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1,140 results for “TOPS”
Data from: Cross ocean-basin population genetic dynamics in a pelagic top predator of high conservation concern, the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus
<p>The oceanic whitetip shark, <em>Carcharhinus longimanus</em>, is a Critically Endangered, circumtropical, and highly migratory, pelagic shark. Yet, little information exists on its population genetic dynamics to guide conservation management practice. We present a first worldwide, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA assessment of the population genetic status of this imperiled species based on sequences of the complete mitochondrial control region (n = 173) and partial ND4 gene (n = 172), and genotypes from 12 nuclear microsatellites (n = 164). Statistically significant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA population genetic differentiation was detected across all marker datasets between Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceanic whitetip sharks. Additionally, our data, combined with previously published, partial (701-base pairs) mitochondrial control region sequences from additional locations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, confirmed significant matrilineal population structure between the Western and Eastern Atlantic. The combined data also provisionally (i.e., with <em>F</em><sub>ST </sub>but not Φ<sub>ST</sub>) indicated differentiation between Western North and Central-South Atlantic sharks, pointing to the need for further assessment in this region. Matrilineal differentiation was also detected between Indian and Pacific Ocean sharks via pairwise analyses, albeit with the ND4 gene sequence only (Φ<sub>ST</sub> = 0.051; F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.092). Limited sampling in the Pacific leaves open questions about the connectivity dynamics in this large region. Despite the presence of geographic population genetic structure, the mitochondrial data showed no evidence of across ocean basin phylogeographic lineages. A provisional assessment of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity indicated the oceanic whitetip shark's status falls in the middle to upper ranges compared to other shark species, potentially lending some optimism for the present adaptability and resiliency of this species if strong conservation measures are effectively implemented.</p>
CH4 top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions.
<p>This dataset contains top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions (the North Slope of Alaska, the East Siberian Lowlands and the Taymyr Peninsula) using three different priors. Emissions were used in the publication "Ward et al., 2024 - Increasing methane emissions and widespread cold-season release from high-Arctic regions detected through atmospheric measurements" in review with JGR:Atmospheres. </p> <p>Top-down emissions were derived using the RHIME inverse model from the University of Bristol's Atmopsheric Chemistry Research Group. For more details on the model, inputs and region definitions please see the above publication.</p>
Fourier transformed infrared reflectance (FTIR) spectra of peat soils collected from the top and bottom of peatland erosion gullies
<p>Peat soil was randomly collected from gullies within two eroding blanket bogs. Balmoral (BAM) is on a large high-altitude plateau blanket bog in the eastern part of the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland, UK (56.93° N, − 3.16° E, 642 m asl) and Glensaugh (GSA) is an upland livestock farm with sections of and blanket bog peatland in the Grampian foothills (56.55° N, 2.33° E, 412 m asl). Both sites have undergone extensive degradation and peat erosion, and both have, in some parts, recently undergone restoration practices, including bunding and reprofiling.</p> <p>Peat samples were collected at Glensaugh and Balmoral as follows. At Glensaugh, peat at the top 1 cm of exposed gully sides (approximately 10-20cm from the vegetated surface) and at the gully bottom were taken, air dried and passed on for FTIR analysis. These gullies correspond to four erosion pin measurement areas and their corresponding peat sediment trap areas at Glensaugh. At Balmoral, the same approach was taken except six ‘gully top’ and ‘gully bottom’ sites were randomly selected and not geographically paired in the same way at Glensaugh.</p> <p>Samples were air dried and finely ball milled, prior to FTIR analysis. FTIR spectra were recorded using a Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR spectrometer (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) and OPUS 7.2 software. To record the FTIR spectra, each of the samples were placed, in turn, on a Diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance (DATR) sampling accessory, with a single reflectance system. Data points in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 were recorded with a resolution of 4 cm-1 and average of 64 scans. A spectrum of the empty sampling accessory, with the same resolution and number of scans, was recorded as the background spectrum before each measurement. </p> <p>Since the penetration depth for the DATR accessory is different for each wavelength and is directly proportional to the wavelength of the incident light (The higher the wavenumber the lower the penetration), an ATR correction was applied to the spectra to correct this effect, using the OPUS software. No correction was required for water vapour and CO2 as the spectrometer is continuously purged with dry air.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the dataset, columns correspond to the following:</p> <p>Site: Balmoral or Glensaugh</p> <p>Gully Position: Top or bottom</p> <p>Gully Number: Replicate gullies within the site</p> <p>Sample date: Date</p> <p>Sample ID: Unique identifier</p> <p>Remaining columns: Reflectance at a given wavelength</p>
Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis for Top 250 Marine Aquarium Fish Supplemental Information
<p>Data storage for supplemental information, containting the full dataset, a summarized dataset, and comparing vulnerability scores between FishBase and our Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis. </p>
Data from: Africa's overlooked top predator: towards a better understanding of martial eagle feeding ecology in the Maasai Mara, Kenya
<p>Raptors exert top-down influences on ecosystems via their effects on prey population dynamics and community composition. Most raptors are sympatric with other predators, thus complicating our understanding of their relative influence in these systems. Estimates of kill rates and prey biomass recycling have been used as predation metrics that allow quantitative comparison among species and assessment of the relative role of single species within complex food webs. Few studies have produced findings of kill rates or prey biomass recycling for raptors. We used a supervised machine learning algorithm to behaviourally classify high resolution accelerometer informed GPS locations of tagged adult non-breeding martial eagles <em>Polemaetus bellicosus</em> in the Maasai Mara region of Kenya to estimate kill rates and prey biomass recycling. Eagle locations classified as feeding were clustered using distance and time thresholds to identify kills and calculate kill rates. Identified kill sites were quickly ground-truthed to confirm kills and identify prey species. We estimated kill rates for martial eagles at 0.59 kills/day for males and 0.38 kills/day for females, and we estimated biomass recycling per ground-truthed kill at 1796 g for males and 3860 g for females. From our sample of identified ground-truthed kills, "gamebirds" was the most frequently recorded prey category for male eagles and "small ungulates" was the most frequently recorded prey category for female eagles. These results position martial eagles close to sympatric mammalian top predators in trophic pyramids and provide evidence for their classification as a top predator.</p>
Infrequent oceanic long-range dispersal and evolution of a top terrestrial arthropod predator in the sub-Antarctic
<p>The UNESCO world heritage sub-Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are unique. They have been isolated for over 30 million years by constant circum-polar currents and winds, and shaped by climatic cycles that surpass the tolerance limits of many species. Despite this recognition, surprisingly little is known about how these ecosystems acquired their native terrestrial fauna and how it changed over deep time scales. Here the patterns and timing of colonization and speciation in the largest and dominant arthropod predators in the Eastern sub-Antarctic – spiders of the genus Myro – are demonstrated for the first time. Our results indicate that this lineage originated from Australia before the Plio-Pleistocenic glacial cycles and underwent an adaptive radiation on the Crozet archipelago. We discuss the gain and loss of pre-adaptations acting as filter that enabled only one of four Myro species native to the Crozet islands to repeatedly disperse via the Antarctic circum-polar current, resulting in an outstanding distribution range over 9000 kilometres. The results highlight the outstanding role of the volcanic Crozet archipelago for the evolution of arthropod life in the sub-Antarctic, and the potential of terrestrial macro-invertebrates to achieve rare but ecologically influential trans-oceanic dispersal events over thousands of kilometres under hostile conditions.</p>
Validation of the UK'37 paleotemperature proxy in the South Brazilian Bight from core-top sediments
<p>Alkenone unsaturation index, water depth temperature, and nutrient concentration from the South Brazilian Bight (SBB). Temperature and nutrient content were retrieved from the World Ocean Atlas 2018. Residual analyses were performed using six paleoequations against observed temperature from WOA18. The PCA analysis was performed using alkenone unsaturation index, temperature, and nutrient data from each data point.</p>
The data to create figures in (Sulfur Dioxide Distribution at the Venusian Cloud-top Retrieved from Akatsuki UV Images).
<p>The data to create figures.</p>
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Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Sustainability: The Moderating Role of Top Management Commitment
<table align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Design/Methodology/Approach:</strong> We used the non-probability sampling technique by employing convenience sampling for data collection. By employing a survey questionnaire, data were collected from 397 employees of SMEs in Ghana. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 and IBM's Analysis of Moments of Structures (AMOS) version 24 software packages were employed as analytical tools in this investigation.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Multiple parasitoid species enhance top-down control, but parasitoid performance is context-dependent
<ol> <li>Ecological communities are composed of many species, forming complex networks of interactions. Current environmental changes are altering community composition. We thus need to identify which aspects of species interactions are primarily driven by community structure and which by species identity to predict changes in the functioning of communities. Yet, this partitioning of effects is challenging and thus rarely explored.</li> <li>Here we disentangled the influence of community structure and the identity of co-occurring species on the outcome of consumer-resource interactions using a host-parasitoid system.</li> <li>We used four community modules that are common in host-parasitoid communities to represent community structure (i.e., host-parasitoid, exploitative competition, alternative host, and a combination of both exploitative competition and alternative host). We assembled nine different species combinations per community module in a laboratory experiment using a pool of three <em>Drosophila </em>hosts and three larval parasitoid species. To investigate the potential mechanisms at play, we compared host suppression and parasitoid performance across community modules and species assemblages.</li> <li>We found that multiple parasitoid species enhanced host suppression due to sampling effect, weaker interspecific than intraspecific competition between parasitoids, and synergism. However, the effects of community structure on parasitoid performance were species-specific and dependent on the identity of co-occurring species. Consequently, multiple parasitoid species generally strengthen top down-control, but the performance of the parasitoids depends on the identity of either the co-occurring parasitoid species, the alternative host species, or both. </li> </ol>
Alexa top 240 sites
<p>The Alexa top 240 sites for reproducing results from "FlexHTTP: An Intelligent and Scalable HTTP Version Selection System. EuroMLSys'22"</p>
NASA TOPS FAIR Pinwheel
<p>NASA Pinwheel based on the FAIR (findable, accessible, inclusive, and reproducible)</p>
Top of Atmospheric Reflectance (ToA) Landsat 8 OLI
<p>The data set presented here are the Top of Atmopsheric reflectance (ToA) images calculated from the Landsat 8 OLI level 2. covering path : 147 and row:47 for the cloud free images captured during year 2016. The ToA is converted from the digital numbers using Semi-Automatic Classification plugin of QGIS. The data can be readily used for the classification and feature extraction as per the use of the research. The dataset includes all the visible and near infrared bands of the Landsat (B1 to B7 Bands).. </p>
Training and test data, plus saved models for the paper "Top-down effects in an early visual cortex inspired hierarchical Variational Autoencoder" submitted to the SVRHM 2022 Workshop @ NeurIPS
<p>Each .pkl file contains a training or test dataset in the form of a Python dictionary (generated with Python 3.8.5) with the following fields:</p><ul><li>'train_images': 640,000 float32 images used for model training. 20px images contain 400 pixel intensities, 40px images contain 1600 pixel intensities each.</li><li>'train_labels': float32 labels for each image in 'train_images'. All natural images are labeled with 0.0. Texture images are labeled with 0.0, 1,0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0, according to their texture family.</li><li>'test_images': 64,000 float32 images used for model testing. 20px images contain 400 pixel intensities, 40px images contain 1600 pixel intensities each.</li><li>'test_labels': float32 labels for each image in 'test_images'. All natural images are labeled with 0.0. Texture images are labeled with 0.0, 1,0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0, according to their texture family.</li></ul><p>Each .zip file contains a saved model. Details on these are coming soon.</p><p>For more details, see the paper "Top-down effects in an early visual cortex inspired hierarchical Variational Autoencoder" published at the SVRHM 2022 Workshop @ NeurIPS (<a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=8dfboOQfYt3">link</a>).</p>
Monitoring genetic diversity with new indicators applied to an alpine freshwater top predator
<p><span>Genetic diversity is the basis for population adaptation and long-term survival, yet rarely considered in biodiversity monitoring. One key issue is the need for useful and straightforward indicators of genetic diversity. We monitored genetic diversity over 40 years (1970-2010) in metapopulations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting 27 small mountain lakes representing 10 lake systems in central Sweden using >1200 fish per time point. We tested six newly proposed indicators; three were designed for broad, international use in the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD and are currently applied in several countries. The other three were recently elaborated for national use by a Swedish science-management effort and applied for the first time here. The Swedish indicators use molecular genetic data to monitor genetic diversity within and between populations (indicators ΔH and ΔFST, respectively) and assess the effective population size (Ne-indicator). We identified 29 genetically distinct populations, all retained over time. Twelve of the 27 lakes harbored more than one population indicating that brown trout biodiversity hidden as cryptic, sympatric populations are more common than recognized. The Ne indicator showed values below the threshold (Ne≤500) in 20 populations with five showing Ne<100. Statistically significant genetic diversity reductions occurred in several populations. Metapopulation structure appears to buffer against diversity loss; applying the indicators to metapopulations suggest mostly acceptable rates of change in all but one system. The CBD indicators agreed with the Swedish ones but provided less detail. All these indicators are appropriate for managers to initiate monitoring of genetic biodiversity.</span></p>
Proximate Chemical Analyses of Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF), Common House Cricket Frass (CHCF), and NPK 15:15:15 Granulated Slow-Release Fertilizers, Universiti Sains Malaysia Plant House Top Soil, and all Post-harvest Soils of applied Fertilizers.
<p>Proximate Chemical Analyses of Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF), Common House Cricket Frass (CHCF), and NPK 15:15:15 Granulated Slow-Release Fertilizers, Universiti Sains Malaysia Plant House Top Soil, and all Post-harvest Soils of applied Fertilizers. </p>
Supplementary Data for "Adoption of Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines across journals"
<p>Supplementary data for: https://zenodo.org/record/7129250</p>
Spotify Top 50 European Countries
Top 50 tracks data from european countries
Spotify Top 50 European Countries
Top 50 tracks data from european countries
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.