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Figure 7 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 7. Lateral view (about 2¥) of adult crania of the three species of the Praomys delectorum group (same specimens as illustrated in Fig. 6): A, P. delectorum; B, P. melanotus; C, P. taitae.
Figure 10 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 10. Distributions of the three species of the Praomys delectorum group based on specimens documented herein (see species accounts). The patchy occurrence of Praomys across this region is closely linked to equally patchy associations of wet montane forest (areas shaded pale grey, as extracted from World Wildlife Fund Ecoregions, USGS Digital Atlas of Africa).
Figure 8 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 8. Dorsal (left set) and ventral (right set) views of adult round skins (about 0.5¥), illustrating 'typical' pelage patterns of the three species of the Praomys delectorum group recognized here: AA′, P. delectorum (FMNH 181237; Total Length = 223 mm), a male from Chisongeli Forest, Mt Mulanje, 1575 m, Malawi; BB′, P. melanotus (FMNH 205299; Total Length = 234 mm), a male from Ngozi Crater, Poroto Mts, 2250 m, Tanzania; CC′, P. taitae (FMNH 150346; Total Length = 240 mm), a male from 4.5 km ESE of Amani, East Usambara Mts, 900 m, Tanzania.
Figure 5 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 5. Cluster diagram (UPGMA) based on average Mahalanobis distances between the 21 OTU centroids as derived from discriminant function analysis (coefficient of cophenetic correlation = 0.938; also see Fig. 4). Bootstrap values are indicated for those nodes that were consistently defined (± 70%, 1000 iterations); mountain system and OTU identifier are indicated for each terminal OTU; species recognized herein are identified for those stems that subtend major geographical associations among the analytical samples.
Figure 6 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 6. Dorsal (top row) and ventral (bottom row) views (about 2¥) of adult crania of the three species of the Praomys delectorum group recognized here: A, P. delectorum (FMNH 181214; ONL = 29.0 mm), a male from Lichenya Hut, Mt Mulanje, 1840 m, Malawi; B, P. melanotus (FMNH 163682; ONL = 29.9 mm), a female from 5 km east of Ilolo, Rungwe Forest Reserve, Mt Rungwe, 1870 m, Tanzania; C, P. taitae (FMNH 153979; ONL = 28.7 mm), a male from 3 km east and 0.7 km north of Mhero, Chome Forest Reserve, South Pare Mts, 2000 m, Tanzania.
Figure 4 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 4. Three scatter plots depicting results of discriminant function analysis performed on 18 log-transformed craniodental variables, as measured on 541 intact adult specimens representing 21 OTUs of the Praomys delectorum complex. A, projection of individual specimen scores onto the first two canonical variates (CV) extracted. B, projection of centroids for the 21 OTUs onto the first two canonical variates (see Material and Methods for general locality and sample sizes; bars indicate ± 1 standard error of the mean for a sample centroid); OTU numbers 1–15 are placed approximate to the entire cluster in view of the extensive overlap and visual congestion among those analytical samples. C, multivariate disposition of the four type specimens entered as unknowns and based on a posteriori classification using the discriminant function coefficients; confidence envelopes represent 1 standard deviation around a grand centroid and enclose approximately 68% of specimen scores for each. See Table 4 for variable correlations and variance explained.
Figure 3 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 3. Two scatter plots depicting results of 18 log-transformed craniodental variables as measured on 155 intact specimens representing samples from the Udzungwa Mts (OTU 15) and regions of the type localities of Praomys melanotus (OTUs 16–18) and P. taitae (OTU 1). The factor scores of the type specimens of melanotus and taitae are indicated by small crosses; see Table 3 for variable correlations and variance explained. A, projection of unrotated specimen scores onto the first and second principal components (PC) extracted; major axes of the species constellations and regression statistics are indicated (see text for discussion). Specimens from the Udzungwa Mts, a locality which Allen & Loveridge (1933) had allocated to their new species melanotus, are aligned with examples of P. taitae. B, projection of specimen scores, after varimax rotation, onto the first and second principal components (PC) extracted. Reorientation of major axes of the species constellations maximizes age variation along PC I, whereas taxon differences are consolidated mostly along PC II (see text for discussion).
Figure 1 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 1. Mountainous regions of East Africa inhabited by populations of the Praomys delectorum complex, covering an area approximately 2–17°S by 30–41°E. Type localities are illustrated for the four species-group taxa currently assigned to Praomys delectorum: delectorum Thomas, 1910 (Malawi, Mulanje Plateau, 1675 m); melanotus Allen & Loveridge, 1933 (Tanzania, Poroto Mountains, Nyamwanga, 1950 m); octomastis Hatt, 1940 (Tanzania, Old Mbulu Reserve, 1829 m); taitae Heller, 1912 (Kenya, Taita Hills, Mount Mbololo, 1524 m). The Eastern Arc Mountains (sensu Wasser & Lovett 1993) are those disconnected ranges in Tanzania and southern Kenya that trend in a north-eastern direction from the Makambako Gap, including the Udzungwa Mountains through the Taita Hills.
Figure 2 in Species limits within the Praomys delectorum group (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) of East Africa: a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications
Figure 2. Two scatter plots depicting results of principal component analysis of 18 log-transformed craniodental variables as measured on 157 intact specimens representing samples of delectorum (OTUs 20, 21) and melanotus (OTUs 16–19). The factor scores of the type specimens of delectorum and melanotus are indicated by small crosses; see Table 2 for variable correlations and variance explained. A, projection of unrotated specimen scores onto the first and second principal components (PC) extracted; major axes of the species constellations and regression statistics are indicated (see text for discussion). Individuals from the Misuku Mts (OTU 19), northern Malawi, which systematists have inconsistently treated as geographical representatives of delectorum or melanotus, are interspersed among examples of the latter species. B, projection of specimen scores, after varimax rotation, onto the first and second principal components (PC) extracted. Reorientation of major axes of the species constellations maximizes age variation along PC I, whereas taxon differences are consolidated mostly along PC II (see text for discussion).
Data from: A new tealliocaridid crustacean from the Late Carboniferous of North China and its biogeographic implications
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Data from: Species delimitation in fungal endophyte diversity studies and its implications in ecological and biogeographic inferences
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Data from: A molecular phylogeny of Staphyleaceae: implications for generic delimitation and classical biogeographic disjunctions in the family
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FIG. 2. — A-I in Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications
FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio & De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas & De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm.
FIG. 1 in Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications
FIG. 1. — Geological map showing the locations of the five sites with Icacinaceae remains in the Paris Basin. Light Grey, Cenozoic; Grey, Upper Cretaceous; Dark grey, Lower Cretaceous. Modified from "Synthèse géologique du Bassin de Paris" (Mégnien 1980).
FIG. 5 in Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications
FIG. 5. — Icacinicaryites sp. (MNHN.F.44741): A, lateral view; B, dorsal view showing the keel; C, other lateral view; D, apical view; E, basal view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 4. — A, B in Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications
FIG. 4. — A, B, Iodes sp. (MNHN.F.8100): A, lateral view of the endocast; B, vascular bundle embedded on the endocarp wall (arrow); C, Palaeophytocrene sp. (MNHN.F.8061), lateral view. Scale bars: A-C, 5 mm; B, 1 mm.
FIG. 3. — A-E in Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications
FIG. 3. — A-E, Iodes tubulifera Del Rio, Thomas & De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44738): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of sharp ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, apical view showing the small pair of horns (arrows); E, basal view. F-I, MNHN.F.44740; F, lateral view of the endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of sharp ridges; G, SEM view of the endocarp wall units and ridges in transversal section; H, SEM view of tubular papillae; I, same with magnification. Scale bars: A-F, 5 mm; G-H, 500 µm; I, 30 µm.
Figure 14 in Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications
Figure 14. Geographical distribution of Macropyxis and Macrosarisa species studied herein.
Figure 2 in Filling Linnean shortfalls increases endemicity patterns: conservation and biogeographical implications for the extreme case of Liolaemus (Liolaemidae, Squamata) species
Figure 2. Histogram showing the extent of species distribution for each studied period.
Supplementary material 2 from: Zhang Y, Wang M, Cheng R, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Chen Q, Shen Y (2022) Mitochondrial characteristics of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus a protected salamander in China, and biogeographical implications for the family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata). Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(2): 263-274. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.66578
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.