus had a net weakening effect on estimated interaction strength. Most importantly, variation in both fish and invertebrate density not directly related to temperature had a much stronger influence on estimated interaction strength than temperature effects on predator consumption and prey growth. 6. We conclude that ectotherms can sometimes offset the metabolic costs of warming with a small increase in consumption that hardly effects food web interactions compared to non-metabolic impacts of anthropogenic disturbances. Future research should assess whether this is a common feature of heavily-impacted ecosystems facing multiple stressors.
Data from: Disentangling the pathways of land use impacts on the functional structure of fish assemblages in Amazon streams
Agricultural land use is a primary driver of environmental impacts on streams. However, the causal processes that shape these impacts operate through multiple pathways and at several spatial scales. This complexity undermines the development of more effective management approaches, and illustrates the need for more in-depth studies to assess the mechanisms that determine changes in stream biodiversity. Here we present results of the most comprehensive multi-scale assessment of the biological condition of streams in the Amazon to date, examining functional responses of fish assemblages to land use. We sampled fish assemblages from two large human-modified regions, and characterized stream conditions by physical habitat attributes and key landscape-change variables, including density of road crossings (i.e. riverscape fragmentation), deforestation, and agricultural intensification. Fish species were functionally characterized using ecomorphological traits describing feeding, locomotion, and habitat preferences, and these traits were used to derive indices that quantitatively describe the functional structure of the assemblages. Using structural equation modeling, we disentangled multiple drivers operating at different spatial scales, identifying causal pathways that significantly affect stream condition and the structure of the fish assemblages. Deforestation at catchment and riparian network scales altered the channel morphology and the stream bottom structure, changing the functional identity of assemblages. Local deforestation reduced the functional evenness of assemblages (i.e. increased dominance of specific trait combinations) mediated by expansion of aquatic vegetation cover. Riverscape fragmentation reduced functional richness, evenness and divergence, suggesting a trend toward functional homogenization and a reduced range of ecological niches within assemblages following the loss of regional connectivity. These results underscore the often-unrecognized importance of different land use changes, each of which can have marked effects on stream biodiversity. We draw on the relationships observed herein to suggest priorities for the improved management of stream systems in the multiple-use landscapes that predominate in human-modified tropical forests.
Data: Diversity-production relationships of fish communities in freshwater stream ecosystems
<p>Ecological relationships between species richness and biomass production are increasingly thought to be pervasive across the globe. Yet diversity-production relationships have not been explored extensively for freshwater fish communities even though fisheries production provides key services to humans. Our aim was to evaluate the diversity-production relationship for fish communities inhabiting freshwater streams across the Appalachian Mountain range and examine how diversity-production relationships varied across streams possessing different thermal signatures. Our study area included 25 freshwater stream ecosystems spanning from Vermont to North Carolina in the United States. Twenty sites were located in Maryland south to Tennessee and North Carolina while five additional higher latitude sites were sampled in Massachusetts and Maine. We sampled 25 study streams from June to September 2012 and collected fish population information to calculate biomass, species richness, Shannon diversity index, and annual production for each fish community. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationship between diversity indices and total community production. We also compared diversity and production relationships across other taxa. Across all streams, community fish production, biomass and P/B ratios ranged 0.15-6.79 g m<sup>2 </sup>y<sup>1</sup>, 0.61-0.73 g m-2, and 0.21-1.07 y<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Species richness had a significant positive effect (p = 0.012) on community fish production, while accounting for the thermal signature of the streams as a random effect and other habitat covariates. Shannon diversity index did not have a significant effect (p = 0.101) on community production. The diversity-production relationship observed for stream fish communities was similar to other studies but demonstrated one of the highest slopes. Our results demonstrate that effects of biodiversity resonate to influence the production of fishes; thus, management of fisheries is more closely coupled to biodiversity than previously thought.</p>
Elements of fish metacommunity structure in Neotropical freshwater streams
<p>The identification of the mechanisms underlying co-occurrence patterns of species is a way to identify which processes (niche, neutral or both) structure metacommunities. In this paper, our goals are to identify patterns of co-occurrence in neotropical stream fish and determine which processes structure the metacommunity and the gradients that underlie this structure. Our results pointed out that the metacommunity formed by the total pool of species is structured by a nested pattern (Hyperdispersed Species Loss) of co-occurrence and the mass effect mechanism. On the other hand, a set of core species displays a Clementisian pattern and is structured by the species sorting mechanism. Both, hyperdispersed species loss and the Clementisian patterns point to a discrete set of communities in the metacommunity. These communities could be isolated by physicochemical conditions, or physical barriers, like dams or waterfalls.</p>
Size matters, but species do not: no evidence for species-specific swimming performance in co-occurring Great Basin stream fishes
<p>For fishes, swimming performance is an important predictor of habitat use and a critical measure for the design of effective fish passage systems. Few studies have examined burst and prolonged types of swimming performance among several co-occurring species, and swimming performance in many fish communities is undocumented. In this study, we characterize both burst (c-start velocity) and prolonged speed (critical swim speed) across a poorly documented, co-occurring group of stream fishes within the Great Basin of the western USA. We documented the variation in swim speed associated with species, habitat, and body size. Body size had an overwhelming effect on both burst speed and prolonged speed, whereas habitat use, and species identity were not significant predictors. Among species, there is no evidence of a trade-off between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed. Lack of a trade-off in performance between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed among species may be due to unexpectedly high prolonged swim speeds exhibited by species that used substrate bracing behaviors. Incorporating body size and variation in behavior, such as substrate bracing behaviors, into fish passage models will likely be sufficient to ensure passage of all species without the need to account for species-specific swimming abilities. However, these results characterize the swimming performance for threatened and common fish species such that other comparisons can be made and species-specific studies can access accurate data.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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